Download The early atmosphere

117 Ways to Pass the Earth Science
Standards of Learning (SOL) Test
1. The same substance always has the same density
2.
As pressure increases, density increases
3.
As temperature increases, density decreases
4.
Water expands when it freezes
5.
Most changes are cyclic
6.
Water is most dense at 4oC, when it is a liquid
7.
The universe began with a big explosion--"The Big Bang"
8.
The best model of the Earth is a sphere
9.
The altitude of Polaris equals your latitude
10.
Our solar system is located on one of the outer arms of our Milky Way Galaxy
11.
Latitude lines go east-west, just like the equator, but measure distances north or
south.
12.
Longitude lines go north-south, but measure distances east or west.
13.
Longitude is based on observations of the sun
14.
Use the reference tables
15.
The closer the isolines (contour-isobar-isotherms-) are the steeper the slope or
gradient
16. The earth rotates from west to east (24 hours)
17.
The earth revolves counterclockwise (365 1/4 days)
18.
All celestial objects appear to rise in the east and move west
19.
The moon has phases because it revolves around the earth (remember, though, that
half is always lit)
20.
Planets appear to go backwards (retrograde) as the earth passes them in space
21.
Summer solstice is June 21st
22.
Winter solstice is December 21st
1
23.
Equinoxes: March 21st September 23rd
24.
Equator always has 12 hours of day-light
25.
The lower the altitude of the sun, the longer the shadow it casts
26.
Foucault's pendulum and the coriolis effect prove the earth rotates
27.
Earth is closest to the sun in January
28.
The closer a planet is to the sun the higher it's velocity
29. Use the reference tables!
30. Remember to use the reference tables.
31. Black and rough surfaces are the best absorbers and radiators
32. The half-life of a radioactive element can't be changed
33. Ocean crust is thin and made of basalt
34. Continental crust is thick and made of granite
35. Energy moves from source to sink: high to low
36. Mountains form by uplift, folding and faulting
37. Chemical weathering occurs mostly in warm, humid climates
38. Physical weathering occurs mostly in cold, humid climates (good for frost wedging)
39.
Air moves clockwise and outward around a high
40.
Air moves counterclockwise and inward around a low
41.
Good absorbers of radiation are good radiators
42.
Hottest part of the year is in July
43.
Hottest part of the day is after 1:00p.m.
44.
As temperature increases, air pressure decreases
45.
As moisture increases, pressure decreases
46.
Air pressure decreases with altitude
47.
Highs are cool and dry; lows are warm and wet
48.
Wind is due to air pressure differences
2
49.
Wind blows from high to low pressure
50.
Wind is named from the direction that it is coming from
51.
The accepted value is the correct answer. The measured value is the guess.
52.
The closer the air temperature is to the dew point the greater the chance for
precipitation
53. Weather moves from west to east in the United States
57. Cold fronts move the fastest
58.
Porosity does not depend on particle size
59.
As particle size increases, permeability increases
60.
Capillarity increases when particle size decreases
3
61. Ep (potential evapotranspiration) depends on temperature
62.
Dynamic equilibrium means balance
63.
Increase in latitude and altitude have the same affect on climate
64.
Vertical rays (overhead sun) can only occur between 23 1/2oN and 23 1/2oS
65. Index fossils are good time markers (widely spread, lived a short time)
66.
Air cools and expands as it rises
67.
Large bodies of water moderate temperature (smaller temperature range)
69.
Gravity causes most erosion
70.
Streams are the number one agent of erosion
71.
Stream velocity depends on slope and discharge
72.
Velocity is fastest on the out side of meander bend
73.
Heavy, round, and dense particles settle out first
74.
Graded bedding (vertical sorting): biggest sediments are on bottom
75.
Glacial sediments are unsorted with scratches in a U-shaped valley
76.
Sedimentary rocks may have flat layers - most likely to have fossils
77.
Igneous rock: cools fast-small crystals;
cools slow-large crystals
4
78.
Metamorphic: banded-distorted structure
79.
