Download Pg 65 The student`s spreadsheet is shown in Fig. 12.5. A B C D 1

Pg 65
The student’s spreadsheet is shown in Fig. 12.5.
A
Height of the car
m
Top of hill
100
80
60
40
20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
B
Gravitational
potential energy J
1118000
860000
688000
516000
344000
172000
0
Fig. 12.5.
C
Kinetic energy J
D
Speed of car m/s
0
258000
430000
602000
774000
946000
1118000
0.0
24.5
31.6
37.4
42.4
46.9
The mass of the car used in the calculations is 860g. Take , g, the gravitational field strength, as
10N/kg.
(a) (i) Explain how values for the gravitational potential energy in column B are calculated from
the values of the height of the car in column A.
(ii) Calculate the height of the top of the hill
[3]
(b) (i) State the principle of the conservation of energy.
(ii) Use this principle to explain how the values of the kinetic energy were calculated in
column C from the values in column B.
[4]
(c) Calculate the velocity of the car when the height of the car is zero.
[3]
Solution
(a) (i) Potential energy= mass x g x height
(ii) 860 x 10 x h= 1118000
h= 1118000/860 x 20 =130
Height of the top of the hill = 130m
(b) (i) Energy can be changed from one form to another but it cannot be destroyed.
(ii) Total energy of the car at any moment = its gravitational potential energy at the top of
the hill.
Hence the kinetic energy at any height = potential energy at the top-potential energy at that
height.
(c) Kinetic energy =
( ½ mv2) – don’t use equation editor?
½ x 860 x v2 = 118000
v2 = 2600
v = Square root 2600
= 51.0
Therefore(3dots) Velocity of the car = 51.0 m/s
Pg66 : Nov(2003) Paper 1
There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four
possible correct answers, A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice.
1. One oscillation of a swinging pendulum occurs when the bob moves for X to Y and back to X
again.
-insert diagramUsing a stopwatch, which would be the most accurate way to measure the time for one
oscillation of the pendulum?
A
B
C
D
Time 20 oscillations and multiply by 20
Time 20 oscillations and divide by 20
Time one oscillation
Time the motion for X to Y, and double it.
2. Which of the following defines acceleration?
A
B
C
D
Change in velocity/ Time taken
Change in speed/ Time taken
Change in distance/ Time taken
Change in distance in a fixed direction/ Time taken
3. The graph shows the movement of a car over a period of 50 s.
-insert diagramWhat was the distance travelled by the car during the time when it was moving at a steady
speed?
A
B
C
D
10m
100m
200m
400m
4. Nine bags of flour, each of mass 1.5kg, fill a box.
The box measures 0.30m x 0.24m x 0.24m and has a mass of 0.5kg.
-insert diagram-
What is the average density of the full box?
(answers in fraction form how to type)
5. A box X full of large granite rocks is weighed. An identical box Y full of small granite
chippings is then weighed.
-insert diagramHeavier box
Reason
A
X
There is more air in box X
B
X
The density of a chipping is less than a rock
C
Y
There is less air in box Y
D
Y
The density of a chipping is greater than a rock
6. Which of a property of a body cannot be changed if a force is applied to it?
A
B
C
D
its mass
its shape
its size
its velocity
Pg67
7. Which diagram correctly shows the addition of a 4 N and a 3 N force?
-insert diagram8. A student who weighs 500N climbs up a flight of stairs 10 metres high in 5 seconds.
What power does she develop?
A 500 x 10 x 5 W
Rest in fraction how to type?
9. A rock of mass 20kg is travelling in space at a speed of 6 m/s/
What is its kinetic energy?
A
B
C
D
60 J
120 J
360 J
720 J
10. The diagrams show, to the same scale, the vertical sections of a set of circular vessels, each
containing the same depth of water.
-insert diagramWhich of the following statements is correct?
A
B
C
D
The water exerts the greatest pressure on the base of vessel P.
The water exerts the greatest pressure on the base of vessel S.
The water exerts the same force on the base of each vessel.
The water exerts the same pressure on the base of each vessel.
11. Which graph shows the relationship between the pressure and volume of a fixed mass of gas
at constant temperature?
-insert diagram12. Assuming the temperature remains constant, which combination correctly describes the
volume and the shape of a gas or liquid?
