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BSBMGT401A Show leadership in the workplace Assessor guide Important advice about this Assessor guide: This document provides detailed guidance for assessors or teachers only. It is to be used as a reference document for assessing student work on a specific assessment. The matching assessment tasks are available for download on www.tale.edu.au – search for the following item: BSBMGT401A Show leadership in the workplace - Assessment. It is not for use as a recording document. It is not appropriate under any circumstances to issue this document to students. Contents About this guide 2 Assessment mapping 3 Elements of competency & performance criteria ........................ 3 Range statement ........................................................................ 4 Critical aspects of evidence ........................................................ 4 Evidence required for each element of competency & performance criteria ................................................................... 4 Special conditions of assessment .............................................. 5 Recording & reporting of assessment ........................................ 5 Assessment task 1: Leading by example 6 Part 1 .......................................................................................... 6 Part 2 .......................................................................................... 7 Part 3 .......................................................................................... 8 Assessment task 2: Implementing and evaluating customer service strategies 11 Part 1 ........................................................................................ 11 Part 2 ........................................................................................ 11 1 © NSW DET 2008 BSBMGT401A Show leadership in the workplace About this guide This document contains advice for assessors and teachers, to help them to provide feedback to students and to allocate marks or results for all the learning activities for unit of competency BSBMGT401A Show leadership in the workplace. It should be used in conjunction with the TAFE NSW Unit Guide which includes: General assessment information Guidelines for the collection of sufficient evidence Aspects of evidence Suggested assessment strategies Recording and reporting of assessment (reproduced below for easy reference) Recognition Assessment in specific contexts Assessment requirements for students The purpose of the Assessor guide is to ensure that adequate information is provided for consistent marking to take place. This will help ensure that Australian Quality Training Framework requirements for assessment reliability are met. 2 © NSW DET 2008 BSBMGT401A Show leadership in the workplace Assessment mapping Elements of competency & performance criteria Element Performance criteria Model high standards of management performance & behaviour 1.1 Ensure management performance and behaviour meets the organisation’s requirements 1.2 Ensure management performance and behaviour serves as a positive role model for others 1.3 Develop and implement performance plans in accordance with organisation’s goals and objectives 1.4 Establish and use key performance indicators to meet organisation’s goals and objectives Enhance organisation’s image 2.1 Use organisation’s standards and values in conducting business 2.2 Question, through established communication channels, standards and values considered to be damaging to the organisation 2.3 Ensure personal performance contributes to developing an organisation which has integrity and credibility Make informed decisions 3.1 Gather and organise information relevant to the issue/s under consideration 3.2 Facilitate individuals and teams active participation in decision making processes 3.3 Examine options and assess associated risks to determine preferred course/s of action 3.4 Ensure decisions are timely and communicate them clearly to individuals and teams 3.5 Prepare plans to implement decisions and ensure they are agreed by relevant individuals and teams 3.6 Use feedback processes effectively to monitor the implementation and impact of decisions 3 © NSW DET 2008 BSBMGT401A Show leadership in the workplace Range statement Organisation’s standards and values: stated or implied by the way the organization conducts its business; formal or informal Feedback processes: from internal or external sources Critical aspects of evidence Critical aspects for assessment & evidence required Articulation of organisational values and expectations of behaviour Instances where leadership and decisionmaking have been demonstrated and which have led to positive changes in the workplace Knowledge of leadership styles and concepts Assessment tools Task 1 Part 3 Task 2 Part 1 Task 1 Part 1 Task 1 Part 2 Task 1 Part 3 Task 2 Part 2 Task 1 Part 1 Task 1 Part 2 Task 1 Part 3 Evidence required for each element of competency & performance criteria Performance Criteria Assessment Evidence 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 2.1 2.2 2.3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Task 1: part 1 Task 1: part 2 Task 1: part 3 Task 2: part 1 Task 2: part 2 Note: a check-mark indicates that the activity contributes to the demonstration of competence by the student, not necessarily that it provides sufficient evidence of a student’s competence on its own. 4 © NSW DET 2008 BSBMGT401A Show leadership in the workplace Special conditions of assessment Assessment must ensure access to workplace documents. Recording & reporting of assessment Grade Code: 42 : Competency (Ungraded) The student result is based on the evidence provided to meet the criteria for competence as specified in the unit of competency. The result AC or NC is entered in CLAMS representing Competent or Not yet Competent respectively. 