Mineral properties depend on internal atomic arrangement
80.
Calcite fizzes with acid
81.
Isostasy: earth's crust in equilibrium (uplift & subsidence)
82.
Mid-ocean ridge - new earth being created-sea floor spreading
83.
Trenches - earth being destroyed-subduction zone
84.
P-waves are faster than S-waves
85.
P-waves - solids & liquids can pass through -- S-waves solids only
86.
You need 3 seismometer stations to plot an earthquake
87. Undisturbed layers - bottom layer is oldest (this is the Law of Superposition)
88. Intrusion and faults are younger than the rock they are in
89. Unconformity means erosion (time gap in the layers)
90. Arid (dry) landscape: steep slopes with sharp angles
91. Humid (wet) landscape: smooth with rounded slopes
92. When in doubt, see if the reference tables will help
93. Uranium
238
is used to date old rocks
94. Carbon 14 is used to date recent living objects
95. Convection currents in the mantle move plates
96. Always try to eliminate two answers
97. When a rock is broken into smaller pieces, surface area increases and weathering rate
increases
98.
If there is a graph, table, diagram, you must remember that the answer is there!
5
99.
Be familiar with (but don't memorize) this chart:
LATITUDE
DATE
OF SUN'S
(APPROXIMATE) DIRECT
RAYS
DIRECTION
OF
ALTITUDE
SUNRISE
OF NOON
AND
SUN
SUNSET
LENGTH OF
DAYLIGHT
Sept. 23
(Autumnal
Equinox)
Equator (0 )
Rises due
East Sets
due West
48o
12 hours
December 21
(Winter
Solstice)
Tropic of
Capricorn
(23 1/2oS)
Rises in SE
Sets in SW
24.5o
(lowest)
8 hours
(shortest
day)
March 21 (Vernal
Equator (0o)
Equinox)
Rises due
East
Sets due
West
48o
12 hours
Tropic of
June 21 (Summer
Cancer
Solstice)
(23 1/2oN)
Rises in NE
Sets in NW
71.5o
(highest)
16 hours
(longest day)
o
HINTS FOR TAKING THE EARTH SCIENCE (SOL) TEST AND DOING
BETTER
100. STUDY CAREFULLY ALL CHARTS, GRAPHS AND REFERENCE TABLES!
101. Relax--You've already completed 15% of the exam.
102.
Be sure to answer every question. At the end, if you have no idea, take a guess.
103. Take your time. The test is un-timed!
104. Read introductory paragraphs and study diagrams before looking at questions. Underline
key words.
105. Draw diagrams to help you visualize the questions asked - where possible
106. Use a straight-edge and/or a highlighter to read graphics, to mark points on a graph and
to measure distances.
107. If certain words cause confusion, cross them out and substitute a different word, then
read the question again. (example: substitute the word "false" for "not true")
108. Don't leave any questions blank
109. Read all choices before deciding on an answer, sometimes a question has a good and a
better answer. Always choose the best answer.
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110. If you are not sure of an answer, try to eliminate choices that you think are clearly
wrong and narrow down your choices. Then make your most careful guess.
111. Ask yourself: Is it in the reference tables, or can the reference tables help me?
112. Check your test a second time, but only change an answer if you find an obvious mistake.
Your first choice is usually correct.
113. Look up formulas, even if you think you know them. Substitute information from the
question into the formula. Most are on the front page of the reference tables.
114. Skip over hard questions that are stumping you. Go back to them later. Something else
in the test may give you a clue to the harder problems.
115. Have a healthy meal for dinner the night before.
116. A good night sleep is as important as the above 115 items.
117. Relax-you've seen all this stuff before.
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GENERAL EARTH SCIENCE REVIEW
Directions- After you have studied and know the information, put a check in the box provided.
I. Plate Tectonics
o
1. Divergent boundaries
2 continental plates moving apart ( Mid ocean ridge, rift valley, volcanoes)
o
2. Convergent boundaries
2 continental plates moving together mountains formed
continental and oceanic plates moving together trenches formed as dense oceanic
crust is subducted; volcanoes are formed.
