Download A Time to Review The Thirties and Forties

US History/Napp
A Time to Review – The Thirties and Forties
Name: _________________
1. As part of the New Deal, the Securities
and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
(FDIC) were created to
(1) allow for a quick recovery of stock prices
(2) provide direct loans to businesses
(3) protect individual investors from stock
fraud and bank failure
(4) allow banks and companies to invest in
the stock market
2. Senator Huey Long, Dr. Francis
Townsend, and Father Charles Coughlin
are best known as
(1) members of President Franklin D.
Roosevelt’s cabinet
(2) outspoken critics of President Franklin
D. Roosevelt’s New Deal
(3) supporters of President Franklin D.
Roosevelt’s reelection campaign in 1940
(4) members of the Supreme Court
nominated by President Franklin D.
Roosevelt
3. The “cash and carry” policy and the
Lend-Lease Act were used by the United
States to
(1) help fund League of Nations efforts to
maintain peace
(2) encourage British appeasement of
Germany
(3) fulfill treaty obligations with Great
Britain and France
(4) provide support for the Allies in World
War II without entering the war
4. What was a basic cause of the Great
Depression of the 1930s?
(1) Too many antitrust laws were passed.
(2) Tariffs on foreign manufactured goods
were reduced.
(3) The distribution of income was unequal.
(4) Immigration was not limited.
5. The entrance of the United States into
World War II was preceded by
(1) President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s
successful effort to end the Holocaust in
Europe
(2) unauthorized presidential use of United
States troops in Japan
(3) American aid to help Great Britain
defend itself against German aggression
(4) legislation encouraging the immigration
of war refugees
6. As a result of the presidency of Franklin
D. Roosevelt, the Constitution was amended
to
(1) correct problems with the electoral
college
(2) lower the voting age to eighteen years
(3) limit the number of terms a person can
serve as president
(4) end the use of poll taxes in presidential
Elections
7. The internment of Japanese Americans
during World War II illustrates that
(1) the Supreme Court can be relied on to
defend civil rights
(2) threats to national security are often
ignored by the government
(3) minorities are not allowed to enlist in the
United States military
(4) civil liberties are sometimes limited
during times of national crisis
8. Which action is an example of
international appeasement?
(1) Congress authorizing the Manhattan
Project
(2) Japan attacking Pearl Harbor
(3) Germany signing a nonaggression pact
with the Soviet Union
(4) Great Britain and France agreeing to
Hitler’s demand for part of Czechoslovakia
9. President Franklin D. Roosevelt referred
to December 7, 1941, as “a date which will
live in infamy” because on that day
(1) Germany invaded Poland
(2) Japan attacked Pearl Harbor
(3) Italy declared war on the United States
(4) the United States dropped an atomic
bomb on Hiroshima
10. In Korematsu v. United States (1944), the
Supreme Court upheld the military order
excluding Japanese Americans from the
West Coast on the basis that the action was
considered
(1) a matter of national security
(2) a necessity for the economy
(3) an attempt to limit immigration from
Japan
(4) a way to protect Japanese Americans
from anti-Japanese hysteria
11. After World War II, what was one
important result of the Servicemen’s
Readjustment Act (GI Bill)?
(1) Many veterans attended college.
(2) The demand for housing
decreased.
(3) Defense industries recruited more
women.
(4) Women became eligible for the
draft.
12. The League of Nations and the United
Nations were both formed with the goal of
(1) preventing wars through peaceful
negotiations
(2) prohibiting the development of nuclear
weapons
(3) monitoring the world’s monetary
systems
(4) supporting the spread of democracy
13. Which factor contributed most to the
repeal of national Prohibition in 1933?
(1) the inability of government to enforce
the law
(2) an improvement in the economy
(3) a decline in organized crime
(4) the start of World War II
14.
• Banning loans to nations at war
• Prohibiting the sale of armaments to
nations at war
• Limiting travel by United States citizens on
ships of belligerent nations
These governmental actions of the 1930s
were similar in that each was intended to
(1) support efforts of the Munich
Conference
(2) protect United States colonies from
foreign aggression
(3) limit the influence of Japan in Asia
(4) keep the United States out of
international conflicts
15. The major reason for President Harry
Truman’s decision to use atomic bombs
against Japan was the
(1) potential loss of American lives from an
invasion of Japan
(2) need to defeat Japan before defeating
Germany
(3) plan to bring democratic government to
Japan after the war
(4) failure of the island-hopping campaign
against Japan
16. President Franklin D. Roosevelt said the
United States needed to become the “great
arsenal of democracy” mainly because he
was trying to
(1) increase the number of Supreme Court
justices
(2) assist the Allied nations
(3) limit the influence of the defense
industry
(4) gain public support for a third term
17. …War criminals and those who have
participated in planning or carrying out
Nazi enterprises involving or resulting in
atrocities or war crimes shall be arrested
and brought to judgment. Nazi leaders,
influential Nazi supporters and high officials
of Nazi organizations and institutions and
any other persons dangerous to the
occupation or its objectives shall be arrested
and interned…
~ Protocol of the Proceedings, Potsdam
Conference, August 1945
20. Changes in policies during the
administrations of both President Woodrow
Wilson and President Franklin D. Roosevelt
demonstrate that
(1) war can influence domestic reform
programs
(2) public opinion is usually opposed to
deficit spending
(3) presidents often lose power during
wartime
(4) United States territorial expansion
results in economic growth
This agreement made at the Potsdam
Conference led directly to the
(1) creation of the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO)
(2) trials in Nuremberg, Germany
(3) announcement of the Truman Doctrine
(4) division of Germany into occupation
zones
21. During the 1930s, poor land
management and severe drought conditions
across parts of the Midwest resulted in the
(1) formation of the United States
Department of Agriculture
(2) creation of wheat surpluses
(3) growth of the Granger movement
(4) development of Dust Bowl conditions on
the Great Plains
18. The Nuremberg War Crimes trials of
1945–1949 established the international
precedent that
(1) the United States should avoid
commitments with foreign nations
(2) military leaders cannot be held
responsible for wartime actions
(3) individuals may be tried for crimes
against humanity
(4) soldiers must obey an order even if it
conflicts with basic humanitarian values
19. The GI Bill helped soldiers who served
in World War II by
(1) mandating integration of the military
(2) funding college education for veterans
(3) requiring women to surrender their
wartime jobs to men
(4) eliminating union seniority rules that
hurt veterans
22. What was the goal of President Franklin
D. Roosevelt’s plan to add more justices to
the Supreme Court?
