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Slavery in the United States wikipedia , lookup
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Pre-Existing Conditions to the Civil War Regional Disagreements – Debate over States’ Authority Sectionalism – As the U.S. expanded, strong differences developed among various regions. Decisions made benefited individual regions rather that the country as a whole. Disagreements about some of these issues threatened to tear the Union apart. Tariff = A tax – on some imports. Congress set a high tariff on European goods. This protected the manufacturing North from foreign competition. Southern states relied on an agricultural economy, or way of life. “Cotton was King.” England bought most of the South’s cotton, who in turn bought many manufactured goods from England. The tariff hurt the Southern states more than the Northern states. “The Age of Jackson” 1829- Andrew Jackson becomes president. John C. Calhoun was vice president. Although Jackson believed in States’ rights, Calhoun believed vehemently that States’ rights should be sovereign, not the federal government. The debate over States’ rights continued as Sectionalism grew stronger. Slavery – As the western frontier was settled, pioneers disagreed about whether slavery should spread into the new territories. Free states vs Slave states – As the country grew, they tried to keep a balance between the states. Missouri Compromise – the Mason Dixon line located which states would be free or slave states. This compromise worked to balance the states for about 30 years. Compromise of 1850- After the Mexican War, the debate about slavery broke out again. Under this agreement, California (CA) joined as a free state; other new lands were to decide for themselves. Fugitive Slave Act – Forced all Americans to turn in people who had escaped from Slavery. There were stiff consequences for those who were caught. Northerners didn’t like this. 1854 – Bleeding Kansas – Kansas and Nebraska could not agree on slavery. People flocked there to influence the outcome. Fighting broke out, and more than 200 were killed. Kansas eventually joined as a free state. Many Americans in the slave states started talking about seceding from the Union. There was much discussion as to whether this was permitted under the U.S. Constitution. This was the real issue that started the Civil War. The issue of slavery was an afterthought that came well into the conflict. Life As A Slave Slaves had no rights and were regarded as property. They did not go to school, and it was against the law for them to learn to read or write. They earned no money, and could be sold, beaten, or mistreated. Underground Railroad - Many slaves escaped on the Underground Railroad. It was a secret system of people, routes, and safe houses used to escape to freedom. Most routes led north to Canada. Harriet Tubman was one of the most famous conductors on the Underground Railroad.