Gas or liquid
Gas
Gas
Liquid
liquid
A
B
C
D
volume
Fixed
Not fixed
fixed
Not fixed
shape
Not fixed
Not fixed
Fixed
Fixed
13. Smoke particles in a transparent box are observed using a microscope. A small point of light
is seen to move around as shown.
-insert diagramWhat does this experiment demonstrate about air molecules?
A
B
C
D
They are in continuous random motion.
They can be seen through a microscope.
They move more quickly when they are heated.
They move because of collisions with smoke particles.
14. A 2kg mass of copper is heated for 40 s by a heater that produces 100 J/s.
The specific heat capacity of copper is 400 J/ (kg K).
What is the rise in temperature?
A
B
C
D
5K
10K
20K
50K
Pg68
15. In a vacuum flask, which methods of heat transfer are prevented in the vacuum?
A conduction only
B convection only
C conduction and convection only
D conduction, convection and radiation
16. The diagram shows the variation of the displacement of a wave with distance from the
source.
-insert diagramWhat is the amplitude of the wave?
A 2.0cm
B 4.0cm
C 20cm
D 40cm
17. A ray of red light enters a semi-circular glass block normal to the curved surface.
Which of the following correctly shows the partial reflection and refraction of the ray?
-insert diagram18. The diagram shows two divergent rays of light from an object O being reflected from a plane
mirror.
At which position will the image be formed?
-insert diagram19. The human eye has a converging lens system that produces an image at the back of the eye.
If the eye views a distant object, what type of image is produced?
A
B
C
D
real, erect, same size
real, inverted, diminished
virtual, erect, diminished
virtual, inverted, magnified
20. Which of the following does not produce a sound wave?
A a bell ringing under water
B a gun fired in a room with no echoes
C a hammer hitting a block of rubber
D an explosion in outer space
21. Which of the following will prove that a metal bar is a permanent magnet?
A
B
C
D
it attracts another magnet
it attracts both ends of a compass needle
it conducts electricity
it repels another magnet
22. Four metal rods are placed, in turn, inside a coil of copper wire.
-insert diagramThe table below gives the results of the experiment.
Which rod would be the most suitable to use for the core of a coil in a circuit breaker?
Metal rod
A
B
C
D
Number of paper clips picked
up when there is a current in
the coil
1
20
35
35
Number of paper clips still
attracted when the current is
switched off
0
2
0
30
23. A positively charged metal rod is brought close to an insulated metal sphere.
Which diagram best shows the induced charges on the sphere?
-insert diagram24. How could the unit of potential difference, the volt, also be written?
A A/s
B C/A
C C/J
D J/C
25. X and Y are lamps with filaments made from the same material.
The filament of lamp X is thicker and shorter than that of lamp Y.
When connected to the mains and switched on, which is the brighter lamp and which lamp
has the larger resistance?
Brighter lamp
Larger resistance
A
X
X
B
X
Y
C
Y
X
D
Y
Y
26. Diagram 1 shows a resistor connected to a battery, an ammeter and a voltmeter.
The ammeter reading is 0.5 A and the voltmeter reading is 3.0 V.
A second resistor is now connected in parallel with the first resistor, as shown in diagram 2.
-insert diagramWhich are the ammeter and voltmeter readings in the circuit shown in diagram 2?
Ammeter reading/A
Voltmeter reading/B
A
0.5
3.0
B
0.5
6.0
C
1.0
1.5
D
1.0
3.0
27. A 1.0 Ω resistor and a 2.0 Ω resistor are connected in series across a 12 V d.c. supply.
What is the current in the circuit?
A
B
C
D
0.25 A
4.0 A
6.0 A
12 A
28. The cable to an electric fan becomes so worn that the live wire makes electrical contact with
the metal case. The case is earthed. The plus to the fan contains a 5A fuse. There is a current
of 4 A when the fan works normally.
What will happen?
A The current will run to the earth and the fuse will not be affected.
B The fuse will melt and switch off the circuit.
C The metal case will become live and dangerous.
D The metal case will become very hot.
29. A small heater operates at 12 V, 2 A.
How much energy will it use when it is run for 5 minutes?