(1) to help the Supreme Court implement its
decisions
(2) to limit judicial opposition to New Deal
programs
(3) to convince Congress to enact new
economic laws
(4) to replace the Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court
23. To help win World War II, the federal
government found it necessary to
(1) return to the gold standard
(2) outlaw labor unions
(3) impose rationing and price controls
(4) integrate the military
24. During World War II, Japanese
Americans were sent to internment centers
primarily because they
(1) were considered illegal aliens
(2) had been convicted of spying for Japan
(3) refused to enlist in the U.S. military
(4) were thought to be threats to national
security
25. The repeal of national Prohibition in
1933 showed that
(1) alcohol consumption was not socially
acceptable
(2) the government should lower the
drinking age
(3) crime rates had fallen to record low
levels
(4) unpopular laws are difficult to enforce
29. The Neutrality Acts of the 1930s reflect
the efforts of Congress to
(1) reject the terms of the Kellogg-Briand
Pact
(2) avoid foreign policy mistakes that led the
country into World War I
(3) form military alliances with other
democratic nations
(4) strengthen the American military against
European dictators
30. During World War II, the Manhattan
Project was the name of the plan to
(1) open a second front in Europe
(2) capture Pacific islands held by the
Japanese
(3) develop the atomic bomb
(4) liberate German concentration camps
26. The Fair Labor Standards Act, passed in
1938,
helped American workers by
(1) banning the closed shop
(2) creating universal health insurance
(3) establishing a federal minimum wage
(4) ending the outsourcing of American jobs
31. Women played a major role on the
domestic front during World War II by
(1) becoming candidates for public office
(2) campaigning for woman’s suffrage
(3) demonstrating against involvement in
the war
(4) taking jobs in the defense industry
27. Consumer rationing was used during
World War II as a way to
(1) increase exploration for natural
resources
(2) limit supplies of weapons to American
allies
(3) draft men into the armed forces
(4) ensure that the military had essential
materials
32. The New Deal changed American
political thinking because it was based on
the principle that the
(1) economy will fix itself if left alone
(2) federal government should attempt to
solve social and economic problems
(3) political parties must work together to
deal with national problems
(4) states should take a leadership position
in solving social issues
28. The principal goal of the United Nations
has been to
(1) develop military alliances around the
world
(2) encourage expansion of international
trade
(3) promote peaceful solutions to world
problems
(4) regulate the use of atomic energy
33. Many of the songs, movies, and books of
the 1930s are similar in that they
(1) romanticized urban life
(2) relived the bad times of the past
(3) helped people escape from the realities of
everyday life
(4) pointed out the mistakes that led to the
Great Depression
34. During World War II, the need of the
United States for more war materials
resulted in the
(1) easing of government controls on the
economy
(2) use of lengthy strikes by labor unions
(3) rationing of some consumer goods
(4) reduction in profits for defense
industries
35.
A. Japan attacks Pearl Harbor.
B. Germany invades Poland.
C. MacArthur dictates a democratic
constitution to Japan.
D. Allies invade Europe on D-Day.
Which sequence of these events related to
World War II is in the correct chronological
order?
(1) D → B → A → C (3) C → A → B → D
(2) B → A → D → C (4) A → B → C → D
36. The Nuremberg trials held at the
conclusion of World War II added to
international law by
(1) settling boundary disputes in Europe
through arbitration
(2) placing the blame for World War II on
many nations
(3) ruling that moral and ethical
considerations do not apply in wartime
(4) establishing that high officials and
individuals are responsible for their
wartime actions
37. The primary purpose for the creation of
the United Nations was to
(1) maintain an international army
(2) promote peace through international
agreements
(3) free Eastern European countries from
communism
(4) supply food to all member countries
38. Which action did President Franklin D.
Roosevelt take that helped organized labor
gain strength during the New Deal?
(1) requiring the American Federation of
Labor to admit skilled workers
(2) allowing women to work in government
agencies
(3) signing the National Labor Relations Act
(Wagner Act)
(4) selecting John L. Lewis as his Secretary
of Lab
39. What was a major result of the
Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944 (GI
Bill)?
(1) Millions of veterans received a college
education.
(2) Women kept their factory jobs after
World War II.
(3) Jobs were created by the Manhattan
Project.
(4) Veterans were exempted from gasoline
rationing.
40. The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
and the Works Progress Administration
(WPA) were both New Deal programs
developed to address the problem of
(1) excessive stock market speculation
(2) high unemployment
(3) increased use of credit
(4) limited income of senior citizens
41. A major reason that President Franklin
D. Roosevelt proposed adding Justices to the
Supreme Court in 1937 was to
(1) make the Court processes more
democratic
(2) end corruption and favoritism in
handling cases
(3) influence Court decisions related to New
Deal programs
(4) ensure the appointment of members of
minority groups
42. Which event led to the other three?
(1) migration of 300,000 people to California
to find work
(2) development of Dust Bowl conditions on
the Great Plains
(3) passage of New Deal legislation to
conserve soil
(4) publication of John Steinbeck’s novel
The Grapes of Wrath
43. In 1939, President Franklin D. Roosevelt
responded to the start of World War II in
Europe by
(1) asking Congress to enter the war
(2) urging continued appeasement of
aggressor nations
(3) attempting to negotiate a peaceful
settlement of the hostilities
(4) selling military supplies to the Allied
nations
46. The Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1937
were intended to
(1) enforce the policies of the League of
Nations
(2) stimulate economic growth in the United
States
(3) avoid the policies that drew the nation
into World War I
(4) support the use of peacekeeping troops
in Europe
47. What was a primary goal of Franklin D.
Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph
Stalin when they met at the Yalta
Conference in 1945?