2 oceanic plates moving together subduction. The older plate is denser than the younger
plate.(island arcs, trenches)
o 3. Transform boundaries, plates sliding past each other. (San Andreas
Fault in California.)
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o Layers of the Earth
crust - the rigid, rocky outer surface of the Earth, composed mostly of basalt
and granite. The crust is thinner under the oceans.
inner core - the solid iron-nickel center of the Earth that is very hot and
under great pressure.
mantle - a rocky layer located under the crust - it is composed of silicon,
oxygen, magnesium, iron, aluminum, and calcium. Convection (heat) currents
carry heat from the hot inner mantle to the cooler outer mantle.
outer core - the molten iron-nickel layer that surrounds the inner core.
o Label and Color This Diagram
II. Earthquakes
o
Rocks break and move along surfaces called “faults”. The breaking and moving causes
vibrations called earthquakes.
9
o
Types of Faults (http://www.tinynet.com/faults.html)
Normal Fault
Reverse Fault
Strike-slip Fault
A. Parts of An Earthquake
o P & S Waves are needed to determine the epicenter of an earthquake.
o P waves travel faster than S waves
o Surface waves do the most damage; the slowest wave.
o Three seismograph stations are needed to determine the location of the
earthquake.
o Secondary waves do not travel through a liquid
o Primary waves travel through solids and liquids.
Calculating the time difference between the arrival time between the P and S
earthquake waves.
III. Volcanoes
o Types of volcanoes: A. Cinder cones B. Composite C. Shield
Cinder cones are the simplest type of volcano. They are built from particles and blobs
of congealed lava ejected from a single vent. As the gas-charged lava is blown violently
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into the air, it breaks into small fragments that solidify and fall as cinders around the
vent to form a circular or oval cone. Most cinder cones have a bowl-shaped crater at
the summit and rarely rise more than a thousand feet or so above their surroundings.
Cinder cones are numerous in western North America as well as throughout other
volcanic terrains of the world. Parícutin Volcano, Mexico, is a cinder cone.
Composite Volcano:
Some of the
Earth's grandest mountains are composite volcanoes--sometimes called
stratovolcanoes. They are typically steep-sided, symmetrical cones of large
dimension built of alternating layers of lava flows, volcanic ash, cinders,
blocks, and bombs and may rise as much as 8,000 feet above their bases.
Some of the most conspicuous and beautiful mountains in the world are
composite volcanoes, including Mount Fuji in Japan, Mount Cotopaxi in Ecuador,
Mount Shasta in California, Mount Hood in Oregon, and Mount St. Helens and
Mount Rainier in Washington.
Shield volcanoes, the third type of volcano, are built almost entirely of fluid
lava flows. Flow after flow pours out in all directions from a central summit
vent, or group of vents, building a broad, gently sloping cone of flat, domical
shape, with a profile much like that of a warrior's shield.
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The Parts of A Volcano
o Lava, molten rock, and ash outside the volcano
o Magma, molten rock in the earth’s interior.
IV. Maps
Map Questions
1. Where is the steepest slope in this diagram?
A.
B.
C.
D.
North side
West side
South side
East side
2. What is the lowest elevation on the map?
A.
B.
C.
D.
800 meters
100 meters
400 meters
860 meters
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3. What feature is indicated by the arrow on the map?
A. a contour line
B. a high ridge
C. a glacier
D. a river
4. Which is used to measure distance north or south of the equator?
A. lines of longitude
B. lines of latitude
C. index contours
D. map legends
5. Which of the following provides precise data about your position on Earth’s surface?
A. global positioning system
C. prime meridian
B. International Date line
D. LandSat 7
6. Which of the following connects points of equal elevation on a
topographic map?
A. contour line
B. series
C. legend
D. scale
Map Reading Activity: Topography
1. Color the elevations on the topographic map as follows. Red: 50m and higher,
Orange: 40-50m, Yellow: 30-40m, Light green: 20-30m, Dark green: 10-20m,
Purple: 0-10m.
