Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Activities and Resources Elective Unit 4 Econonic Activities Session 3 Spring 2005 Matching Exercise A B All the industries in a country that make and sell goods and services The collecting of goods made by nature D C Providing services for people More secondary and tertiary industry E F Improving people’s lives Making goods from raw materials. 1. Economic growth 2. Tertiary industry 3. Primary industry 4. The economy 5. Development 6. Secondary industry Statement Term A B C 2 D E F Mapwork on Inequality Plotting a distribution Colouring pencils, an atlas and a blank copy of Peter’s Projection map of the world are needed for this activity Study the sheet ‘Human Development Report 2004’ which shows countries ranked according to the level of their HDI Draw up a colour key for the 3 categories: High Human Development, Medium Human Development, Low Human Development. Choose 10 countries in each category and shade them in on the map. or In groups of three each person shades in one of the categories on the map Draw conclusions from the distribution GNP/GNI could be plotted in the same way using the information on the sheet ‘GNP per capita 2003’ GNP/GNI 2001 Describing a distribution Note the title and date Study the colour key/legend Identify the areas with different values Name the areas with different values Describe the distribution of GNP/GNI per capita Draw a conclusion about the distribution of GNP/GNI per capita from your study of the its distribution. 3 Peter’s Map 4 5 6 Statistical Work on HDI and GNP/GNI The statistics in the table ‘HDI and GDP Statistics’ below provide up to date information on a number of countries. HDI and GDP Statistics Country HDI HDI rank Ireland France Italy Norway Hungary India Brazil Ethiopia Nigeria Saudi Japan USA Thailand Austria China Australia 2002 0.936 0.932 0.920 0.956 0.848 0.595 0.775 0.359 0.466 0.768 0.938 0.939 0.768 0.934 0.745 0.946 2002 10 16 21 1 38 127 72 170 151 77 9 8 76 14 94 3 GDP per capita in purchasing power parity US$ 2002 36,360 26,920 26,430 36,600 13,400 2,670 7,770 780 860 12,650 26,940 35,750 7,010 29,220 4,580 28,260 Rank of GDP per capita in PPP US$ 2002 3 16 18 2 41 117 63 169 166 44 15 4 67 10 99 12 Difference between HDI rank and GDP rank 2002 -7 0 -3 1 3 -10 -9 -1 15 -33 6 -4 -9 -4 5 9 1. Locate all of the countries in the table on a map of the world. 2. Put the countries in rank order according to their HDI with 1 being the highest value. 3. Put the countries in order of their GDP with 1 being the highest value. 4. Choose a suitable graph type to show the HDI information then draw a graph of the information. Explain why you chose the particular graph. Describe what the graph shows about the levels of HDI in different countries. 5.. Using information from the sheets ‘GNP per Capita’ and ‘The Human Development Report 2004’ or the table above ‘HDI and GDP Statistics’ fill in the table below. 7 Country HDI Rank GNP/GNI or GDP Rank Difference Ireland Ethiopia India USA Norway Saudi Arabia France Nigeria Italy Hungary Japan Thailand Australia China Brazil Positive differences between the HDI rank and the GNP/GDP rank means the country is rated higher for human development than it is for income. Negative differences mean the country is not doing as well in human development terms as it is in income. Draw conclusions from the table. Read the article ‘Human Development Report Documents Catastrophic Impact of Aids in Africa’ then answer the question: How has aids affected the HDI in many Sub Saharan African countries? 