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Transcript
US History Fort Burrows Slavery Divides the Nation – 1820 – 1861 16.1 – Slavery in the Territories Presidents: 1st 1789 2nd 1797 3rd 1801 4th 1809 5th 1817 6th 1825 7th 1829 8th 1837 9th 1841 10th 1841 11th 1845 12th 1849 13th 1850 14th 1853 15th 1857 16th 1861 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1797 1801 1809 1817 1825 1829 1837 1841 1841 1845 1849 1850 1853 1857 1861 1865 2 terms 1 term 2 terms 2 terms 2 terms 1 term 2 terms 1 term Died 1 term 1 term Died 1 term 1 term 1 term 2 terms 17th 1865 – 1869 1 term George Washington – 57 John Adams – 61 Thomas Jefferson – 57 James Madison – 57 James Monroe – 58 John Quincy Adams – 57 Andrew Jackson – 61 Martin Van Buren – 54 William Henry Harrison-68 John Tyler –51 James K Polk – 49 Zachary Taylor – 64 Millard Fillmore – 50 Franklin Pierce – 48 James Buchanan –65 Abraham Lincoln –52 assassinated in office Andrew Johnson – 50 replaced Lincoln __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ 18th 1869 – 1877 2 terms Ulysses Simpson US Grant-47 __________________ BE READY !!!! Which PARTY did teach Belong to ??? Why this matters to B&B Ranch 8th grade students… Other than Burrows likes to hear himself talk. The United States is still torn over the issue of racial equality. Slavery may be a thing of the past, but its legacy of poverty, inequality, and ignorance still troubles society. For example, at the beginning of the 2000s, about 23 percent of African American families lived below the poverty level compared to 8 percent of white families. About 26 percent, 1 out of 4, of white Americans had completed 4 or more years of college education, while about 17 percent of African Americans had done so. But an even more telling fact is that the average annual earnings of white college graduates were almost $10,000 higher than those of African American college graduates. To study the origins of the Civil War will help our students understand the problems of today and how they came about. We hope to teach you, so that history will not repeat itself in your lifetime and to prepare each of you to face your future as AMERICAN CITIZENS. 1 of 16.1 Printer Copy 3/2015 US History Fort Burrows What are the 5 Supreme Court Cases and what are their Meanings ??? 1.________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 2.________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 3.________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 4.________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 5.________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ Time Line: 1820 – the Missouri Compromise maintains the balance of free and slave states in the Union 1833 – slavery is abolished in the British Empire 1848 – the Free-Soil party is formed to oppose the extension of slavery in the West 1850 – Congress passes the Compromise of 1850; new law that required all Americans to help recapture fugitive slaves fugitive – one who tries to ‘illegally’ escape 1854 – Senator Stephen Douglas proposes the Kansas–Nebraska Act, allowing new territories to decide whether or not to permit slavery 1854 – slavery is abolished in Venezuela 1857 – Supreme Court rules in Dred Scott v. Sandford case that Congress cannot ban slavery in any territory 1861 – The Confederate States of America is formed Confederate troops fire on Fort Sumter, South Carolina; this bombardment marks the beginning of the Civil War Main Idea: The Missouri Compromise attempted to settle the issue of whether slavery should be allowed in the western territories. Vocabulary: Missouri Compromise – agreement proposed in 1819 by Henry Clay, to keep the number of slave and free states equal Wilmot Proviso – law passed in 1846 that banned slavery in any territories won by the US from Mexico popular sovereignty – a term referring to the idea that each territory could decide for itself whether or not to allow slavery ***created to keep slavery out of the western territories Free-Soil Party – bipartisan, antislavery party founded in the US in 1848 to 2 of 16.1 Printer Copy 3/2015 US History Fort Burrows stipulate – to demand or require something as port of an agreement assume – take for granted; accept without proof banned – forbidden, not allowed lure – to convince someone to do something with the expectation of a reward moderate – not on either side of an argument morally – considered unacceptable, such as rules or habits of conduct Setting the Scene: When he reached his seventies, Thomas Jefferson vowed, ‘never to write, talk, or even think about politics.’ Still, in 1820 at the age of 77, he broke this vow. Jefferson voiced alarm at the fierce debate going on in Congress: “This momentous question, like a fire bell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror. I considered it at once as the funeral bells of the Union… We have the wolf by the ears, and we can neither hold him, nor safely let him go.” Thomas Jefferson, Letter to John Holmes, April 22, 1820 Jefferson knew the ‘wolf’, or the issue of slavery, could tear the North and South apart. As settlers moved West, Congress faced an agonizing decision. Should it ban slavery in the territories and later admit them to the Union as free states? Or should it permit slavery in the territories and later admit them as slave states? This was the critical question that filled Jefferson with terror in the night. The Missouri Compromise 3 of 16.1 Printer Copy 3/2015 US History Fort Burrows In 1819, 11 free states and 11 slave states Missouri applied for statehood as a slave state; this would give slave states a majority in the Senate Northern free states opposed Missouri entering as a slave state During the lengthy congressional debate, Maine applied for statehood as a free state so Henry Clay made a proposal; The Missouri Compromise Clay’s plan called to allow both to join the Union; this would maintain balance, 12 free and 12 slave states Congress split the Louisiana Purchase; South of latitude 36◦ 30’ Latitude N could be slave states and North of the line would be only free states Missouri would be the ONLY exception ¿¿ What issues did the Missouri Compromise address ? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________. Slavery in the West Missouri Compromise only applied to the Louisiana Purchase lands After the Mexican War, Mexican Cession, vast amounts of Western lands became United States Territory 4 of 16.1 Printer Copy 3/2015 US History Fort Burrows New questions and debates began again over the question of slavery Wilmot Proviso Northern states feared slavery would extend into the ‘new’ West Congressman David Wilmot, called for a law to ban slavery in any Western Territory won from Mexico Naturally, Southern leaders opposed the law The House passed the law; the Senate defeated the law Opposing Views Abolitionists wanted total ban on slavery in all new territories Southerns wanted slavery allowed everywhere Also, most ALL Southerners, slave holders or not, agreed that runaway slaves should be returned and NOT allowed to seek freedom in the North Moderates looked for compromise; simply extend the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific Ocean – all land North must be free states, all land South could possibly be slave state Popular Sovereignty is born; under this idea, the people that lived in the territory/state would vote and decide the issue for ‘their own’ state *** popular means the majority of population as in people ¿¿ How did the slavery debate affect the West ? Northerns wanted__________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ Southerns wanted__________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ Forced____________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ The Free-Soil Party By 1848, Northern Democrats and Whigs opposed slavery but would not take a stand in fear of losing Southern support Some began to fear the slave issue may split the nation Antislavery members from BOTH parties founded the Free-Soil Party Intentions to keep slavery out of the Western territories Free-Soiler and former President ( give it up for the past prez ) Martin Van Buren Democratic unknown from the great state of Michigan…Lewwwwis Casssssss The TOP Whig among all whigs, our very own Mexican killin’ hero, from the Rio Grande Valley and the Mexican / American War, General Zachary Taylor Slavery is finally an important NATIONAL issue Van Buren called for a slavery ban in the Mexican Cession Cass supported popular sovereignty 5 of 16.1 Printer Copy 3/2015 US History Fort Burrows Zach Taylor does not speak (publicly) on the issue – since he is from Louisiana – it was assumed he was pro-slavery And the presidential winner is … Zachary Taylor, Big Whig among Whigs Although, 13 Congressional seats did go to Free-Soiler’s; slavery was now indeed a national issue 1. What was the purpose of the Missouri Compromise ? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________. 2. Why did conflict arise over the issue of slavery in the in the Western territories ? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________. 3. Why was the Free-Soil party found ? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________. 6 of 16.1 Printer Copy 3/2015