2. Approximately how tall is Able Hill?
___________________________
3. Approximately how tall is Baker
Hill?
___________________________
4. Which mountain is taller, and by
about how much?
___________________________
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5. How many meters of elevation are
there between contour lines on the
topographic map?
___________________________
6. Which mountain has steeper slopes?
___________________________
7. Are the contour lines closer together
on Able Hill or Baker Hill?
___________________________
Look at this picture. It shows a river valley and several nearby hills. Use a magnifying glass.
On the illustration, locate the following things:





A church
A bridge over the river
An ocean side cliff
A stream that flows into the main river
A hill that rises steeply on one side and more smoothly on the other.
Here is a topographic map of the same place.
Find the items you located on the illustration on the topograhic map.
 Circle the symbol for a church.
 Draw a church symbol here.
 Put a square around the map symbol for a bridge.
 Draw a bridge symbol here. Put an X on the ocean side cliff.
What is the elevation of the contour line at the
top of that cliff?
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Locate a stream that flows into the main river. Draw a pencil line down that stream. Put an X where
the stream joins the main river. On a real topographic map, streams are shown in blue and contour
lines are shown in brown.
Find the hill that rises steeply on one side and more smoothly on the other. On the topographic map,
draw a path up the hill to the highest point that would be easy to climb. (Hint: remember that when
contour lines are close together, the ground is very steep.) Draw a path showing a very steep way up
the hill.
Latitude and Longitude Activity
_____________________
_____________________
2. Name three states that extend below latitude 30
degrees N (in the contiguous US), and label them on the _____________________
map.
_____________________
1. Do lines of latitude run east-west or north-south?
3. Name one US state that is mostly east of longitude 70
degrees W, and label it on the map.
_____________________
4. Name three US states (shown on this map) that
extend west of longitude 120 degrees W, and label them
on the map.
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
5. Is the location 45 degrees N latitude, 82 degrees W
longitude on land or under water? On the map, mark it
with a red X.
_____________________
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6. Name the state that is located entirely between 40-45
degrees N latitude and between 90-100 degrees W
longitude, and label it on the map.
V. Minerals:
_____________________
Identify the following minerals by their physical and chemical properties
Rock Forming Minerals
Mineral
Cleavage/Fracture
Hardness
Streak
Usage
o Quartz
o Feldspar
o Calcite
o Mica
Ore Forming Mineral
Mineral
Cleavage/Fracture
Hardness
Streak Usage
o Pyrite (fool’s gold)
o Magnetite
o Hematite
o Galena
o Halite
o Graphite
o Sulfur
VI. Rocks: Identify the rocks by origin and texture
o How each rock family forms
o Igneous: intrusive/ extrusive
o Sedmentary: clastic/nonclastic/chemical precipitation
o Metamorphic: foliated/ unfoliated
o The Rock Cycle
o Rock Name
Rock Family
Texture
1. pumice
2. obsidian
3. basalt
4. granite
5. sandstone
6. conglomerate
7. shale
8. limestone
9. gypsum
10. slate
11. schist
12. gneiss
13. marble
14. quartzite
VII. Soil: Loose rock fragments and clay derived from weathered rock and organic
materials.
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Rocks and Minerals: Find It!
1. This word starts with an "R." The Earth's crust is made of this substance.
What is this word?___________________
2. This word starts with an "M." It is a naturally-occurring solid with a regular molecular structure.
What is it? ___________________
3. This word starts with an "L." It is a word for molten rock on the surface of the Earth.
It often comes from volcanoes. What is it called? ______________
4. This phrase starts with an "I." When molten rock cools, this type of rock forms.
What is this word? ___________________ ____________
5. This phrase starts with an "M."
It is a type of rock that is formed deep in the Earth, under great pressure and high heat.
What is it called? ___________________ ____________
6. This phrase starts with an "S."
It is a type of rock that is formed when sediment (like sand or mud) collects and is eventually
put under great pressure and heat. Fossils are often found in this type of rock.