A 30 J
B 120 J
C 1800 J
D 7200 J
30. Which of the following has no effect on the size of the turning effect on the coil of an electric
motor?
A
B
C
D
the size of the current in the coil
the direction of the current in the coil
the number of turns in the coil
the strength of the magnetic field
31. The diagram shows a beam of electrons entering a magnetic field. The direction of the
magnetic field is out of the page.
-insert diagramIn which direction does the deflection of the electrons occur?
A
B
C
D
into the page
out of the page
towards the bottom of the page
towards the top of the page
Pg70
32. Why is electricity transmitted along power lines at very high voltages?
A
B
C
D
to reduce the resistance of the cables
so that transformers can be used
to make sure that the current is the same all the way along the power lines
to reduce loss of energy
33. A small coil is connected to a galvanometer as shown below. When the magnet is allowed to
fall towards the coil, the galvanometer pointer gives a momentary deflection to the right of
the zero position.
The magnet moves through the coil and, as it falls away from the coil, the galvanometer
pointer –insert diagram at sideA gives a continuous reading to the left.
B gives a momentary deflection to the left.
C gives a momentary deflection to the right.
D gives a continuous reading to the right.
34. A simple a.c. generator produces a voltage that varies with time as shown.
-insert diagramWhich graph shows how the voltage varies with time when the generator rotates at twice
the original speed?
-insert diagrams35. The diagram shows a circuit.
-insert diagramWhat are the components of X and Y?
X
Y
A
Fuse
Resistor
B
Lamp
Variable resistor
C
Light-dependant resistor
Light-emitting diode
D
Light-dependant resistor
Variable resistor
36. The following trace is shown on the screen of an oscilloscope when it is connected to a
transformer. The scale is set at 5 V per centimetre.
-insert diagramWhat is the value of the peak voltage?
A 4V
B 5V
C 10 V
D 20 V
37. The diagram shows a circuit with a potential divider joined in the series with a fixed resistor.
What are the minimum and maximum readings that can be obtained on the voltmeter when
the potential divider is adjusted? – insert diagram-
A
B
C
D
Minimum reading/ V
0
0
2
6
Maximum reading/ V
2
6
4
12
Pg71
38. X, Y and Z are three types of radiation.
X is almost completely absorbed by 5 cm lead but not by 5 mm aluminium.
Y is almost completely absorbed by 5 mm aluminium but not by think card.
Z is absorbed by thin card.
What are X, Y and Z?
X
Y
Z
A
alpha
beta
gamma
B
beta
alpha
gamma
C
gamma
alpha
beta
D
gamma
beta
alpha
39. Nucleus (225/90 X) decays to nucleus Y with the emission of two alpha-particles and one
beta-particle.
What is the composition of nucleus Y?
(how to type D: )
40. Three nuclei P, Q and R have proton numbers (atomic numbers) and nucleon numbers (mass
numbers) as shown.
Proton number
Nucleon number
P
43
93
Q
43
94
R
44
94
Which nuclei are isotopes of the same element?
A
B
C
D
Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
B
A
C
D
C
A
A
B
C
D
C
B
A
A
C
A
D
B
B
D
D
C
C
D
B
D
B
B
D
P and Q only
P and R only
Q and R only
P, Q and R
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
B
C
D
B
A
D
C
A
D
B
A
Paper 2: Section A
Answer all the questions in this section
1. A small spacecraft, known as Beagle 2, is to land on the planet Mars.
As the spacecraft enters the planet’s atmosphere, it slows down. When the speed reaches
1600km/h, parachutes open and friction with the atmosphere increases. The spacecraft
eventually reaches a steady speed, and then finally it hits the surface.
(a) On the axes of fig 1.1., complete the speed-time graph for the spacecraft. The
parachutes open at time t1, and the spacecraft hits the surface of Mars at time t2. –
insert diagram[2]
(b) State what is meant by a gravitational field.
[2]
(c) The mass of the spacecraft is 65 kg. At one point the gravitational field strength of Mars
is 3.0 N/kg and the total upwards force on the spacecraft is 500 N.
Determine
(i) The weight of the spacecraft,
(ii) The resultant force on the spacecraft,
(iii) The deceleration of the spacecraft.
[4]
Solution
(a) –insert diagram(b) Gravitational field is the region around the planet a body is attracted towards the planet.