(1) setting up postwar aid for Great Britain
(2) sharing the development of atomic
weapons
(3) protecting the colonial empires of the
warring nations
(4) settling major wartime issues of the
44. Which statement about the United States Allied powers
economy during World War II is most
accurate?
48. What effect did the end of World War II
(1) Federal economic controls increased.
have on American women who worked in
(2) The manufacturing of automobiles
defense industries during the war?
increased.
(1) They were invited to join labor unions.
(3) Worker productivity declined.
(2) Their jobs were taken by returning
(4) Prices fell rapidly.
servicemen.
(3) Their wages were increased to match
45. What was a guiding principle of the New those of male workers.
Deal economic policies?
(4) Their contributions were rewarded by
(1) Pro-business tax breaks would solve the
the government.
problems associated with urban poverty.
(2) Antitrust legislation would destroy the
49. The war crimes trials in Nuremberg and
free market economy of the United States.
Tokyo following World War II established
(3) Rugged individualism must be allowed to the concept that
solve social inequality.
(1) nations could be made to pay for
(4) Government must assume more
wartime damages
responsibility for helping the poor.
(2) pardons should be granted to all accused
war criminals
(3) those convicted should be given shorter
sentences than ordinary criminals
(4) individuals could be held accountable for
their actions in a war
50. One way in which the Pearl Harbor
attack of December 7, 1941, and the attacks
of September 11, 2001, are similar is that
both led to
(1) increasing isolation
(2) the creation of a military draft
(3) the impeachment of the president
(4) major changes in United States foreign
policy
54. Which change in American society
occurred during World War II?
(1) African Americans were granted
equality in the armed forces.
(2) Women were allowed to enter combat
units for the first time.
(3) Congress enacted the first military draft.
(4) Women replaced men in essential
wartime industries.
51. During the Great Depression, one way
New Deal programs tried to stimulate
economic recovery was by
(1) raising tariff rates
(2) increasing interest rates
(3) creating public works jobs
(4) lowering the minimum wage
55. A major reason for creating the
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) in 1933
was to
(1) build and manage a turnpike in the
valley
(2) provide health care benefits for
southerners
(3) encourage African Americans to settle in
the valley
(4) improve economic conditions in a poor
rural region
52. Which geographic area is most closely
associated with the Dust Bowl of the 1930s?
(1) Great Lakes basin
(2) Mississippi River valley
(3) Appalachian Mountains
(4) Great Plains
56. A major purpose of the GI Bill (1944)
was to
(1) replace the draft near the end of World
53. Which series of events leading to World
War II
War II is in the correct chronological order? (2) prohibit racial discrimination in the
armed forces
(1) Neutrality Acts → Japanese attack on
(3) provide federal funds for veterans to
Pearl Harbor → Lend-Lease Act → United
attend college
States declaration of war on Japan
(4) increase the number of women working
(2) Lend-Lease Act → Neutrality Acts →
in defense industries
United States declaration of war on Japan
→ Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
57. President Franklin D. Roosevelt believed
(3) United States declaration of war on
that declaring a bank holiday and creating
Japan → Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
→ Lend-Lease Act → Neutrality Acts
(FDIC) would help the nation’s banking
(4) Neutrality Acts → Lend-Lease Act →
system by
Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor → United (1) restoring public confidence in the banks
(2) reducing government regulation of
States declaration of war on Japan
banks
(3) restricting foreign investments
(4) granting tax relief to individuals
58. The Social Security Act (1935) is
considered an important program because it
(1) brought about a quick end to the Great
Depression
(2) provided employment for those in need
of a job
(3) established a progressive income tax
(4) extended support to elderly citizens
59. The policy of Cash and Carry, the
Destroyers for Naval Bases Deal, and the
Lend-Lease Act were all designed to
(1) contribute to the success of the Axis
powers
(2) relieve unemployment caused by the
Great Depression
(3) guarantee a third term to President
Franklin D. Roosevelt
(4) aid the Allies without involving the
United States in war
60. Rationing was used in the United States
during World War II as a way to
(1) ensure adequate supplies of scarce
natural resources
(2) increase the number of imports
(3) raise production of consumer goods
(4) provide markets for American-made
products
61. The post–World War II trials held by
the Allied powers in Nuremberg, Germany,
and in Japan set an international precedent
by
(1) placing blame only on civilian leaders
(2) forcing nations to pay for war damages
(3) returning conquered territories to their
peoples
(4) holding individuals accountable for their
war crimes
62. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s
reelection in 1940 created a controversy that
eventually led to
(1) the Supreme Court declaring the election
unconstitutional
(2) the establishment of presidential term
limits
(3) an effort to increase voter participation
(4) an attempt to increase the number of
Justices on the Supreme Court
63. The D-Day invasion in June 1944 was
important to the outcome of World War II
because it
(1) opened a new Allied front in Europe
(2) avoided use of the atomic bomb against
civilian targets
(3) forced Italy to surrender
(4) stopped Soviet advances in eastern
Europe
64. The National Labor Relations Act of
1935 (Wagner Act) affected workers by
(1) protecting their right to form unions and
bargain collectively
(2) preventing public employee unions from
going on strike
(3) providing federal pensions for retired
workers
(4) forbidding racial discrimination in
employment
65. Prior to the start of World War II, Great
Britain and France followed a policy of
appeasement when they
(1) rejected an alliance with the Soviet
Union
(2) allowed Germany to expand its territory
(3) signed the agreements at the Yalta
Conference
(4) opposed United States efforts to rearm
68. The war crimes trials that followed
World War II were historically significant
because for the first time
(1) nations were asked to pay for war
damages
(2) individuals were given immunity from
prosecution
(3) nations on both sides were found guilty
of causing the war
(4) individuals were held accountable for
their actions during wartime
66. Which statement is best supported by
the information on the map?
(1) Government officials used abandoned
mining towns to house Japanese Americans.
(2) Western states did not support the
decision to create the relocation centers.
(3) Relocation centers had to be placed near
rivers.
(4) The government considered Japanese
Americans a threat to national security.