What is it called? ___________________ ____________
7. This word starts with a "G." It is a common type of igneous rock.
What is it called? ___________________
8. This word starts with an "L." It is a type of sedimentary rock made from
the skeletons of long-dead microscopic animals. What is it called? _______________________
9. This word starts with an "M." It is a type of metamorphic rock. What is it called? _________________
10. This word starts with a "Q." It is a common type of crystalline mineral. What is it called?
_______________________
11. This word starts with an "S." It is a common type of crystalline mineral that we eat all the time.
What is it called? _______________________
12. This word starts with a "D." It is a rare and very hard type of crystalline mineral.
What is it called? _______________________
17
13. This word starts with an "S." It is a valuable metallic mineral. It is the shiniest metal.
What is it called? _______________________
14. This word starts with an "I." It is a common metallic mineral that is used for many things,
including railroad tracks. What is it? _______________________
15. This word starts with a "G." It is the study of the structure of the Earth and rocks and minerals.
What is it? _______________________
Explain the “processes associated with each cycle. Discuss the “water table” formation.
THE WATER CYCLE
THE ROCK CYCLE
Th
e
WaterTa
ble
The Topographic Map Rules:






Moving from one contour line to another always indicates a change in
elevation
Contour lines can never cross one another
The closer contour lines are to one another, the steeper the slope is in the
real world.
A series of closed contours (the contours make a circle) represents a hill.
If the closed contours are hatchured it indicates a closed depression
Contour lines crossing a stream valley will form a "V" shape pointing in the
uphill (and upstream) direction.
18
How does the sun produce energy?
The sun is a huge ball-shaped cloud of hot gases held together by gravity.




It is made up mostly of hydrogen and helium.
Inside the sun, hydrogen atoms moving very quickly collide with one another.
Sometimes they combine to make helium atoms in a nuclear process called fusion.
The sun is a yellow star.
HR DIAGRAM: STARS
Temperature Spectral Color
(Kelvin)
Class of Star
blue35,000
O
white
blue21,000
B
white
10,000
A
white
yellow7,000
F
white
6,000
G
yellow
4,000
K
orange
3,000
M
red
ABSOLUTE MAGNITUDE
LUMINOSITY
TEMPERATURE
MAIN SEQUENCE (SUN)
RED GIANTS & SUPERGIANTS
Study Organizer For Definitions
19
(Refer to the RPS Vocabulary List For Earth Science. Complete the terms with
definitions).
HR
DIAGRAM
ABSOLUTE
MAGNITUDE
LUMINOSITY
MAIN SEQUENCE
STARS
RED GIANT
STARS
SUPER GIANT
STARS
PARALLAX
20
NEBULAE
SOLAR WIND
COMET TAIL
ASTEROIDS
BIG BANG
Greenhouse
gas
21
adaptation
Polar zone
Temperate
zone
tropics
Greenhouse effect
The zone of the
Earth’s equator
The zone of Earth’s
North Pole
22
23
Use Earth Science Resources to complete the charts below. (Define, color and
draw). Computer, Textbook, Laser video.
Nebula (nebulae- Galaxy
plural)
Light year
Spiral Galaxy
Blue Star
Red Star
Milky Way Galaxy
The Members of the
Solar System
Yellow Star
Fusion
How a low-pressure system affects weather
An air mass with a low-pressure center is associated with


cloudy weather and precipitation
Showers or thunderstorms
How a high pressure system affects weather
Air masses with a center of high pressure, is associated with


fair weather
Measuring Air Pressure: Barometer (baro= pressure)
Maps: The Mercator projection shows the surface of the earth or a portion of the earth on
a flat surface. Or use a cylindrical projection
24
:
What is humus?_____________________
________________________________________________________
TYPES OF FOSSIL PRESERVATION
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Mineral replacement
Carbon Film
Coal
Original remains
Molds and Casts
Trace Fossils
Trails and Burrows
25
FOSSILS AND ANCIENT
ENVIRONMENTS
• Scientists use fossils to determine:
• What the environment of an area was like
long ago
• Which organisms lived in the environment
• Whether the land was covered by ocean
• Ocean depths
• What the climate of the region was like.