8 9 10 Development Compass Rose This is a technique for examining stimulus materials such as photographs, cartoons or issues from a development perspective. It is based on the idea that most situations have a natural, economic, social and political aspect. Natural (energy air, water, soil etc.) Who decides Economic (power, choices) (money, trading, aid ----) Social (people, culture, gender, race --) Compass Rose Example Natural What river processes are likely to be at work? What soil types would you get in this area? How could natural processes affect peoples’ lives in this area Who decides? Economic What decisions have to be made? Who makes the decisions? What role does the government play in the area? What natural resources are available? What infrastructure is present? How do the people make their living? What type of technology have the people? Social How many people are there? Why are the people in a group? Who is doing the work? Who is relaxing? 11 Trade Cartoon Draw up a list of questions on the cartoon below using the Development Compass Rose. Pose the following questions for Is this payment big or small? Who does this hand represent? Who does this hand represent? How many trucks are there? Is this payment big or small? What type of products are these? Why is this tank being bought? Using words from the list below describe what you think the cartoonist was trying to say with this cartoon. developing, manufactured, primary, developed, arms, producers, cheap, arms, trade, imports, exports, expensive, elites, government Trade Chains This activity shows how trade has developed in post colonial times. Photocopy the cards and cut them up. Revise the terms which come up in the cards. Distribute sets of the cards to groups and ask them to put them into the correct order. (The cards are in the correct order on the sheet) Take feedback from the groups and discuss the issues raised by the activity. 12 13 Defining Globalization Discuss the definitions and diamond rank them according to their usefulness. Place the definition you think is most useful in position 1 and the one you think is least useful in position 3. The others are then put in position 2. 1 2 2 2 3 A Globalization describes how people, goods, ideas and money can move around the world faster and cheaper than ever before B Globalization is the increasing connectedness of countries and peoples around the world C Globalization involves the erosion of the political, social and economic boundaries of nation states and markets D Globalization is a widening, deepening and speeding up of interconnectedness in all aspects of social and economic life E Globalization reduces the geographical restrictions on social and cultural links around the world Identify key words in the definitions. Use the key words to draw up your own definition of globalization. Globalization has winners and losers Pairs of students should be given one of the cards on page 8 and asked to identify who wins and who loses in the situation described on the card. Then pairs can feed back what they found out to the class and a class list made up. 14 15 16 17 18 Statistics from the Adidas Social and Environmental Report of 2002 Net sales by Region (Euros in millions) Year 2002 3200 Europe 1960 North America 1166 Asia 163 Latin America 2001 3066 1818 1010 178 2000 2860 1906 875 171 Location of factories 420 Asia 182 Americas 226 Europe 828 World total The information below is reproduced under the headings it appears under in the report. So for whatever reason South Africa appears under Europe. Numbers of factories in individual countries Asia Americas cont’d Europe cont’d Australia 11 Mexico 36 South Africa Cambodia 3 Peru 8 Spain China 104 Uruguay 1 Sweden Hong Kong 5 USA 38 Switzerland India 13 Syria Indonesia 28 Europe Tunisia Japan 51 Albania 2 Turkey Korea 46 Austria 2 UK Lao PDR 2 Belgium 1 Ukraine Macau 3 Bosnia 1 Malaysia 24 Bulgaria 7 Mauritius 