67. The relocation camps shown on the map
were mainly a reaction to the
(1) Japanese military attack on Pearl
Harbor
(2) capture of Japanese war prisoners
(3) need to train Japanese Americans for
military service
(4) attacks by Japanese Americans on
United States military bases
69. One major way President Franklin D.
Roosevelt’s New Deal tried to combat the
effects of the Great Depression was by
(1) keeping workers’ wages low
(2) increasing protective tariff rates
(3) giving states more control over the
federal budget
(4) funding public works relief programs
70. In 1937, President Franklin D. Roosevelt
was criticized for his proposal to add
justices to the United States Supreme Court
because these appointments would have
(1) broken earlier campaign promises
(2) violated the constitutional limit on the
number of justices
(3) threatened the system of checks and
balances
(4) established a more conservative Court
71. Which action by the United States best
represents United States foreign policy in
the 1930s?
(1) passing the Neutrality Acts
(2) creating the Southeast Asia Treaty
Organization (SEATO)
(3) deciding to create the United Nations
(4) joining the Allied powers
72. A major purpose of the GI Bill was to
provide World War II veterans with
(1) educational opportunities after the war
(2) protection against racial discrimination
(3) civilian jobs in the military
(4) increased Social Security payments
73. Congress opposed President Franklin D.
Roosevelt’s plan to increase the number of
justices on the Supreme Court because the
plan would have
(1) threatened the principle of checks and
balances
(2) abolished judicial review
(3) violated the elastic clause of the
Constitution
(4) given the federal government too much
power over the states
74. The Neutrality Acts of 1935–1937 were
primarily designed to
(1) avoid policies that had led to United
States involvement in World War I
(2) halt the spread of communism in the
Western Hemisphere
(3) promote United States membership in
the League of Nations
(4) stop Japan from attacking United States
territories in the Far East
75. In Korematsu v. United States (1944), the
Supreme Court said that the removal of
Japanese Americans from their homes was
constitutional because
(1) most Japanese Americans were not
United States citizens
(2) many Japanese Americans refused to
serve in the United States Armed Forces
(3) this type of action was necessary during
a national emergency
(4) there was strong evidence of significant
Japanese sabotage on the West Coast
76. Which statement best explains why the
United States mainland suffered minimal
physical damage in both World War I and
World War II?
(1) The United States policy of isolationism
discouraged attacks by other countries.
(2) Geographic location kept the United
States protected from most of the fighting.
(3) United States military fortifications
prevented attacks on United States soil.
(4) Latin America provided a buffer zone
from acts of aggression by other countries.
77. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Good
Neighbor policy was designed mainly to
(1) reduce border conflicts with Canada
(2) increase acceptance of minorities within
the United States
(3) encourage Germany and the Soviet
Union to resolve their differences
(4) improve relations with Latin America
78. One result of President Franklin D.
Roosevelt’s New Deal was that it
(1) raised the national debt
(2) weakened labor unions
(3) deregulated the stock market
(4) repealed federal antitrust laws
79. In which pair of events is the second
event a response to the first?
(1) Truman Doctrine → D-Day Invasion
(2) Manhattan Project → Lend-Lease Act
(3) Holocaust → Nuremberg War Crimes
trials
(4) Germany’s invasion of Poland →
Munich Conference
80. United States foreign policy changed
following World War II as the United States
(1) became more involved in world affairs
(2) returned to a policy of isolationism
(3) rejected membership in the United
Nations
(4) pursued a policy of appeasement toward
the Soviet Union
81. The march of the “Bonus Army” and
referring to shantytowns as “Hoovervilles”
in the early 1930s illustrate
(1) growing discontent with Republican
efforts to deal with the Great Depression
(2) state projects that created jobs for the
unemployed
(3) federal attempts to restore confidence in
the American economy
(4) the president’s success in solving social
problem
82. The New Deal programs of President
Franklin D. Roosevelt changed the United
States economy by
(1) restoring the principle of a balanced
budget
(2) expanding the trustbusting practices of
Progressive Era presidents
(3) encouraging greater production of
agricultural goods
(4) increasing government involvement with
both business and labor
84. Which statement most accurately
describes the foreign policy change made by
the United States between the start of World
War II (1939) and the attack on Pearl
Harbor (1941)?
(1) The traditional isolationism of the
United States was strengthened.
(2) The nation shifted from neutrality to
military support for the Allies.
(3) War was declared on Germany but not
on Japan.
(4) Financial aid was offered to both the
Allied and Axis powers.
85. During President Franklin D.
Roosevelt’s administration, the Federal
Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and
the Securities and Exchange Commission
(SEC) were created as a way to
(1) provide jobs to those who were
unemployed
(2) raise revenue for relief and recovery
programs
(3) limit risks associated with savings and
investments
(4) implement the new income tax
amendment
86. “Arms Sales to Warring Nations
Banned”
“Americans Forbidden to Travel on Ships of
Warring Nations”
“Loans to Nations at War Forbidden”
83. A main purpose of government-ordered “War Materials Sold Only on Cash-andrationing during World War II was to
Carry Basis”
(1) increase foreign trade
These headlines from the 1930s reflect the
(2) limit the growth of industry
efforts of the United States to
(3) conserve raw materials for the war effort (1) maintain freedom of the seas
(4) encourage women to enter the workforce (2) send military supplies to the League of
Nations
(3) limit the spread of international
communism
(4) avoid participation in European wars
87. “…The Director of the War Relocation
Authority is authorized and directed to
formulate and effectuate [implement] a
program for the removal, from the areas
designated from time to time by the
Secretary of War or appropriate military
commander under the authority of
Executive Order No. 9066 of February 19,
1942, of the persons or classes of persons
designated under such Executive Order, and
for their relocation, maintenance, and
supervision…”
~ Executive Order 9102, March 18, 1942
Shortly after this executive order was
signed, federal government authorities
began to
(1) move Japanese Americans to internment
camps
(2) deport German and Italian aliens
(3) detain and interrogate Chinese
immigrants
(4) arrest the individuals who planned the
attack on Pearl Harbor
88. Which statement about Franklin D.
Roosevelt’s New Deal program is most
accurate?
(1) Protective tariff rates increased.
(2) Social welfare programs were expanded.
(3) Government regulation of business was
reduced.
(4) Government support of environmental
conservation ended.
89. Which factor contributed to the
internment of Japanese Americans during
World War II?