(c) (i) The weight of the spacecraft = 65 x 3
= 195 N
(ii) The deceleration of the spacecraft = resultant force/mass
= 305/65
= 4.69 m/s2
(missing answers)
2. (a) Fig. 2.1 shows the same vertical force of 200 N exerted by a cyclist on the pedal of a
bicycle in three different positions A, B and C.
-insert diagramState the position A, B or C in which the force exerts the largest moment about the pivot.
Give a reason for your answer.
[2]
(b) Fig 2.2 shows a support for a leg in plaster and Fig 2.3 shows a simplified diagram of the
forces acting on the leg.
-insert diagramCalculate the force F needed to keep the leg in a horizontal position.
[3]
Solution
(a)
Position C
The distance between the line of action of the force and the pivot is the largest. Moment =
Force x distance.
(b)
F x 80 =120 x 34
F = (120 X 34)/80 = 51 N
3.
Fig 3.1 shows words seen through
a lens. Fig 3.2 shows the same words without the lens.
-insert diagrams(a)
State the two properties of the
image formed by the lens.
(b)
[2]
On Fig 3.3m sketch a ray diagram
to show how the image in Fig 3.1 was formed by the lens. Mark clearly the focal length
of the lens and the image formed.
[3]
-insert diagram-
Solution
(a)
(i) Magnified
(ii) Right-way-up
(b)
–insert diagram-
4.
A sound wave in air is illustrated in
Fig. 4.1
-insert diagramPoints A, B ,C and D are at the centres of regions of compression. [2]
(a)
Describe what happens as one
complete sound wave moves past a point.
(b)
The sound wave in Fig. 4.1 has
frequency 2000 Hz and speed 320 m/s.
(i)
(ii)
points A and D.
State clearly any equation that you use
(c)
Define the frequency of a wave.
Calculate the distance between
[5]
The time taken for one oscillation
in another sound wave is 2.0 m s.
Calculate the frequency of this wave. State clearly any equation that you use. [2]
Solution
(a)
When the wave passes a point,
the air particles move closer and come to the closest point causing a compression. After that
the particles move away causing the vibration of the particles.
(b)
(i) The frequency of a wave is the
number of them passing a point in a second.
(iii)
The distance between A and D
= 3 wavelengths
= 3 x (320/2000)
= 0.48m
(c)
Frequency
= 1/period
= 1/(2/1000)
= 500 Hz
5.
A thin-walled plastic bottle is
sealed and contains dry air at atmospheric pressure.
(a)
Explain how the molecules of air
inside the bottle exert a pressure on the walls. [2]
(b)
Ice is placed inside the bottle, and
the bottle is then sealed again. The temperature of the air inside the bottle falls and the
bottle becomes partially crushed. Explain, in terms of the molecules of the air inside and
outside the bottle, why this happens. [4]
Solution
(a)
The molecules of air inside the
bottle are in continuous random motion. These molecules collide with the walls of the bottle
causing a force and hence a pressure.
(b)
Ice absorbs energy from the air.
The less energetic air molecules move about at lower speed causing less pressure on the
inside walls. The higher external pressure on the walls crushes the bottle.
6.
Fig. 6.1 shows a small plotting
compass placed above a copper wire. When there is no current in the wire, the plotting
compass points towards the North.
(a)
A large current is switched on in
the wire. The direction of the current is shown in Fig. 6.1.
(i)
State what happens to the
compass needle.
(ii)
State what happens if the
compass is placed under the wire. [3]
-insert diagram(b) State and explain what is observed if there is a 50 Hz alternating current in the wire. [2]
Solution
(a)
(i) The compass needle deflects to
the left and remains stationary.
(ii) There will be an equal deflection but in the opposite direction.
(b)
The compass needle appears to
shiver. The needle tries to point left and right alternately 50 times a second. This cannot be
done by the needle causing the shivering.
7.
Fig. 7.1 shows a coil ABCD that can
turn between the two poles of a magnet. Bare metal paper clips support and pass current
into and out of the coil.
-insert diagram(a)
(i) State the direction of the force
on the side AB.
(ii) Explain the reason for your choice of direction [2]
(b)
A student turns the coil through
180degrees so that AB is close to the N pole of the magnet.
