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Download The Civil War (1861-1865)
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The Civil War (1861-1865) The ___________ ___________ was a period of war between ___________ and ___________ states. The free states were called the Army of the Union and were comprised of ______ states; the _______ slave states called themselves the ____________________ States of America. By the end of the war, ___________ soldiers had died, which represents more than all the deaths of our other campaigns combined. Over _____of these die from ___________ than ___________. Before the war, the country boasted 31,000,000 citizens and _____ states (Minnesota, Oregon, and ___________ are the newest). In the South, ______________ people were slaves – they made up ½ of the total population. During this time, blacks are born & live in filth, disease, and ignorance. _____________, _____________, ______________, and ______________ were Presidents between 1849 and 1861. They were largely ineffective, and their inactions helped further the cause for war. ___________ had been suggested many times as only way to deal with slavery – in their eyes slavery was the only way to preserve their economy – they didn’t know what to do without ___________. American Slavery had existed for so long (since 1619) that it was called “a ___________ ___________.” Society tried to end slavery several times during this period. “_________________” (1852) by Harriet B. Stowe told a violent story that moved many to join the abolitionists. The “______________________” was created by Harriet Tubman + other conductors to evacuate slaves from the South- nearly 50,000 were saved by the “railroad.” Tubman herself rescued over _______ slaves after her escape. The State of Slavery in America ___________ ruled throughout the country. Even northern abolitionists were racist by modern standards. ___________, ___________, and even cemeteries wouldn’t accept them; workers didn’t trust them because they worried about their own _________. In the South, girl slaves were used and sold as breeders for more slaves. Southerners saw their slaves as ___________, which could be moved with them to new lands. The ____________ ___________ (1846) unsuccessfully tried to end slavery by making it illegal in lands won during the ___________ ___________. Several attempts made to deal with slavery but _________________________________: The Missouri Compromise (1820) – The nation kept an uneasy balance of power by admitting ___________ as a slave state and ___________ as a free state. The Compromise of 1850 – _______________ statehood swung the balance to the North. To maintain the balance, ___________ and ________ ___________ were allowed popular sovereignty. The Path to War Several events placed the country on a path to war. “___________ ___________” (1856) proved that _____________ Sovereignty was a failure in settling this issue. As a result, ___________ collapsed into civil war and more than _______ people were killed. The debate even spilled over into violence in the nation’s capital. In 1856, Preston ________________ brutally attacked Charles ________________ with a cane over a speech Sumner had made. In 1857, a slave named ____________ ___________ sued for his freedom and lost. The ___________ ___________ said Scott was not a free man, and that Congress had no right to outlaw slavery in any territory. The final straws came in 1859-1860, when ___________ ___________ raid on Harper’s ______________ failed. He was captured and hanged by the South. Finally, ________________election in 1860 pushed the South over the edge: slaveholders called him “The ___________ ___________,” because he supported abolition. ___________ seceded from the Union, in response to Lincoln’s victory. On December 20, 1860 ___________ The War Begins Abraham Lincoln won the election in 1860 over his longtime rival Stephen ____________, who Lincoln had debated several times in ____________. With Lincoln’s election, the nation began to tear itself apart. During the war, Lincoln led the ____________ and ____________ ____________ led the South. Both sides made critical errors in the early years of the War – in general, Lincoln seriously underestimated the ________ of the South and was not prepared for response his army received in early years of the War; the South wrongly assumed ____________ would come to its aid – all of Europe had banned ____________ by 1860. Advantages of Each Side NORTH ____________Population Bank ____________and Factories Value of goods ____________ Horses and ____________ Tracks Firearms and ____________ Production 90% of total ____________ Controlled the ____________ SOUTH • Excellent ____________ – Robert E. ____________ and Thomas ____________ • Familiarity with the ____________ makes defending always easier than attacking • ____________ fight better than factory workers • Profitable economy based on ____________ exports Weapons of the Civil War Most soldiers were issued smoothbore muskets that were difficult to ____________ and could be fired at an accurate range of only about _________ yards. Rifled muskets were much more accurate and deadly with a range of up to ________ yards. In the Civil War, some cannons were rifled for better accuracy and more power. Rifled cannons could accurately lob shells for almost _________ yards. Smoothbore cannons were not as accurate and could be lobbed ________ yards. Key Battles of the War Fort Sumter – April ____________: Start of the War Ft. Donelson – Feb. ____________: Attacks by Ulysses S. ____________gave the Union its 1st victory __________ – April 1862: Union Victory (____________ casualties) Antietam, 1862: Union Victory – largest loss of life during the War (more than 25,000 casualties) _______________ Proclamation – January 1, 1863; Freed the slaves only in states that seceded from the ____________ ; It did not free slaves in border states - ____________ forbid Lincoln from freeing slaves in the Union After the Emancipation Proclamation blacks began to join the Union Army. Initially they were only used for manual labor – eventually, Blacks saw live combat (54th regiment out of Massachusetts). Gettysburg – July 1863: Union Victory – "____________ ____________ " part of over ____________ deaths in 3 days ____________ – July 1863: won by Grant, cut South in 1/2 and gave the Union control of ____________ River; Grant was then given control of all Union armies at this time – began a "____________ ____________ " policy to defeat the South Sherman’s ‘____________ ____________’ – March 1864: Sherman "March through ____________" saw total destruction from ____________ to ____________ – tore up rail lines, destroyed crops, burned/looted towns Surrender at ____________– April ____________: Grant’s victory in Richmond was the final blow to Lee's army; Lee ____________on April 9, 1865 ; Lincoln didn't want a humiliated South and further conflict, therefore terms of surrender were lenient. Effects of the Civil War Creation of a single unified ____________ To cover war debts, Union gov't issued war ____________ and introduced ____________ tax U.S. now an ____________ nation Killed the issue of ____________ ____________ Abolition of ____________; Increased federal power – Lincoln restricted civil liberties so nothing would detract from Union war effort - free ____________ / ____________ also interrupted