(1) labor shortage during the war
(2) influence of racial prejudice
(3) increase of terrorist activities on the
West Coast
(4) fear of loss of jobs to Japanese workers
90. “…The people of Europe who are
defending themselves do not ask us to do
their fighting. They ask us for the
implements of war, the planes, the tanks, the
guns, the freighters which will enable them
to fight for their liberty and for our security.
Emphatically we must get these weapons to
them, get them to them in sufficient volume
and quickly enough, so that we and our
children will be saved the agony and
suffering of war which others have had to
endure…”
~ President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s
“Fireside Chat,” December 29, 1940
In this statement, President Franklin D.
Roosevelt was asking the nation to
(1) support a declaration of war against
Nazi Germany
(2) adopt a policy of containment
(3) join the League of Nations
(4) become the “arsenal of democracy”
91. Following World War II, Eleanor
Roosevelt was most noted for her
(1) support of racial segregation in the
United States military
(2) role in creating the United Nations
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
(3) opposition to the Truman
Administration
(4) efforts to end the use of land mines
92. The Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation (FDIC) and the Securities and
Exchange Commission (SEC), established
during the New Deal, were important
because they
(1) increased the supply of money in the
economy
(2) guaranteed loans to failing businesses
and banks
(3) attempted to restore public confidence in
financial institutions
(4) provided grants to unemployed workers
93. Many Americans responded to photographs such as this by
(1) Opposing government subsidies for low-income housing
(2) Petitioning Congress to decrease funding for the Veterans Administration
(3) Demanding legislation to increase the power of the military
(4) Criticizing the government for its treatment of World War I veterans
94. At the beginning of World War II, national debate focused on whether the United
States should continue the policy of
(1) Coexistence
(3) imperialism
(2) Containment
(4) isolationism
95. Before entering World War II, the United States acted as the “arsenal of democracy”
by
(1) Creating a weapons stockpile for use after the war
(2) Financing overseas radio broadcasts in support of democracy
(3) Providing workers for overseas factories
(4) Supplying war materials to the Allies
96. One reason the Nuremberg trials following World War II were held was to
(1) Bring Hitler, Mussolini, and Tojo to justice
(2) Force Japan to pay for the attack on Pearl Harbor
(3) Make German leaders accountable for the Holocaust
(4) Punish the German government for bombing England
97. The main purpose of the World War II coupons shown in this illustration was to
(1) Choose men for the draft
(2) Conserve essential goods for military use
(3) Encourage increased production of consumer goods
(4) Pay defense contractors for military hardware
98. A controversial issue that resulted from World War II was the
(1) Future role of the League of Nations
(2) Morality of nuclear warfare
(3) Commitment of troops without congressional approval
(4) Civilian control of the military
99. A lasting effect of the New Deal has been a belief that government should
(1) Own the principal means of producing goods and services
(2) Allow natural market forces to determine economic conditions
(3) Maintain a balanced federal budget during hard economic times
(4) Assume responsibility for the well-being of its citizens
100. The Neutrality Acts passed by Congress in the mid-1930s were efforts to
(1) Avoid mistakes that led the country into World War I
(2) Create jobs for the unemployed in the military defense industry
(3) Support the League of Nations efforts to stop wars in Africa and Asia
(4) Help the democratic nations of Europe against Hitler and Mussolini
101. Why was the United States called the “arsenal of democracy” in 1940?
(1) The leaders in the democratic nations of Europe were educated in the United States.
(2) Most of the battles to defend worldwide democracy took place on American soil.
(3) The United States supervised elections in European nations before the war.
(4) The United States provided much of the weaponry needed to fight the Axis powers.
102. The cartoonist is commenting on President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s efforts to
(1) Veto several bills sent him by Congress
(2) End New Deal programs
(3) Gain quick passage of his legislation
(4) Slow down the legislative process
103. Which factor contributed
most to the situation shown in
the cartoon?
(1) Low tariff rates
(2) Shortages of consumer goods
(3) Nonregulation of banks
(4) Creation of a national bank
104. In the cartoon, most of the “diseases” refer to the
(1) Military dictatorships of the 1930s
(2) Allied powers of World War II
(3) Nations banned from the United Nations after World War II
(4) Communist bloc countries in the Cold War
105. Which action is most closely associated with the situation shown in the cartoon?
(1) Signing of the Atlantic Charter
(2) Passage of the Neutrality Acts of 1935–1937
(3) First fireside chat of Franklin D. Roosevelt
(4) Declaration of war on Japan
106. The decision of the Supreme Court in Korematsu v. United States (1944) upheld the
power of the president during wartime to
(1) Ban terrorists from entering the country
(2) Limit a group’s civil liberties
(3) Stop mistreatment of resident legal aliens
(4) Deport persons who work for enemy nations
107. What is the main idea of this cartoon?
(1) The legislative branch disagreed with the executive branch during the presidency of
Franklin D. Roosevelt.
(2) President Franklin D. Roosevelt wanted the Supreme Court to support his programs.
(3) Justices of the Supreme Court were not asked for their opinion about New Deal
programs.
(4) The three branches of government agreed on the correct response to the Great
Depression.
108. President Roosevelt responded to the situation illustrated in the cartoon by
(1) Calling for repeal of many New Deal programs
(2) Demanding popular election of members of the judicial branch
(3) Asking voters to elect more Democrats to Congress
(4) Proposing to increase the number of justices on the Supreme Court
109. The use of this card, issued by the federal government, was intended to
(1) Help the automobile industry
(2) Support the troops in wartime
(3) Increase the use of gasoline
(4) Decrease the cost of automobiles
110. Which region of the
United States suffered most
directly from the Dust Bowl?
(1) Southwest
(2) Pacific Northwest
(3) Rocky Mountains
(4) Great Plains
111. During World War II, posters like this were used to
(1) Prevent antiwar protests
(2) Recruit more women workers
(3) Convince women to enlist in the military services
(4) Gain acceptance for wartime rationing programs
112. Shortly after entering World War II, the United States began the Manhattan Project
to
(1) Work on the development of an atomic bomb
(2) Increase economic production to meet wartime demands
(3) Defend New York City against a nuclear attack
(4) Recruit men for the military services
113. Based on this cartoon, economic recovery would require
(1) Fewer regulations by the federal government
(2) Increased taxes on the working class
(3) More money in the hands of lower-income families
(4) Protective tariffs on foreign goods
114. The experiences of African Americans serving in the military forces during World
War II influenced their postwar decision to
(1) Renew support for the principle of separate but equal
(2) Join the armed forces in record numbers
(3) Increase efforts to end racial discrimination
(4) Move back to the rural south
Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?