(i)
State the direction of the force on
side AB of the coil.
(ii)
The student releases the coil.
Explain why the coil does not rotate continuously. [2]
(c)
With the coil as shown in Fig.7.1, t
he top half of the wire from C to the paper clip is coated with an insulator, as shown in
Fig.7.2. Explain why the coil can now rotate continuously.
[2]
-insert diagram-
Pg74
Solution
(a)
(i) Upwards
(ii) The Left Hand Rule gives the direction of force when the fields due to the magnet and the
current in the conductor interact.
(b)
(i) Upwards
(ii) When the current flows, the side AB moves upwards when it in either direction. Hence
the coil oscillates.
(c)
When the coil comes in the
position so that AB is close to the N pole of the magnet, the insulator on top is in contact wit
the clip. As no current passes, no force is produced,. Hence the coil continues to turn due to
its momentum.
8.
Fig. 8.1 shows a simple
transformer used to light a lamp. The lamp is labeled 24 V, 36 W.
-insert diagramWhen the mains supply is switched on, the lamp is very dim.
(a)
State 2 ways in which the
potential difference across the lamp can be increased without changing the mains
supply. [2]
(b)
Explain why the core is made from
iron rather than steel.
[1]
(c)
For the lamp operating at the
correct brightness, calculate
(i)
The current in the secondary coil
(j)
The current in the primary coil.
Assume that the transformer is ideal. [3]
Solution
(a)
1. Increase the number of turns in
the secondary coil.
2. Decrease the number of turns in the primary coil.
(b) Iron loses magnetism as soon as the primary current is switched off. But steel retains its
magnetism.
(c) (i) I x 24 = 36
Current, I =36/24
=1.5 A
(iii)
Current in the primary coil =
36/240
= 0.15 A
Section B
Answer all the questions in this section. Q11 has a choice of section to answer.
9.
Fig.9.1 shows a circuit that turns
on a pump. The pump is used to water some plants.
-insert diagram-
When the output form the NOR gate is high, the water pump is on. The soil contacts are
buried in the soil near the plants. When the soil dries, the logic state of input B changes from
high (logic 1) to low (logic 0)
(a)
(i)
Explain why the logic state
of input B is low when the soil is dry.
(ii)
Explain why the logic state of
input A is low when it is dark and high when it is bright.
[3]
(b)
Complete the truth table for the
NOR gate.
Input A
0
0
1
1
Input B
0
2
0
1
Output Q
[2]
(c)
The water pump is on. State
The logic levels of input A, input B
(i)
and output Q,
(ii)
The light level (dark or bright) and
the soil condition (wet or dry).
(d)
[2]
The resistance of R1 is increased.
State and explain how this affects the light level needed for the pump to switch on.
[3]
Solution
(a)
(i) Dry soil is a poor conductor of
electricity
(ii) In the dark, the LDR has a high resistance and when it is bright, the LDR has low
resistance.
(b)
The table
Input A
Input B
Output Q
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
(c)
(i) Input A – low
Input B - low
Input C – high
(ii) light level - dark
(iii) soil condition - dry
(d)
If R1 is increased, the LDR must be
really in the dark as even slightly bright may cause the output Q to be high.
10.
Fig. 10.1 shows a refrigerator.
-insert diagramA fluid pumped through the pipes takes thermal energy (heat) out of the ice box. This energy
passes into the air at the back of the refrigerator through the back metal fins.
(a)
(i) Explain how the ice box at the
top of the refrigerator keeps the whole of the food compartment cool.
(ii) Explain why the fins are black.
[4]
(b)
A plastic ice tray has 16 sections
filled with water. When placed in the ice box, the water freezes to form ice cubes. Each
section contains a mass of 20g of water that is initially completely liquid at a
temperature of 0°C.
(i)
Calculate the amount of energy
that must be taken from the tray of water in the tray to become ice at 0°C.
(ii)
State why the heat capacity of the
plastic tray does not affect the answer to (i).
(iii)
The ice box takes energy from the
water at a rate of 30 W. Estimate the time taken for all the water in the tray to
become ice.
[6]
Solution
(a)
(i) When the ice box at the top is
cooled, the cool air being denser than the war air, sinks to the food compartment. The warm
air there in rises and get cooled in turn.