5 © NSW DET 2008 BSBMGT401A Show leadership in the workplace Assessment task 1: Leading by example Part 1 Answer key: 1. Kouzes and Posner’s 5 Practices of Exemplary Leadership is called an ‘evidence-based leadership model’ because: a) It resulted from an intensive research process b) They devised a personal-best leadership survey consisting of 38 openended questions c) They asked ordinary people to describe extraordinary experiences, and analysed their stories to find patterns of success d) All of the above 2. Creating an ideal and unique image of what an organisation can become and getting people to see exciting possibilities for the future is an example of: a) Modelling the way b) Challenging the process c) Creating a shared vision d) Enabling others to act e) Encouraging the heart 3. The practice of ‘encourage the heart’ could best be described as: a) Fostering collaboration and building spirited teams b) Recognising contributions and celebrating accomplishments c) Establishing principles concerning the way people should be treated d) Unravelling bureaucracy when it impedes action 6 © NSW DET 2008 BSBMGT401A Show leadership in the workplace 4. Leaders accept the inevitable disappointments that occur from making mistakes and taking risks because: a) They see them as learning opportunities b) Failure is a part of life c) They don’t have a choice d) They want to show others where they went wrong 5. I could ‘model the way’ for my team members by: a) Working alongside them and demonstrating the correct way to complete tasks b) Complying with my organisation’s policies and procedures c) Create opportunities for team members to achieve their personal and professional goals d) All of the above Part 2 Answer should provide a brief explanation of one of the theories or models of leadership outlined in the reading notes. Answer could include: reference to ensuring that the organisation’s requirements are met, that leader behaviour serves as a positive role model for others, that leaders question behaviours, standards or values considered to be damaging to the organisation, and that leaders ensure that their personal performance contributes to developing an organisation which has integrity and credibility Answer should link this theory with specific suggestions about how the student could develop their own leadership style in a particular circumstance or situation, eg at work. 7 © NSW DET 2008 BSBMGT401A Show leadership in the workplace Part 3 Question 1 Answer should contain reference to the organisation’s vision, values, and David’s customer satisfaction KPI as outlined in the case study. Students could give specific examples of behaviors related to the vision and values. Question 2 Answer should show evidence that the student has assessed their leadership style as one of the following, and that they have considered how this leadership style might affect David: Authoritarian leadership (Autocratic) Authoritarian leaders provide clear expectations for what needs to be done, when it should be done, and how it should be done. There is also a clear division between the leader and the followers. Authoritarian leaders make decisions independently with little or no input from the rest of the group. It is likely that this style might: Inhibit David’s decision-making. Researchers found that decisionmaking was less creative under authoritarian leadership. This would be appropriate if David’s manager is the most knowledgeable member of the group. Be viewed by David as controlling, bossy, and dictatorial. 3 ways a leader could adapt this style to improve the relationship with David could include: Acknowledge David’s experience and previous achievements Ask David how his behaviour could better reflect the organisation’s vision & values Involve David in developing strategies to achieve his customer service KPI Participative leadership (Democratic) Lewin’s study found that participative (democratic) leadership is generally the most effective leadership style. Democratic leaders offer guidance to group members, but they also participate in the group and allow input from other group members. It is likely that this style might: 8 © NSW DET 2008 BSBMGT401A Show leadership in the workplace Assist David to feel valued for his previous contributions Encourage David to participate in developing strategies to improve his performance Ensure that David understands that the final say in decision-making rests with the team leader 3 ways a leader could adapt this style to improve the relationship with David could include: Ask questions to ensure that David is engaged in the decisionmaking process Provide guidance and feedback to monitor performance improvement Consider incentives & rewards to encourage improvement Ensure that David clearly understands the implications if improvements are not made Delegative (Laissez-faire) Delegative leaders offer little or no guidance to group members and leave decision-making up to group members. While this style can be effective in situations where group members are highly qualified in an area of expertise, it often leads to poorly defined roles and a lack of motivation. It is likely that this style might: Lead David to believe that his behaviour is acceptable because of lack of feedback Cause David to continue to make decisions that continue to adversely affect his customer service performance Contribute further to David’s apparent lack of motivation or understanding of his role Be appreciated by David if he does not see that there is a problem. 3 ways a leader could adapt this style to improve the relationship with David could include: Provide David with clear guidelines about what the organisation expects of him Ask questions to ensure that he understands and appreciates his role 9 © NSW DET 2008 BSBMGT401A Show leadership in the workplace Provide feedback to monitor and encourage performance improvement. Question 3 Performance plan should contain: A performance goal/target KPI that is specific measurable, achievable, realistic, time-frames & trackable A list of logical, relevant and specific action steps designed to achieve the goal/target/KPI. Check that the action steps include monitoring strategies (and/or that these are listed after the performance plan), and that the final action step indicates determining the achievement of the goal. A timeframe, or due by date, for each action step An indication of the person/s responsible for completing or contributing towards the completion of each action step A list of resources (could be training space, equipment, stationery, materials) and approximate costs where applicable. 