WHAT IS A FOSSIL?
• THE REMAINS
• THE IMPRINTS
• THE TRACES
OF PREHISTORIC
ORGANISMS
FOSSILS
• A paleontologist, is a scientist who studies
fossils.
• Most fossils are excavated (dug up)
from sedimentary rock layers.
• Sedimentary rock is rock that has formed
from sediment, like sand, mud, and small
pieces of rocks. (limestone, shale, sandstone)
The State Fossil
Chesapecten jeffersonius
26
27
Law of Crosscutting Relationships
Described by Scotsman James Hutton (1726 - 1997), the Law of Crosscutting Relationships
stated that if a fault or other body of rock cuts through another body of rock then it must be
younger in age than the rock through which it cuts and displaces.
Date the rock layers from the oldest to the youngest
I
Oldest ______________
________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
Youngest_________________
28
The Layers of the Atmosphere
o Troposphere: weather occurs here (clouds, dust particles,
gases)[nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor, carbon dioxide, traces of other
gases]
o Stratosphere contains the ozone layer. Ozone shield us from ultraviolet
(UV) radiation. Chloroflurocarbons are destroying the ozone layer.
o Mesosphere-the coldest layer
o Thermosphere-the warmest layer. Contains the ionosphere (ions,
electrically charged particles).
Evolution of the atmosphere
The early atmosphere
Scientists believe that the Earth was formed about 4.5 billion years ago.
Its early atmosphere was probably formed from the gases given out by
volcanoes. It is believed that there was intense volcanic activity for the
first billion years of the Earth's existence.
The early atmosphere was probably mostly carbon dioxide and water vapour,
with smaller proportions of ammonia and methane. As the Earth cooled down,
most of the water vapor condensed and formed the oceans.
It is thought that the atmospheres of Mars and Venus, which contain mostly
carbon dioxide, are similar to the early atmosphere of the Earth.
29
Changes in the atmosphere
So how did the proportions of carbon dioxide, methane and ammonia in the
atmosphere go down, and the proportions of nitrogen and oxygen go up?
Carbon dioxide: the proportion went down because



it was absorbed by plants for photosynthesis
it was locked up in fossil fuels, and
it dissolved in the oceans
Methane: the proportion went down because it reacted with atmospheric
oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.
Ammonia: the proportion went down because


it reacted with oxygen to produce nitrogen, and
it was changed into nitrates by nitrifying bacteria
A protective ozone layer developed once there was enough oxygen
Oxygen: the proportion went up because of photosynthesis by plants. Ozone
forms from oxygen, and an ozone layer developed in the upper atmosphere
once there was enough oxygen. The ozone layer protected living things from
harmful ultraviolet radiation from the Sun, and eventually most of the Earth's
surface was colonized by living things.
Nitrogen: the proportion went up because


it was released by the reaction between ammonia and oxygen
denitrifying bacteria changed nitrates into nitrogen
30
Astronomy Factoids: Use the Textbook, computer or laser video disk.
The frames refer to the laser video disk (Optical data)
1. Frame Number: 16700. Answer the question. What is a light year? Sketch this
concept in the space provided
_______________________________________________________________________
2. Frame # 16755 Define the revolution of a planet. Sketch this concept in the space
provided.
_______________________________________________________________________
3. Movie Frame # 16756: Counterclockwise motion: Sketch this concept in the space
provided. Use arrows to show the direction of movement of the galactic arms.
4.Frame # 17051. The shapes of Galaxies. Sketch this concept in the space provided
Write the names of the types of galaxies.
5. Frame # 17399 Illustrated Glossary: Definitions and sketch this concept in the space
provided
* definition only
1.arms 2.ellipse 3. *elliptical galaxy 4. *galaxy 5. Mercury (frame # 46227)
6.*Milky Way Galaxy 7. solar system 8. speed of light 9.*spiral galaxy 10. supernova
31
Meteorology Factoids: Use the Textbook, computer or laser video disk.
