Download The Civil War (1861-1865)

The Civil War (1861-1865)
The ___________ ___________ was a period of war between ___________ and ___________ states. The free
states were called the Army of the Union and were comprised of ______ states; the _______ slave states called
themselves the ____________________ States of America. By the end of the war, ___________ soldiers had died,
which represents more than all the deaths of our other campaigns combined. Over _____of these die from
___________ than ___________. Before the war, the country boasted 31,000,000 citizens and _____ states
(Minnesota, Oregon, and ___________ are the newest). In the South, ______________ people were slaves – they
made up ½ of the total population. During this time, blacks are born & live in filth, disease, and ignorance.
_____________, _____________, ______________, and ______________ were Presidents between 1849 and
1861. They were largely ineffective, and their inactions helped further the cause for war.
___________ had been suggested many times as only way to deal with slavery – in their eyes slavery was the only way
to preserve their economy – they didn’t know what to do without ___________. American Slavery had existed for so
long (since 1619) that it was called “a ___________ ___________.”
Society tried to end slavery several times during this period. “_________________” (1852) by Harriet B. Stowe told a
violent story that moved many to join the abolitionists. The “______________________” was created by Harriet
Tubman + other conductors to evacuate slaves from the South- nearly 50,000 were saved by the “railroad.” Tubman
herself rescued over _______ slaves after her escape.
The State of Slavery in America
___________ ruled throughout the country. Even northern abolitionists were racist by modern standards.
___________, ___________, and even cemeteries wouldn’t accept them; workers didn’t trust them because they
worried about their own _________. In the South, girl slaves were used and sold as breeders for more slaves.
Southerners saw their slaves as ___________, which could be moved with them to new lands. The ____________
___________ (1846) unsuccessfully tried to end slavery by making it illegal in lands won during the ___________
___________.
Several attempts made to deal with slavery but _________________________________:
 The Missouri Compromise (1820) – The nation kept an uneasy balance of power by admitting ___________ as a
slave state and ___________ as a free state.
 The Compromise of 1850 – _______________ statehood swung the balance to the North. To maintain the
balance, ___________ and ________ ___________ were allowed popular sovereignty.
The Path to War
Several events placed the country on a path to war. “___________ ___________” (1856) proved that _____________
Sovereignty was a failure in settling this issue. As a result, ___________ collapsed into civil war and more than
_______ people were killed. The debate even spilled over into violence in the nation’s capital. In 1856, Preston
________________ brutally attacked Charles ________________ with a cane over a speech Sumner had made. In 1857,
a slave named ____________ ___________ sued for his freedom and lost. The ___________ ___________ said
Scott was not a free man, and that Congress had no right to outlaw slavery in any territory. The final straws came in
1859-1860, when ___________ ___________ raid on Harper’s ______________ failed. He was captured and hanged
by the South. Finally, ________________election in 1860 pushed the South over the edge: slaveholders called him
“The ___________ ___________,” because he supported abolition.
___________ seceded from the Union, in response to Lincoln’s victory.
On December 20, 1860 ___________
The War Begins
Abraham Lincoln won the election in 1860 over his longtime rival Stephen ____________, who Lincoln had debated
several times in ____________. With Lincoln’s election, the nation began to tear itself apart. During the war, Lincoln led
the ____________ and ____________ ____________ led the South. Both sides made critical errors in the early years of
the War – in general, Lincoln seriously underestimated the ________ of the South and was not prepared for response
his army received in early years of the War; the South wrongly assumed ____________ would come to its aid – all of
Europe had banned ____________ by 1860.
Advantages of Each Side
NORTH
 ____________Population
 Bank ____________and Factories
 Value of goods ____________
 Horses and ____________ Tracks
 Firearms and ____________ Production
 90% of total ____________
 Controlled the ____________
SOUTH
• Excellent ____________ – Robert E. ____________ and
Thomas ____________
• Familiarity with the ____________ makes defending
always easier than attacking
• ____________ fight better than factory workers
• Profitable economy based on ____________ exports
Weapons of the Civil War
Most soldiers were issued smoothbore muskets that were difficult to ____________ and could be fired at an accurate
range of only about _________ yards. Rifled muskets were much more accurate and deadly with a range of up to
________ yards. In the Civil War, some cannons were rifled for better accuracy and more power. Rifled cannons could
accurately lob shells for almost _________ yards. Smoothbore cannons were not as accurate and could be lobbed
________ yards.
Key Battles of the War
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Fort Sumter – April ____________: Start of the War
Ft. Donelson – Feb. ____________: Attacks by Ulysses S. ____________gave the Union its 1st victory
__________ – April 1862: Union Victory (____________ casualties)
Antietam, 1862: Union Victory – largest loss of life during the War (more than 25,000 casualties)
_______________ Proclamation – January 1, 1863; Freed the slaves only in states that seceded from the
____________ ; It did not free slaves in border states - ____________ forbid Lincoln from freeing slaves in the
Union
After the Emancipation Proclamation blacks began to join the Union Army. Initially they were only used for
manual labor – eventually, Blacks saw live combat (54th regiment out of Massachusetts).
Gettysburg – July 1863: Union Victory – "____________ ____________ " part of over ____________ deaths in 3
days
____________ – July 1863: won by Grant, cut South in 1/2 and gave the Union control of ____________ River;
Grant was then given control of all Union armies at this time – began a "____________ ____________ " policy
to defeat the South
Sherman’s ‘____________ ____________’ – March 1864: Sherman "March through ____________" saw total
destruction from ____________ to ____________ – tore up rail lines, destroyed crops, burned/looted towns
Surrender at ____________– April ____________: Grant’s victory in Richmond was the final blow to Lee's army;
Lee ____________on April 9, 1865 ; Lincoln didn't want a humiliated South and further conflict, therefore terms
of surrender were lenient.
Effects of the Civil War
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Creation of a single unified ____________
To cover war debts, Union gov't issued war
____________ and introduced ____________ tax
U.S. now an ____________ nation
Killed the issue of ____________ ____________
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Abolition of ____________;
Increased federal power – Lincoln restricted civil
liberties so nothing would detract from Union war
effort - free ____________ / ____________ also
interrupted