They used to tell me I was building a dream
And so I followed the mob.
When there was earth to plow or guns to bear,
I was always there, right on the job.
They used to tell me I was building a dream
With peace and glory ahead —
Why should I be standing in line, just waiting for bread?
Once I built a railroad, I made it run,
Made it race against time.
Once I built a railroad, now it’s done —
Brother, can you spare a dime? . . .
Once in khaki suits, gee, we looked swell
Full of that Yankee Doodle-de-dum.
Half a million boots went slogging through hell,
And I was the kid with the drum. . . .
— E. Y. Harburg and J. Gorney, 1932
115. Which statement most accurately expresses the main idea of this song?
(1) Railroad workers were often overpaid.
(2) The average wage in 1930 was 10 cents an hour.
(3) Soldiers never have difficulty finding jobs when they return from war.
(4) Hard times threaten economic opportunity.
116. Which program was created to deal with the problem identified in this song?
(1) Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)
(2) Works Progress Administration (WPA)
(3) Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
(4) Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
(FDIC)
117. A primary objective of United States foreign policy during the 1930s was to
(1) Avoid involvement in Asian and European conflicts
(2) Protect business interests in Africa through direct intervention
(3) Strengthen international peacekeeping organizations
(4) Acquire overseas land as colonies
118. Which action by President Franklin D. Roosevelt challenged the principle of checks
and balances?
(1) Frequently vetoing New Deal legislation
(2) Trying to increase the number of justices on the Supreme Court
(3) Taking over the Senate’s treaty ratification power
(4) Desegregating defense industries
119. These posters were used during World War II to encourage women to
(1) Serve in the armed forces
(3) buy war bonds
(2) Exercise their vote
(4) contribute to the war effort
120. This telegram
was sent as a
response to the
(1) Start of World
War II
(2) Attack on Pearl
Harbor
(3) Passage of a law
to ban Japanese
immigration
(4) Drafting of
Japanese Americans
into the military
121. The main idea of the cartoon is that the New Deal
(1) Threatens the Constitution and the American people
(2) Threatens the two-party political system
(3) Provides American citizens with greater political freedom
(4) Provides protection from foreign tyranny
122. During World War II, many Japanese Americans living on the West Coast were
relocated to detention centers primarily because they
(1) Were known spies for Japan
(2) Were seen as a security threat
(3) Refused to serve in the United States military
(4) Expressed their support for Italy and Germany
123. To help pay for World War II, the United States government relied heavily on the
(1) Money borrowed from foreign governments
(2) Sale of war bonds
(3) Sale of United States manufactured goods to neutral nations
(4) Printing of additional paper money
124. Which feature of life on the home front during World War II is most clearly
illustrated by this 1944 cartoon?
(1) Food rationing
(2) Housing shortages
(3) Juvenile delinquency
(4) Conserving natural resources
125. Which conditions are most characteristic of an economic depression?
(1) High unemployment and overproduction
(2) Large business investments and low taxes
(3) Too much money in circulation and high stock prices
(4) High employment and increased real estate investments
126. During World War II, the federal government used rationing to
(1) Hold down prices of military weapons
(2) Increase educational benefits for veterans
(3) Increase imports of scarce products
(4) Provide more resources for the military
127. Which statement about President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s plans for a second term
most accurately expresses the main idea of the cartoon?
(1) Congress will give President Roosevelt a free hand to lead the nation.
(2) The American people will trust Congress to control President Roosevelt.
(3) President Roosevelt will seek direction from the people.
(4) The Great Depression will no longer be a serious concern.
128. The New Deal tried to solve many problems of the Great Depression by
(1) Providing federal aid to many sectors of the economy
(2) Reducing taxes on big business to stimulate job creation
(3) Lowering federal spending to maintain a balanced budget
(4) Decreasing foreign competition by raising tariffs
129. The cartoonist is commenting on President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s efforts to
(1) Win congressional approval for his Supreme Court nominees
(2) Gain Supreme Court support for his legislative program
(3) Set up a retirement plan for Supreme Court Justices
(4) Keep members of Congress off the Supreme Court
130. …I also ask this Congress for authority and for funds sufficient to manufacture
additional munitions and war supplies of many kinds, to be turned over to those nations
which are now in actual war with aggressor nations. Our most useful and immediate role
is to act as an arsenal for them as well as for ourselves. They do not need man power, but
they do need billions of dollars worth of the weapons of defense. The time is near when
they will not be able to pay for them all in ready cash. We cannot, and we will not, tell them
that they must surrender, merely because of present inability to pay for the weapons which
we know they must have…
~ President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Annual Message to Congress, January 6, 1941
Which program was President Franklin D. Roosevelt proposing in this speech?
(1) Fair Deal
(3) Lend-Lease
(2) Great Society (4) Cash and Carry
131. This World War II cartoon was used to encourage Americans to
(1) Buy war bonds
(2) Conserve natural resources
(3) Serve in the armed forces
(4) Work in war industries
132. Which constitutional amendment was adopted in response to the issue raised on this
postcard?
(1) Graduated income tax
(2) Direct election of United States senators
(3) Ban on poll taxes in presidential elections
(4) Limit on the number of years a president can Serve
133. What is the main idea of this 1939 political cartoon?
(1) Great Britain and France do not want the United States to enter World War II.
(2) The United States should remain isolated from the war in Europe to preserve
democracy.
(3) The survival of democracy requires that the United States enter the war.
(4) The United States believes there is no real threat to democracy.