The frames refer to the laser video disk (Optical data)
1. Frame Number: 15227. Answer the question. Is this a land breeze or a sea breeze?
Explain and sketch this concept in the space provided.
_______________________________________________________________________
2. Frame # 15234. Answer the question. Is this a land breeze or a sea breeze? Explain
and sketch this concept in the space provided.
_______________________________________________________________________
Glossary Terms: Sketch the illustration and Write the definitions:
Frame # 15080
Air Mass
Air Pressure
Atmosphere
Air (composition) _____________
______________
______________
______________ ______________ ______________
______________
______________ ______________ ______________
______________
______________ ______________ ______________
______________
______________ ______________ ______________
______________
______________ ______________ ______________
______________
______________ ______________ ______________
______________
______________ ______________ ______________
______________
______________
.
Barometer
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
Cirrus Clouds
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
Convection
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
Cumulonimbus
Clouds
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
Cumulus
Clouds
_____________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
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Dew Point
Evaporation
Forecast
Front
Humidity
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
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Isobar
Isotherm
lightning
Meteorologist/
Meteorology
millibar
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Molecules (water,
Precipitation
Thunder
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carbon dioxide,oxygen,
nitrogen)
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Stratus
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weather
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What is vapor?_________________
Can it been seen? __________________________
33
Oceanography and Ground water Factoids: Use the Textbook, computer or
laser video disk. The frames refer to the laser video disk (Optical data)
Groundwater Systems: Page 249-254 Earth Science Textbook
1. What is groundwater?
2. What type of rock forms when water dissolves minerals in the soil and these
dissolved minerals cements the soil and rock fragments to form a rock?
_______________________________________________________________________
3. Why do wells go dry in areas where groundwater is the main source of
drinking water?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
ILLUSTRATIONS FROM LASER DISK 3 :WATER. Chapter 21 Glossary.
SKETCH :
1. Aquifer
_____________________________________________________________________
Define and Sketch*
2. Flood Plain
______________________________________________________________________
3. Define: Salinity
____________________________________________________________________
Define and Sketch*
4. Geyser
____________________________________________________________________
Sketch Here!
Frame # 11444 Sketch Impermeable and Permeable Sediment
Impermeable
Permeable (11465)
Oceanography (11460)
Pores (11470)
SKETCH
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_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
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Recharge
Area
(11481)
SKETCH
______________
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______________
34
Water Cycle
Watershed
Water Table
SKETCH
SKETCH
SKETCH
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Sea Level (28355)
SKETCH
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Ocean (28326)
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Well
Zone of
Saturation
______________
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SKETCH
Tide (28361)
Upwelling (28380)
Wave (28385)
SKETCH
SKETCH
SKETCH
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Spring Tide
Neap Tides
(28461) Sketch and Define
Definition page 530 in
textbook.
(28462) Sketch and Define
Definition page 530 in
textbook.
Percentage of
Saltwater and
Freshwater
(07555) Sketch only!
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The Importance
of the Water
Table (Movie)
(07567)
The Water Cycle
(Movie) Explain
(09087)
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Prediction: Frame # 15230: The Density of Fresh and Salt Water.
The Major Oceans are ____________________ , _________________________, and
the__________________________.
35
Question:Which diagram below best represents the most common arrangement of zones
in a water table?
Solar Eclipse
Renewable Resources and Non-Renewable Resources
Renewable can be defined as:“capable of being renewed”, or"capable of being replaced
by natural ecological cycles or sound management practices"In other words - resources that
can be continually reproduced over a relatively short period of time.
Non-Renewable resources are mined and exhausted. The supply of fossil fuel is
depleting fast and cannot be reproduced/ renewed. For this reason, it has become
necessary to look for alternatives energy sources
36
Renewable Resources
Non Renewable Resources
Sunlight
Fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas
Water
Landfill gas
Space Jammer Video on The Planets: Video Guide
37