(ii) Black surfaces radiate heat energy readily.
(b)
(i) Total mass of water in the
frog(?!?!?!) = 16 x 20
= 320 g
Energy to be removed = ml
= 320 x 330
= 105 600 J
(ii) The plastic tray remains at 0°C throughout and hence no change in its temperature.
(iii) Total energy removed = 105 600 J
Therefore Time taken = 105600/30
= 3520 s
11.
EITHER
Read the article below and answer the questions.
Undersea cable systems transport telephone conversations.
Telephone conversations are carried across the oceans of the world as brief pulses of light in
cables that contain hair-thin fibre optic strands. These strands are made from glass covered
by a cladding that is protected by an outer casing, as shown in Fig.11.1. IF the speed of light
in the cladding is greater than in the core, total internal reflection occurs and all the light is
then confined to the core.
-insert diagramThe transmission of light in not 100% efficient as it passes down the fibre since light is
absorbed by impurities in the glass. If light travels through 75 km of glass, then only 10% of
the signal arrives at the other end. Over long distances, the light signal has to be booasted at
underwater repeaters that are powered by an electric current sent along a metal sheath
inside the cable. The repeaters are connected in series with the same current of 0.80 A
through each and a potential difference of 40 V across each repeater. In a typical 7500 km
undersea cable there are 100 repeaters. Each kilometer of the metal sheath has a resistance
of 0.70Ω and some of the energy provided by the supply is lost as thermal energy (heat) in
the sheath.
-insert diagram(a)
State why repeaters are necessary
along an undersea cable.
[1]
(b)
Explain how the difference in
speed of light and the cladding causes total internal reflection to occur. You may use
diagrams to help your explanation.
[3]
(c)
Determine, for a 7500 km
undersea cable,
(i)
The total potential difference
across all the repeaters,
(ii)
The total potential difference
across the resistance of the metal sheath,
(iii)
The potential difference provided
by the power supply,
(iv)
The thermal energy (heat) lost per
second from each kilometer of the metal sheath.
[6]
OR
This question is about the measurement and dangers of radioactivity.
(a)
A student measures the
radioactive emissions from a source with the apparatus shown in Fig 11.3. The computer is
able to count the number of particles entering the Geiger-Mvller tube in any specified time
interval.
-insert diagramThe student has a soruce emitting alpha particles. The source is shown to have a half-life of
about one hour. Suggest how the student can measure this half-life.
You should
(i)
is taken into account,
(ii)
taken,
Suggest how background radiation
Suggest what readings should be
(iii)
Suggest how long the experiment
should last,
(iv)
Explain how the half-life is found
from the readings.
(b)
[6]
(i) State one precaution the
students should take when handling or storing radioactive sources.
(ii) The effects of radiation on the human body depend on the properties of the radiation.
Explain why a source emitting alpha particles inside the body is more dangerous than a
source of the same activity emitting gamma rays inside the body.
[4]
Solution
EITHER
(a)
Energy is absorbed by impurities
in glass and only 10% of the signal is received after it travels 75 km in glass.
(b)
–insert diagramWhen the light travels from glass into the cladding it bends away from the normal as in fig.
(i).
When the angle of incidence is equal to the critical angle for glass, the ray travels as in fig. (ii).
When the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle, as in fig.(iii), total internal
reflection occurs.
(c)
(i) The total potential difference =
40 x 100
= 4000 V
(ii) P.d. across the resistance of the metal sheath
= (7500 x 0.7 x 0.8) -4000
= 4200 -4000
= 200 V
(iii) P.d. provided by the power supply = 4200 V
(iv) The energy lost per s from each km
IV = 0.8 x (200/75)
= 6.4 /3
= 2.13 J
OR
(a)
First the radioactive source is not
placed near to the Geiger-Mvller tube.
The number of particles entering the Geiger-mvller tube per minute is recorded, after
setting up the computer to read the particles per minute. Record three consecutive readings
and take the average. The gives the background radiation. Now place the radioactive source
in place and record the computer readings, which is the particles from the source plus the
background radiation. Repeat the recordings every ½ hour for 4 hours, each time taking 3
consecutive readings and calculating the average.
