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Advanced Placement United States History Unit 10 Vocabulary: World War I and the Roaring 20s Chapter 31: The War to End War Neutrality U-Boats Lusitania Immigrant loyalty Sussex pledge Election of 1916 Unrestricted submarine warfare Zimmerman note “a war to end all wars” “a war to make the world safe for democracy” Fourteen Points George Creel & Committee on Public Information “Over There” Anti-Germanism (Wagner, Bach, Liberty Cabbage) Espionage and Sedition Acts Schenck v. U.S. IWW (Wobblies) War Industries Board “work or fight” National War Labor Board Samuel Gompers and AFL Race and Unions Food Administration “victory gardens” 18th Amendment Victory Loans Conscription American Expeditionary Force Armistice Day League of Nations Treaty of Versailles Wilson’s Tour Harding’s ‘normalcy’ Chapter 32: American Life in the Roaring Twenties Red scare Scopes Trial Palmer Raids Advertising Sacco and Vanzetti Credit/installment plans Ku Klux Klan Model T “Bible Belt” Autos and youth “New Immigration” Wright Bros//Lindbergh Emergency Quota Act of 1921 “Amos ‘n’ Andy” Immigration Act of 1924 Birth of a Nation 18th Amendment/Volstead Act Margaret Sanger “speakeasies” Flappers Al Capone Jazz Louis Armstrong Duke Ellington Harlem Renaissance Marcus Garvey F. Scott Fitzgerald Ernest Hemingway William Faulkner Langston Hughes Buying on margin Mellon’s tax cuts Chapter 33: The Politics of Boom and Bust Warren G. Harding Dawes Plan of 1924 Adkins v. Children’s Hospital Election of 1828 ‘Return’ to Laissez faire Hawley-Smoot Tariff of 1930 Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928 Black Tuesday Tariffs in the 1920s “Brother, Can You Spare a Teapot Dome Scandal Dime?” Election of 1924 “plague of plenty” Reparations and Germany “overexpansion of credit” Hoover blankets Hoovervilles Hoover’s response Reconstruction Finance Corporation Bonus Army Japan and Manchuria Advanced Placement United States History Unit 09 Outline: World War I and the Roaring 20s Chapter 31: The War to End War I. Origins of World War I A. Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism led to war in 1914 B. U.S. maintained ‘neutrality’ while selling arms and lending to the British C. The sinking of the Lusitania, the Zimmerman Note, and commercial ties to Britain led to U.S. declaring war in 1917. II. United States’ Involvement in War A. Support was maintained through propaganda 1. Wilson framed the war as being fought for democracy 2. George Creel helped create posters, lectures, and films 3. Gov’t programs like the National War Labor Board and ‘liberty gardens’ helped create a unified culture. 4. Three million men were drafted B. Dissent was suppressed 1. The Espionage and Sedition Acts made impeding the war effort illegal 2. The Supreme Court upheld these laws in Schenck v. U.S. C. American troops and supplies proved decisive and an armistice was signed on 11/11/18. III. Establishing a Post-War Peace A. Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points 1. Freedom of the seas, free trade, reduction of armaments, open alliances, self-determination 2. League of Nations B. Allies were more interested in punishing Germany 2. War guilt clause, reparations C. The Treaty of Versailles 1. Punishment won out as Wilson’s 14 Points were watered down or eliminated. 2. Despite Wilson’s efforts the Senate refused to ratify the treaty or join the League of Nations 3. The U.S. retreated to isolationism Chapter 32: American Life in the Roaring Twenties I. Life in the 1920s centered on the conflict between fundamentalism/tradition and modernity. A. Fundamentalism 1. Nativism led to restrictive immigration laws and persecution of anarchists and socialists 2. Alcohol was made illegal by the 18th Amendment 3. Segregation, the reemergence of the KKK, and popular culture maintained and reinforced racism. 4. Christianity continued to flourish in the face of emerging scientific beliefs, especially evolution. B. Modernity 1. New technology led to culturally disruptive inventions like the car and the radio. 2. Harlem Renaissance writers and jazz challenged America’s racial social/economic system while celebrating its social ideals. 3. “The Lost Generation” criticized the superficiality of American society 4. Modern scientific teachings like evolution challenged traditional religious beliefs. 5. Women employed new modes of dress an increased sexual freedoms. II. Throughout the 1920s the economy, and economic inequality, grew rapidly A. Technology fueled economic growth as electrification led to the radio and various household appliances. B. Car ownership increased from 1% of Americans in 1910 to 60% in 1930 C. Increased education fueled economic growth and inequality D. Continuous stock market gains fueled speculation. E. Expanded credit led to increased purchasing power. F. Buying on margin allowed for the purchase of stock with credit. G. Increased economic inequality led to an economic slowdown and a panic to sell off stock Chapter 33: The Politics of Boom and Bust I. Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover preached reduced gov’t involvement in the economy (laissez-faire) A. Tariff rates were reduced. B. Tax rates for the wealthy were reduced. II. Europe in the 1920s was plagued by economic crises. A. The Dawes Plan was attempt to help Germany pay off war reparations with the help of American bankers. B. The Kellogg-Briand Pact was an agreement made by many nations to not go to war. III. Gov’t response to the Stock Market crash was either insufficient or catastrophic. A. The building of the Hoover Dam and the Reconstruction Finance Corporation were failed attempts to buoy the economy. B. The Hawley-Smoot Tariff attempted to boost the economy by increasing domestic consumption. In reality it just destroyed international trade and further exacerbated the crisis.