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Krause English 1 Poetry Terms This is not a comprehensive list of terms used to discuss the techniques used by a poet, but a list of common terms used. Of course, not every term is relevant for every poem, but each bold-faced term should at least be considered for each poem. Diction The vocabulary chosen by the poet. Denotation The dictionary meaning(s) of a word; the literal meaning Connotation The meanings the word suggested beyond its literal meaning Imagery Sense experience represented through language Visual imagery, Sound imagery, Scent imagery, Taste imagery, Tactile (touch) imagery, Internal imagery (hunger, fatigue, nausea, etc.) Figurative Language Language using figures of speech; that is, non-literal uses of language Simile A comparison using like or as; the comparison is directly expressed Metaphor An implied comparison between two unlike objects; the comparison is not directly expressed, but created when a figurative term is substituted for or identified with the literal term. Personification Giving the attributes of a human being to an animal, object, or concept. Symbol Something that means more than what it is; an element of the poem that means what it is and something more, too. The meaning of a symbol extends from the parameters of the poem; a reader cannot simply make a symbol mean anything. Whatever our interpretation of a symbol within a poem, it must be tied firmly to the facts of the poem. Irony Verbal irony: saying or implying the opposite of what one means Dramatic irony: the difference between what a speaker says and what the poem or situation means. Sarcasm Bitter, mean-spirited speech intended to hurt feelings; when it is used, the opposite of what is said is meant. Apostrophe Addressing someone absent or dead or something nonhuman as if it were present and alive and could reply Mood The emotional atmosphere within the poem produced by the poet’s use of language Tone The poet’s or speaker’s attitude towards the subject, the reader, or himself/herself Rhythm Any wavelike recurrence of motion or sound Stress When prominence is given to a particular syllable in pronunciation End-stopped Line The end of line of poetry corresponds with a natural speech pause Run-on Line A poetry line in which the sense/idea of the line moves on without pause to the next line Caesura A pause that occurs within a line, either grammatical or rhetorical Meter Identifying characteristics of rhythmic language; metrical poetry is arranged so that the accents of the language occur at equal intervals. Sound Used to reinforce or enhance meaning and intensify communication Onomatopoeia Words whose sound in some way suggest their meaning Euphony Smooth and pleasant sounding effect; vowels are musical tones and tend to be pleasing Cacophony Rough and harsh sounding effects Pattern Selection and arrangement of language to communicate the chaos of experience Continuous Form Design is slight; The lines follow each other without formal groupings, with breaks dictated by units of meaning. Stanza Form Poetry written in stanzas, repeated units having the same number of lines and usually the same meter and rhyme Fixed Form A traditional pattern applied to a whole poem, such as a sonnet Krause English 1 Poetry Terms This is not a comprehensive list of terms used to discuss the techniques used by a poet, but a list of common terms used. Of course, not every term is relevant for every poem, but each bold-faced term should at least be considered for each poem.