134. Which action is most consistent with the viewpoint expressed by this cartoonist?
(1) Passing the Neutrality Acts
(2) Negotiating the Destroyers for Naval Bases deal
(3) Joining the League of Nations
(4) Signing the Atlantic Charter
135. President Franklin D. Roosevelt tried to pack the United States Supreme Court, but
Congress did not support him. This situation is an example of
(1) Congress undermining the separation of powers
(2) The president using the unwritten constitution
(3) The use of the system of checks and balances
(4) How federalism was preserved by one branch of government
136. In which geographic region of the nation was this 1935 photograph taken?
(1) New England
(3) Pacific Northwest
(2) Southeast
(4) Great Plains
137. The conditions shown in the photograph were mainly the result of
(1) Government subsidies to increase crop production
(2) Migrations from farms to cities
(3) Poor farming methods and sustained drought
(4) Reduced tariffs on farm machinery and crops
138. What is the most likely explanation for the changes in income shown in the chart?
(1) World War II veterans benefited from an economic boom following the war.
(2) Conversion to a wartime economy created new jobs.
(3) New laws were passed that permitted child labor in wartime.
(4) Membership in labor unions was prohibited during wartime.
139. Which statement most accurately expresses the viewpoint of the cartoonist?
(1) New Deal programs are endangering the country.
(2) Most Americans support New Deal programs.
(3) Supreme Court decisions are overturning New Deal programs.
(4) New Deal programs emphasize health care reforms.
140. During the 1930s, the conditions
shown in this photograph occurred
mainly
(1) On the Atlantic Coast
(2) On the Great Plains
(3) In the Rocky Mountains
(4) In the Pacific Northwest
141. Many farmers in the region
affected by the conditions shown in this
photograph reacted by
(1) Migrating to California
(2) Investing in better farm equipment
Base your answers to questions 141 and 142 on the song lyrics below and on your
knowledge of social studies.
Dust Storm Disaster
On the 14th day of April of 1935,
There struck the worst of dust storms that ever filled the sky.
You could see that dust storm comin’, the cloud looked deathlike black,
And through our mighty nation, it left a dreadful track.…
The storm took place at sundown, it lasted through the night,
When we looked out next morning, we saw a terrible sight.
We saw outside our window where wheat fields they had grown
Was now a rippling ocean of dust the wind had blown.
It covered up our fences, it covered up our barns,
It covered up our tractors in the wild and dusty storm.
We loaded our jalopies and piled our families in,
We rattled down that highway to never come back again.
~ Woody Guthrie
141. Which region of the United States was most directly affected by the situation described
in this song?
(1) Southeast
(3) Great Plains
(2) Great Lakes
(4) Pacific Northwest
142. These song lyrics were written about people who became
(1) Sharecroppers in the South
(2) Migrant farm workers on the West Coast
(3) Fishermen in New England
(4) Coal miners in the Ohio River valley
143. New Deal programs such as the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and the Works
Progress Administration (WPA) were primarily intended to help
(1) Farmers
(2) Homeowners
(3) Businesses
(4) Unemployed workers
144. Passage of the Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1937 indicated that the United States
desired to
(1) Isolate itself from conflicts in Europe and Asia
(2) Form alliances to stop the aggression of dictators
(3) Expand trade outside the Western Hemisphere
(4) Support the policies of the League of Nations
145. Which nations are represented by the two birds in this cartoon?
(1) Soviet Union and Great Britain
(2) United States and Soviet Union
(3) Germany and Great Britain
(4) United States and Germany
146. Which statement most accurately expresses the point of view of the cartoonist?
(1) Isolationism is the safest policy for these countries to follow.
(2) The United States is ignoring the threat caused by foreign aggression.
(3) Trade restrictions are more of a threat than leaders recognize.
(4) England can defend itself against Axis aggression.
147. In the 1944 case Korematsu v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that wartime
conditions justified the
(1) Use of women in military combat
(2) Ban against strikes by workers
(3) Limitations placed on civil liberties
(4) Reduction in the powers of the president
148. The cartoon illustrates President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s dissatisfaction with
(1) Congress leading the nation into World War II
(2) Congress resisting proposals to strengthen the navy
(3) New Deal programs being declared unconstitutional
(4) Being unable to appoint minorities to the Supreme Court
149. Congress refused to enact President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s court-packing plan
because the plan
(1) Threatened to upset the constitutional system of checks and balances
(2) Entrusted too much power to the judicial branch
(3) Called for an increase in income taxes
(4) Required passage of a constitutional amendment
150. The change in the rate of unemployment between 1941 and 1942 is best explained by
the
(1) Response of President Herbert Hoover to the stock market crash
(2) Effects of the Wagner Act
(3) Passage of the National Recovery Act
(4) Entry of the United States into World War II
151. Which federal policy was enacted during World War II and justified as a wartime
necessity?
(1) A ban on German-language books
(2) Internment of Japanese Americans
(3) Exclusion of Chinese immigrants
(4) Adoption of the quota system of immigration
152. This World War II poster recognizes the
(1) Return of women to the workforce after the war
(2) Contributions of women to wartime defense
(3) Role of women as military officers
(4) Legal equality of women
153. In 1944, Congress enacted the GI Bill of Rights in order to
(1) Provide economic aid to veterans
(2) Reduce military expenditures
(3) Ban racial segregation in the armed forces
(4) Create government jobs for returning soldiers
154. The National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) of 1935 strengthened labor unions
because it legalized
(1) Collective bargaining
(3) the open shop
(2) Blacklisting
(4) the sit-down strike
155. The cooperation mentioned in the poster was intended to be between
(1) Business and government
(2) Consumers and producers
(3) Workers and retirees
(4) Socialists and capitalists
156. During World War II, this poster was used
primarily to
(1) Contain the spread of communism
(2) Create jobs for the unemployed
(3) Gain financial support for the war
(4) Convince women to fill vacant factory jobs
157. What was the most likely cause of the election results shown on the map?
(1) Most voters blamed President Herbert Hoover for the Great Depression.
(2) It is difficult to defeat an incumbent president.
(3) Franklin D. Roosevelt had more business experience than Herbert Hoover.
(4) Republican Party popularity had been declining for several elections.
158. During World War II, posters of Rosie the Riveter were used to
(1) Recruit women into wartime industries
(2) Encourage women to serve in the armed forces
(3) Promote women’s suffrage
(4) Support higher education for women
159. What was one result of World War II?
(1) The arms race ended.