10 © NSW DET 2008 BSBMGT401A Show leadership in the workplace Assessment task 2: Implementing and evaluating customer service strategies Part 1 Answer should contain: Copies of two examples of policies/procedures. A list of values (general words/phrases expressing underlying beliefs) that are reflected in each of the above documents submitted, for example work/life balance, quality. A list of specific workplace behaviours exhibited by both managers and staff that would enhance the image of the organisation internally & externally. In relation to the two values above, behaviours might include: o Work/life balance: taking regular holidays (all); facilitating the leave requests of team members (managers) o Quality: completing all tasks to the required quality standard (all); monitoring task completion to required standard & rewarding high quality work (managers) Part 2 Question 1 Part A Answer should include description of a range of methods used to gather information about the problem eg observation of the work performance of Bill or Kosta, talking with Kosta or Bill, asking questions of team-mates, interviewing customers, reviewing company documents such as payroll records (incident 1), sales targets & quotes (incident 2). Students could address the following questions: What do I think is wrong? What is the issue or situation that needs to improve? What is the opportunity I need to respond to? 11 © NSW DET 2008 BSBMGT401A Show leadership in the workplace What are the signals that tell me there is a problem, issue or opportunity? Is this really ‘my’ problem? Does it really belong to someone else? How can I best bring it to their attention? Part B Others to be involved in the decision-making process could include: team members company manager other team leaders customers or suppliers. Part C Answer should show consideration of: different ways to deal with the same problem coming up with two or more options using input from other people involved Analysing risks could involve taking each of the options identified above and indicating: what resources would be needed for each option (people, materials, money or time) the positive and negative things that could happen if any of these options are implemented how the negative consequences could be dealt with. Part D Answer should indicate the preferred option from the list above, with reasons why this solution is recommended. Students should particularly indicate the challenges or difficulties they would face implementing this solution. Their answer should address how their performance should contribute to the company’s integrity and credibility by referring to the information in Case Study #2 about the Car Company’s vision & values. Students could also refer to their learning from the reading notes on ethical tests & guidelines, for example: Know and live by your values Be ethically watchful Avoid euphemisms Recognise people as people Refrain from rationalising 12 © NSW DET 2008 BSBMGT401A Show leadership in the workplace Find your balance Seek guidance Part E Students should provide a description of what methods they would use to consult with others in the development of a plan to implement the solution. In particular, answers should include reference to how Bill or Kosta could be encouraged to use the organisation’s standards & values. They could include methods discussed in the reading notes ‘Enhance organisation’s image’ such as: lead with a purpose empower your team to participate in decision-making aim for agreement among team members direct the team interactions Question 2 Students should use the action plan template to record: How they will go about implementing the decision in a number of specific, logical, relevant actions steps Who’ll they would need to involve/consult with at each step What resources would be needed at each step When each step would be complete, or how long each step might be expected to take. Question 3 Answers should briefly describe how the plan would be communicated to those that are involved or impacted by it. For example: Email Intranet Memo Discussion Information session One-on-one discussions Team meetings or briefings Voicemail Whatever methods are recommended, there should be a way for people to ask questions and to clarify points that they are unsure about. 13 © NSW DET 2008 BSBMGT401A Show leadership in the workplace Answers could also indicate why the method/s were recommended (see reading notes ‘Enhance organisation’s image) Question 4 In reviewing the decision-making process and the effectiveness of the solution, students should explain how they could gather & analyse relevant information. They could refer to: Direct observation Survey questionnaires Interviews Focus groups, and Reading Students could explain how they could reflect on this information to address questions such as: Did things go according to plan? How did I deal with the unexpected? Did I feel OK with the result? What feedback did I get from my team members, manager, customers and suppliers? How are my problem-solving and decision-making skills? Are they improving? Reviews of decision-making could address: Chosen solutions have been implemented as planned: o That there are monitoring measures in place o The measures are being used, i.e. read, examined and analysed o The measures are being used correctly. The solution is working, that is: o Have the changes made to address the problem had the outcome that was planned or envisaged? o Has the problem been solved or adequately reduced? o Have any of the processes, influences or factors surrounding the area in which the problem arose changed, and if so has that change caused any alteration in the problem and its effects? Are there any new or additional issues or problems: 14 © NSW DET 2008 BSBMGT401A Show leadership in the workplace o Have new problems or the potential for new problems arisen anywhere in the area being examined? o Have any of the introduced solutions caused a worsening of the potential of future problems? 15 © NSW DET 2008