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Knee Muscle Actions Knee Extension (Concentric) Quads (Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis, Vastus Intermedius) (Rectus Femoris – Also flexes hip!!!) Knee Flexion (Concentric) Hamstrings (Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus) (Hamstrings –except for short head of biceps femoris -also extend hip!!!) Sartorius, Gracilis (a little) (Sartorius also externally rotates & flexes hip (as when crossing your leg)!!!) (Gracilis also adducts the hip!!!) Gastrocnemius Plantaris (minimal) Unlocks Knee Popliteus (externally rotates femur if foot is planted; internally rotates tibia if foot is free) Pulls Synovial Membrane Superiorly During Knee Extension Articularis Genu Gluteals Tensor fascia lata Action: 1. hip flexion 2. medially rotate & abduct a flexed thigh 3. tenses IT tract to support femur on the tibia during standing Gluteus medius & minimus Action: 1. anterior and lateral fibers abduct and medially rotate the thigh 2. stabilizes the pelvis and prevents free limb from sagging during gait Gluteus maximus Action: 1. powerful extensor of hip 2. laterally rotates thigh 3. upper fibers aid in abduction of thigh 4. fibers of IT band stabilize a fully extended knee Piriformis, Superior Gemellus, Obturator Internus Action: 1. lateral rotation of extended thigh 2. abducts a flexed thigh Inferior gemellus & Quadratus femoris Action: laterally rotates femur Posterior Thigh Musculature Semitendinosus Action: 1. extends hip 2. flexes knee 3. medially rotates tibia Semimembranosus Action: 1. flexes knee 2. extends hip 3. medially rotates tibia 4. pulls medial meniscus posterior during flexion Biceps femoris Action: 1. flexes knee (mainly short head) 2. laterally rotates thigh if flexed at the knee 3. extends hip (long head) Adductor Thigh Musculature Adductor longus Action: 1. adducts thigh 2. flexes thigh 3. may laterally rotate thigh at the hip Adductor brevis Action: 1. adducts thigh (major) 2. aids in flexion of thigh 3. may laterally rotate thigh at the hip Adductor magnus Action: 1. adducts the thigh 2. posterior fibers also extend and laterally rotate thigh Gracilis Action: 1. adducts thigh 2. flexes knee 3. medially rotates tibia Obturator externus Action: 1. laterally rotates thigh 2. assists in flexion of hip joint Anterior Thigh Musculature Sartorius Action: 1. flexes hip and knee 2. laterally rotates thigh if flexed at the hip Rectus femoris Action: 1. extends knee 2. flexes hip Vastus lateralis Action: 1. extends knee 2. can laterally displace patella Vastus intermedius Action: extends knee Vastus medialis Action: extends knee Articularis genus Action: 1. pulls the synovial membrane of the knee superior with knee extension 2. prevents impingement of the synovial membrane between patella and the femur Psoas major Action: 1. hip flexion 2. lateral rotation Illiacus Action: 1. powerful hip flexion 2. lateral rotation Pectineus Action: 1. flexes hip 2. adducts thigh 3. medially rotates thigh Posterior Leg Musculature Gastrocnemius o Action: 1. plantarflex the ankle 2. knee flexion (when not weight bearing) 3. stabilizes ankle & knee when standing Soleus o Action: plantarflex the foot Plantaris o Action: like a weak gastrocnemius Popliteus o Action: 1. insertion fixed: laterally rotates femur on tibia & unlocks knee 2. origin fixed: medially rotates tibia on femur & unlocks knee Flexor digitorum longus o Action: 1. primarily flexes 2nd - 5th toes 2. weak plantarflexor 3. weak inversion & adduction of foot Tibialis posterior Action: 1. stabilizes ankle 2. inversion & adduction of foot 3. prevents hyperpronation while in gait 4. weak plantarflexion of ankle Flexor hallucis longus o Action: 1. flexes big toe (hallux) 2. weak plantarflexion of the foot 3. weak inversion & adduction of foot Anterolateral Leg Musculature Peroneus longus o Action: 1. eversion & abduction of the foot 2. weak plantarflexion of the foot at the transverse tarsal joint Peroneus brevis o Action: 1. eversion & abduction of the foot 2. weak plantarflexion of foot Tibialis anterior o Action: 1. strongest dorsiflexor 2. inverts & adducts the foot Extensor hallucis longus o Action: 1. extends distal phalanx of big toe 2. weak dorsiflexor 3. weak inversion & adduction Extensor digitorum longus o Action: 1. extends the lateral 4 toes 2. weak dorsiflexor & everts foot Peroneus tertius o Action: 1. extends the 5th toe 2. weak dorsiflexor & everts foot Posterior Right Leg Muscles Anterior Right Leg Muscles Refer to the above diagrams of leg muscles for the following questions: Diagrams taken from http://www.exrx.net/Lists/Directory.html on April 25, 2008 ExRx.net Exercise & Muscle Directory On the Anterior Right Leg Muscles diagram the letter a is on what muscle? Tensor Fascia Latae On the Anterior Right Leg Muscles diagram the letter l is on what tendinous structure? Iliotibial Band (IT Band) On the Anterior Right Leg Muscles diagram the letter b is on what muscle? Vastus Lateralis On the Anterior Right Leg Muscles diagram the letter c is on what muscle? Rectus Femoris On the Anterior Right Leg Muscles diagram the letter d is on what muscle? Vastus Medialis On the Anterior Right Leg Muscles diagram the letter e is on what muscle? Sartorius On the Anterior Right Leg Muscles diagram the letter j is on what bony structure? Patella On the Anterior Right Leg Muscles diagram the letter m is on what bony structure? Head of the fibula On the Anterior Right Leg Muscles diagram the letter n is on what bone? Tibia On the Anterior Right Leg Muscles diagram the letter k is on what bony structure? Tibial Tuberosity On the Anterior Right Leg Muscles diagram the letter j is connected to the letter k by what structure? The patellar tendon or patellar ligament On the Posterior Right Leg Muscles diagram the letter j is on what muscle? Gracilis On the Posterior Right Leg Muscles diagram the letter m is over what area? Popliteal fossae On the Posterior Right Leg Muscles diagram the letter d is on what tendinous structure? Iliotibial Band (IT Band) On the Posterior Right Leg Muscles diagram the number 1 is on what muscle? Biceps Femoris On the Posterior Right Leg Muscles diagram the number 3 is on what muscle? Semitendinosis On the Posterior Right Leg Muscles diagram the number 4 is on what muscle? Semimembranosis On the Posterior Right Leg Muscles diagram the letter b is on what muscle? Gluteus Medius r