Background radiation:
Time in h
No. of particles (average)
(Excluding background radiation)
0
½
1
.
.
.
.
4
Draw the graph of number of particles against time in h.
Calculate the half-life from the graph. This is the time for the radiation rate to become half
the value.
(b)
(i) The radioactive source should
not be touched directly, instead it is handled using long tongs or remote control.
(ii) The gamma rays will pass through the body tissues. But α(alpha)- particles are absorbed
by the tissue and cause harm.
November (2004) PAPER 1
There are 40 questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each questions there are four possible
answers A, B, C and D. choose the one you consider correct and record your choice.
1.
The diagram shows part of
avernier scale.
What is the correct reading?
A
B
C
D
30.5 mm
33.5 mm
38.0 mm
42.5 mm
-insert diagram2.
The diagrams show the same
object on a smooth table. Four different pairs of forces act on the object.
Which pair of forces cause the greatest acceleration?
-insert diagram-
3.
The graph shows the first five
seconds of a car journey.
-insert diagramHow far did the car travel in the first three seconds?
A 6m
B 9m
C 15 m
D 18 m
4.
Trolley X and trolley Y are joined
by a stretched spring. Trolley X has twice the mass of trolley Y.
-insert diagramWhen the trolleys are released, the acceleration of X is 2m/s2 to the right.
What is the initial acceleration of trolley Y to the left?
A
B
C
D
5.
1 m/s2
2 m/s2
3 m/s2
4 m/s2
The wheel of a moving car is
driven by the engine. The car is accelerating in the direction shown.
-insert diagramIn which direction does the frictional force act on the wheel?
6.
The gravitational field strength is 2
N/kg on the Moon and 10 N/kg on the Earth.
An astronaut returns from the Moon to the Earth.
What effect does this have on the astronaut’s mass and weight?
A
B
C
D
7.
Mass
Less on Earth
More on Earth
Same on Earth and Moon
Same on Earth and Moon
Weight
Same on Earth and Moon
Same on Earth and Moon
Less on Earth
Less on Earth
Four blocks, each made from a
different material, are placed on scales and balanced as shown in the diagrams below.
In which diagram does the block have the greatest density?
-insert diagram-
Pg78
8.
A load is to be moved using a
wheelbarrow. The total mass of the load and the wheelbarrow is 60 kg. The gravitational
field strength is 10 N/kg.
-insert diagramWhat is the size of force F needed just to lift the loaded wheelbarrow?
A 350 N
B 430 N
C 600 N
D 840 N
9.
A girl uses paper-clips to balance a
toy bird on her finger as shown.
What if the effect of the paper-clips?
-insert diagramA
B
C
D
They help to raise the centre of gravity above her finger.
They help to raise the centre of gravity to her finger.
They help to lower the centre of gravity below her finger.
They do not affect the centre of gravity but increase the weight.
10.
A car of mass 800kg is being
driven along a level road.
The engine supplies a forward force of 3600 N and the total resistive force is 2000 N.
-insert diagramWhat is the acceleration of the car?
A
B
C
D
11.
2.0 m/s2
2.5 m/s2
4.5 m/s2
7.0 m/s2
The diagram shows a small car of
mass 500 kg approaching a hill. It moves up the hill with uniform speed.
-insert diagramIgnore friction and take the value of g to be 10 N/kg.
How much work is done in moving the car up the hill?
A
B
C
D
5 x 103 J
5 x 104 J
1 x 105 J
1 x 106 J
12.
The diagram shows a mercury
barometer.
Two students carry the mercury barometer from the 1st floor to the 20th floor of a block of
flats. They notice that the height h of the mercury column decreases.
Why is this?
A
B
C
D
Air pressure has increased.
Some mercury has evaporated.
There is less air above them.
They are climbing quickly.
13.
When a 300 N force is applied to a
box weighing 600 N, the box moves 3.0 m horizontally in 20s.
-insert diagramWhat is the average power?
A
B
C
D
45 W
90 W
900 W
1800 W
14.
Which would be the least likely to
sink into soft ground?
A
B
C
D
15.
a loaded lorry with four wheels.
a loaded lorry with six wheels.
an empty lorry with four wheels.
an empty lorry with six wheels.
