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Microbiology Questions
1. To which kingdom do yeasts belong?
2. To which kingdom does Rhizopus belong?
3. What term is used for the form of asexual reproduction in bacteria?
4. Describe two ways in which the skin helps to defend the body against pathogenic microorganisms.
5. What does the term pathogenic mean in relation to bacteria?
6. What do bacteria form when environmental conditions become unfavourable?
7. Other than being prokaryotic, state two ways in which a typical bacterial cell differs from a
typical human cell (e.g. cell from cheek lining).
8. What are antibiotics?
9. Describe how some bacteria respond in order to survive when environmental conditions become
unfavourable.
10. What is meant when a bacterium is described as being pathogenic?
11. To which kingdom do bacteria belong?
12. Distinguish between photosynthetic and chemosynthetic bacteria. Give an example of each type.
13. Name two forms of heterotrophic nutrition found in bacteria.
14. Explain what is meant by antibiotic resistance and suggest how it may develop.
15. What is a nutrient medium?
16. Give two meanings for the term sterile.
17. What is an antibiotic?
18. Antibiotics should not be prescribed for a person suffering from a viral infection. Suggest a
reason for this.
19. Give examples of two harmful bacteria.
20. Briefly explain chemosynthesis.
21. Give two activities of symbiotic bacteria in the human digestive system.
22. What is meant by sterile?
23. How may apparatus be sterilised?
24. State one way in which yeast is beneficial to humans.
25. Name the nutrient medium on which you grew yeast
26. Give two industrial uses of the anaerobic respiration of yeast.
27. State one feature that indicates that Rhizopus belongs to the kingdom Fungi.
28. Yeasts are eukaryotic organisms. What does this mean?
29. To which kingdom do yeasts belong?
30. Saprophytic and parasitic fungi are widespread in nature. Explain each of the underlined terms.
31. Give one example of a beneficial fungus and one example of a harmful fungus.
32. State a function for each of the following structures that are found in fungi; rhizoid, sporangium,
gametangium, zygospore.
33. What term is used to describe the nutrition of Rhizopus? Explain the importance of this type of
nutrition in nature.
34. To what kingdom does Rhizopus belong?
35. Name another organism that you have studied in your biology course that belongs to the same
kingdom as Rhizopus.
36. Distinguish between hypha and mycelium.
37. What are antibiotics? For what purpose are they used?
38. In the case of alkaline pyrogallol or an anaerobic jar state:
1.
An investigation in which you used it,
2.
The precise purpose for its use in the investigation that you have indicated.
39. What type of asexual reproduction is shown in yeast?
40. Which type of division, mitosis or meiosis, is involved in budding?
41. Name a fungus, other than yeast, that you studied during your course.
42. What are symbiotic bacteria?
43. What is fermentation?
44. To which kingdom does Rhizopus belong?
45. Name the container in which you grew the leaf yeast.
46. Give an example of a beneficial organism and of a harmful organism that belong to the same
kingdom as Rhizopus.
47. In the case of starch or skimmed milk agar plates state the following:
1.
An investigation in which you used it,
2.
The precise purpose for its use in the investigation that you have indicated.
48. To which kingdom does Amoeba belong?
49. What does the animal plankton feed on?
50. Distinguish between batch and continuous flow food processing using micro-organisms in the
food industry.
51. To which kingdom does Rhizopus belong?
52. Which term describes the mode of nutrition of Rhizopus?
53. What is the function of flagella on bacteria?
54. Name any two of the main bacterial types (shapes).
55. By which method do bacterial cells reproduce?
56. Some bacteria are anaerobic. What does this mean?
57. What are pathogenic bacteria?
58. Give two example of the economic importance of bacteria.
59. Explain how Rhizopus gets its food.
60. What form of heterotrophic nutrition does Rhizopus have?
61. Outline the importance of this type of nutrition in nature.
62. To what kingdom does Rhizopus belong?
63. Name one economically harmful fungus.
64. Mushrooms also belong to this kingdom. A restaurant owner decides to collect and cook wild
mushrooms from a local forest. Suggest one reason why this may not be a good idea.
65. To which kingdom do bacteria belong?
66. For which purpose did you use petroleum jelly in the investigation of the growth of leaf yeast on
agar plates?
67. For which purpose did you use antiseptic wash solution in the investigation of the growth of leaf
yeast on agar plates?
68. Rhizopus is a member of the animal kingdom.
T or
F
69. Draw a labelled diagram of a single, reproducing, yeast cell.
70. From what plant can you obtain the yeast for the leaf yeast experiment?
71. Name the nutrient medium on which you grew the yeast for the leaf yeast experiment.
72. Outline the steps you followed to get the yeast cells onto the nutrient medium.
73. How long did it take for the yeast to become visible on the nutrient medium?
74. How did you recognise the yeast on the agar plates?
75. Describe one aseptic technique.
76. In relation to the fungus Rhizopus, give the function of the :
(i) rhizoids,
(ii) sporangium
77. Explain why the reproduction associated with the sporangium is asexual.
78. The nutrition of Rhizopus is described as being saprophytic. What does the term saprophytic
mean?
79. Explain the importance of saprophytic nutrition in the overall scheme of nature.
80. Saprophytic nutrition is a form of heterotrophic nutrition. What does the term heterotrophic
mean?
81. Name another form of nutrition employed by some fungi.
82. Give two examples of harmful members of the kingdom Fungi.
83. Are fungi prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
84. Name one structure in plant cells not found in fungi.
85. What is the purpose of using agar when growing fungi or bacteria in the laboratory?
86. Suggest one reason why leaf yeasts are more plentiful in July than in March.
87. Describe how you introduced the leaf yeasts into agar plates.
88. What was the precise purpose of a control in this investigation?
89. How did you recognise the leaf yeasts when they appeared on the agar?
90. How did you safely dispose of the plates at the end of the investigation?
91. Sexual reproduction in Rhizopus is normally triggered by an adverse environmental stimulus.
Suggest one such stimulus.
92. Give two advantages to Rhizopus of zygospore formation.
93. What term is used to describe the process of asexual reproduction in yeast?
94. What happens to the new cells formed in the process named above?
95. How does asexual reproduction in Rhizopus differ from that in yeast?
96. State (a) one function of the contractile vacuole, (b) one function of the pseudopod, of Amoeba.
97. Give one difference between a plant cell and an amoeba.
98. Suggest one advantage of classifying organisms.
99. Name the kingdom to which bacteria belong.
100.
Give one example of the economic importance of bacteria.
101.
Draw a large labelled diagram of a typical bacterial cell.
102.
Bacteria may be classified by their shape.
103.
Name any two bacterial shapes.
104.
Name the method by which bacteria reproduce.
105.
What are pathogenic bacteria?
106.
State two factors affecting the growth of bacteria.
107.
Give two functions of structure B.
108.
Describe the role of part C in the reproduction of Rhizopus.
109.
What is meant by saprophytic nutrition?
110.
Give one beneficial use of fungi.
111.