(2) The Cold War ended.
(3) Communism was eliminated.
(4) Two superpowers emerged.
160. This cartoon illustrates that President Franklin D. Roosevelt caused a controversy
based on
(1) Increased military spending in the early 1930s
(2) A plan to assume some of the powers reserved to the states
(3) Efforts to counter the Dust Bowl with federal conservation measures
(4) Proposals that violated the principle of separation of powers
161. Convictions of war criminals by courts at Tokyo and Nuremberg following World
War II showed that
(1) Government officials and military leaders could be held accountable for their actions
(2) The United Nations accepted responsibility for international peacekeeping
(3) The League of Nations could successfully enforce international law
(4) Nations that start wars would be forced to rebuild war-torn nations
162. Between 1934 and 1937, Congress passed a series of neutrality acts that were designed
primarily to
(1) Strengthen the nation’s military defenses
(2) Provide aid to other democratic nations
(3) Create jobs for unemployed American workers
(4) Avoid mistakes that had led to American involvement in World War I
163. In the 1944 case Korematsu v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that wartime
conditions justified the
(1) Use of women in military combat
(2) Ban against strikes by workers
(3) Limitations placed on civil liberties
(4) Reduction in the powers of the president
164. Critics charged that New Deal policies favored socialism because the federal
government
(1) Took ownership of most major industries
(2) Favored farmers over workers and business owners
(3) Increased its responsibility for the welfare of the economy
(4) Declined to prosecute business monopolies
Word Bank: Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Civilian Conservation Corps, John Steinbeck,
Hoovervilles, Unconstitutional, Dust Bowl, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation,
Twenty-second Amendment, Good Neighbor Policy, Increased
1- The __________ occurred during the drought years of the 1930s. From a climatic
perspective, the 1930s drought is still considered to be the most severe on record for
many parts of the Great Plains. The dry weather began in the early 1930s and
persisted through the early 1940s for some areas, with the most intense drought
years occurring in 1934 and 1936. As farmers of the Great Plains faced natural
disasters in the 1930s, the effects were staggering. Since the 1870s, farmers had
been tilling the Great Plains, cutting the grasses that covered the topsoil, and
tapping underground water supplies. A series of droughts in the early 1930s dried
up crops and topsoil, turning the soil into dust. Heavy winds destroyed harvests and
carried soil away in huge clouds of dust that darkened their land.
2- Many farmers moved west to California. As __________ wrote in his 1939 novel
The Grapes of Wrath: “And then the dispossessed were drawn west – from Kansas,
Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico; from Nevada and Arkansas, families, tribes, dusted
out, tractored out.
3- By 1930 unemployment had risen, but President Herbert Hoover was opposed to
direct relief (i.e. payments) to the unemployed because he believed such payments
would undermine the American ideology of “rugged individualism.” Instead he
proposed a national voluntary effort under federal government leadership. Hoover
was convinced that when prices fell low enough, people would resume buying and
employment would increase. Unfortunately, his predictions were incorrect. Later,
Hoover did cut taxes, increased federal spending on public projects, and directed a
federal agency to buy surplus farm crops. However, his policies were too little and
too late. Shanty towns of the homeless and unemployed sarcastically called
“_________,” sprang up on the outskirts of cities.
4- The Governor of New York, ___________, easily defeated Hoover in the Presidential
election of 1932. Roosevelt promised Americans a “New Deal,” to put them back to
work. The New Deal was a major turning point in American history. It established
the principle that the federal government bears the chief responsibility for ensuring
the smooth running of the American economy. He saw that the Great Depression
was a national emergency. He believed the President’s task was to find a way for
the economy to return to prosperity.
5- The New Deal marked an end to the long-held view that government and the
economy should be separated. The New Deal permanently _________ the size and
power of the federal government, making it primarily responsible for managing the
nation’s economy.
6- As soon as President Roosevelt took office, he called Congress into special session
and pushed through legislation in his first 100 days in office that would have been
difficult to pass in less critical times. Roosevelt explained the New Deal measures in
terms of three R’s – Relief, Recovery, and Reform. Relief measures were short-term
actions to tide people over until the economy recovered. Over one-quarter of the
nation’s workforce was unemployed. There was no unemployment insurance.
Many people who were out of work had no food or shelter. Roosevelt favored giving
people emergency public jobs. The ______________ (1933) gave jobs to young
people, such as planting trees and cleaning up forests.
7- The Works Progress Administration (1935) created jobs by hiring artists, writers
and musicians to paint murals, write plays and compose music. Both the C.C.C.
and W.P.A. put Americans back to work. Recovery measures were designed to
restore the economy by increasing incentives to produce and by rebuilding people’s
purchasing power. The National Recovery Administration (1933) asked businesses
to voluntarily follow codes which set prices, production limits and a minimum wage.
However, in 1935, the Supreme Court found the N.R.A. __________. In the first
Agricultural Adjustment Act (A.A.A.), the government paid farmers to plant less in
hope of increasing crop prices. In 1936, the Supreme Court declared the A.A.A.
unconstitutional. In 1938, the second A.A.A. succeeded in raising farm prices by
having the government buy farm surpluses and sorting them until prices went up.
8- Important reform legislation during the New Deal included the ____________ or
F.D.I.C. in 1933: the F.D.I.C. insured bank deposits so that people would not lose
their savings in case a bank failed; the Securities and Exchange Commission (1934):
it was created to oversee the operations of the stock market, prevent fraud, and
guard against another stock market collapse; the National Labor Relations Act
(1935): often called the Wagner Act, it gave workers the right to form unions to
bargain collectively with their employer; and the Social Security Act (1935): it
provided workers with unemployment insurance, old age pensions, and insurance if
they died early.
9- Roosevelt broke with tradition and successfully ran for a third and even fourth
term. In 1951, the ____________ was ratified in 1951, limiting future Presidents to
no more than two elected terms.
10- Presidents Herbert Hoover and Franklin D. Roosevelt rejected Theodore
Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” policy and tried to improve relations with Latin America.
Under the “___________,” the U.S. agreed not to interfere in the internal affairs of
Latin American nations.