Water of depth 10 m exerts a
pressure equal to atmospheric pressure. An air bubble rises to the surface of the lake which
is 20 m deep.
When the bubble reaches the surface, its volume is 6 cm3.
What was the volume of the air bubble at the bottom of the lake?
A
B
C
D
16.
2 cm3
3 cm3
12 cm3
18 cm3
A student has three sealed plastic
bags. One bag is full of gas, one of liquid and one of solid.
The student squeezes each bag to see if it changes shape, and warms each bag to see if it
expands.
-insert diagramWhich bag contains gas?
A
B
C
D
17.
the one that changes shape easily and expands the least when heated
the one that changes shape easily and expands the most when heated
the one that is fixed in shape and expands the least when heated
the one that is fixed in shape and expands the most when heated
Some oxygen gas is in a sealed
container that has a constant volume.
What will happen to the oxygen molecules when the gas is heated?
A
B
C
D
18.
They will expand.
They will move more quickly.
They will move further apart.
They will become more dense.
A new liquid is tested to decide
whether it is suitable for use in a liquid-in-glass thermometer.
It is found that the liquid does not expand uniformly with temperature.
What will be the effect of this on the scale of the thermometer?
A
B
C
D
It has a short range.
It is not linear.
The markings are too close together.
They markings are too far apart.
19.
What surrounds the bulb of a
thermometer when marking the upper and lower fixed points?
Upper fixed point 100°C
Lower fixed point 0°C
A
Boiling water
Pure melting ice
B
Boiling water
Salt and ice
C
steam
Pure melting ice
D
steam
Salt and ice
20.
Heat energy is supplied at the
same rate to 100 g of paraffin and to 100g of water in similar containers.
Why does the temperature of the paraffin rise more quickly?
A
B
C
D
The paraffin has a larger specific heat capacity than water.
The paraffin has a smaller specific heat capacity than water.
The paraffin is less dense than water.
The paraffin is more dense than water.
21.
A teacher has a large tank of
water in which he wants to set up a convection current.
Which of the following arrangements would do this?
-insert diagramA
B
C
D
cooling at X
cooling at Y
heating at Y
heating at Z
22.
The diagram shows a graph of
wave motion.
-insert diagramWhich quantities are shown by distances P and Q?
P
A
Amplitude
B
Amplitude
C
Half the amplitude
D
Half the amplitude
23.
Q
Period
Wavelength
Period
Wavelength
The diagrams shows two rays of
light entering a glass block.
-insert diagramWhich equation is correct?
(INSERT EQUATIONS
24.
A pin is placed in front of, and to
the right of, a plane mirror as shown.
Where is the image of the pin?
-insert diagram-
25.
A students uses a converging lens
to produce an enlarged virtual image of a scale she wishes to read accurately. The focal
length of the lens is 10 cm.
What is a suitable distance between the scale and the lens?
A
B
C
D
8 cm
10 cm
15 cm
20 cm
26.
Which type of electromagnetic
radiation travels at the highest speed through a vacuum?
A
B
C
D
gamma rays
light waves
radio waves
none – all have the same speed
27.
A bar magnet is broken into three
parts X, Y and Z.
-insert diagramWhich diagram shows the poles in X, Y and Z?
-insert diagram-
28.
The potential difference between
the ends of a conductor is 12 V.
How much electrical energy is converted to othe forms of energy in the conductor when 100
C of charge flows through it?
A
B
C
D
29.
0.12 J
8.3 J
88 J
1200 J
A wire of length 1.0 m has a
resistance of 2.0 Ω. When connected to a cell, the current in the wire is 3.0 A.
-insert diagramA 2.0 m length of the same wire is connected to the same cell.
-insert diagramWhat is the resistance of the wire and the current in it?
resistance
Current
A
1.0Ω
1.5 A
B
1.0 Ω
3.0 A
C
4.0 Ω
1.5 A
D
4.0 Ω
3.0 A
30.
In the circuit shown, at which
point is the current the smallest?
-insert diagram-
31.
The diagram shows identical
lamps X and Y connected in series with a battery. The lamps light with normal brightness.
A third lamp Z is connected in parallel with lamp X.
What happens to the brightness of lamp Y?
-insert diagramA
B
C
D
brighter than normal
normal
dimmer than normal
very dim (cannot be seen)