2 Croatia 1 New Zealand 6 Denmark 1 Pakistan 6 Egypt 1 Philippines 22 Estonia 2 Singapore 7 Finland 1 Sri Lanka 3 France 5 Taiwan 27 Germany 8 Thailand 30 Greece 5 Vietnam 27 Hungary 7 Ireland 1 Americas Israel 4 Argentina 18 Italy 26 Brazil 29 Latvia 2 Canada 24 Macedonia 3 Chile 2 Monaco 4 Columbia 5 Poland 1 El Salvador 9 Portugal 45 Guatemala 4 Romania 9 Honduras 8 Russia 7 19 13 2 2 1 3 12 27 8 2 Staff 'exploited' in Olympic rush Sportswear firms are ignoring workers' rights in a rush to get goods on the shelves in time for the Olympics, say Oxfam and UK trade unions. Low wages, forced overtime and curbs on trade unions are in place at sports clothing factories all over the world, they claim. The report points to standards being undermined for workers in countries such as Cambodia, China and Thailand. The 2004 Olympics will take place in Athens, beginning on 13 August. Oxfam and the Trades Union Congress (TUC) said suppliers were forcing their staff to work longer hours for less money, keeping them in a life of poverty. Companies were accused of employing "ruthless" tactics to produce the latest sportswear cheaper and faster. Those countries also picked out by the report were Bulgaria, Indonesia and Turkey. Sweatshops Nike, Adidas, Puma and Umbro were among the firms examined in a drive to crack down on sweatshop labour, called 'Play Fair at the Olympics'. Sports manufacturers broadly welcomed the Play Fair campaign and said they were working towards improving and safeguarding conditions for workers. Nike said it welcomed the report and was working with independent groups to improve working conditions. Adidas said it already had a code of conduct in place which requires its suppliers to comply with core labour standards. Puma, meanwhile, said its was "sceptical" of Oxfam's findings relating its clothing sources and UK sportswear firm Umbro had no immediate comment. Campaigners accused companies of being "superficial" and said they were often ignored by buyers who employed "cut-throat tactics" to reach targets. 20 Irish Trade Statistics Contrast the origin of exports with the origin of imports 21 Plot a graph to show the changes in our imports between 1995 and 2003 Plot a graph to show the changes in our exports between 1995 and 2003 22 Ireland: Exports 䦋㌌㏒㧀좈琰茞ᓀ㵂Ü Ireland: Imports Year Thousand Euro 䦋㌌㏒㧀좈琰茞ᓀ㵂Ü Year Thousand Euro 1995 35,330,081 䦋㌌㏒㧀좈琰茞ᓀ㵂Ü 1995 26,180,856 1996 38,608,926 䦋㌌㏒㧀좈琰茞ᓀ㵂Ü 1996 28,479,463 1997 44,867,973 䦋㌌㏒㧀좈琰茞ᓀ㵂Ü 1997 32,863,488 1998 57,321,818 䦋㌌㏒㧀좈琰茞ᓀ㵂Ü 1998 39,714,995 1999 66,956,209 䦋㌌㏒㧀좈琰茞ᓀ㵂Ü 1999 44,327,064 2000 83,888,900 䦋㌌㏒㧀좈琰茞ᓀ㵂Ü 2000 55,908,800 2001 92,689,900 䦋㌌㏒㧀좈琰茞ᓀ㵂Ü 2001 57,384,200 2002 93,675,200 䦋㌌㏒㧀좈琰茞ᓀ㵂Ü 2002 55,628,100 2003 81,995,100 䦋㌌㏒㧀좈琰茞ᓀ㵂Ü 2003 47,853,600 Direction of EU Trade 23 Statistics on Ireland's Net EU Receipts Year Receipts from EU budgets (€ m) Payments to EU budgets (€ m) 2003 2,690.8 1,127.5 1,563.3 1.4% 2002 2,545.0 1100.0 1,445.0 1.5% 2001 2,488.8 1,220.0 1,265.3 1.15% 2000 2,602.1 1,075.0 1,527.1 1.9% 1999 2,678.9 1,050.9 1,628.0 1.9% 1998 3,015.9 989.4 2,026.5 2.9% 1997 3,179.9 652.0 2,527.9 3.4% 1996 2,818.2 687.1 2,131.1 3.8% 1995 2,568.9 689.2 1,879.7 4.0% 1994 2,338.1 641.9 1,696.2 3.8% 1993 2,850.9 575.8 2,275.1 3.8% 1992 2,531.9 448.7 2,083.1 5.5% 1991 2,794.9 442.1 2,352.8 5.5% 1990 2,210.6 359.2 1,851.4 5.4% 1989 1,644.7 362.6 1,282.1 4.0% 1988 1,474.9 314.6 1,160.3 4.0% 1987 1,397.1 324.0 1,073.1 4.0% 1986 1,455.9 305.1 1,150.8 4.6% 1985 1,433.2 270.8 1,162.3 4.9% 1984 1,100.5 257.1 843.4 4.0% 1983 924.0 234.5 689.5 3.6% 1982 764.4 173.6 590.9 3.5% 1981 643.6 133.8 509.7 3.5% 1980 711.8 112.9 598.9 5.0% 1979 671.8 76.9 594.9 5.9% 1978 520.8 58.5 462.3 5.4% 24 Net EU receipts (€ m) % of GDP/GNI 1977 346.5 28.1 318.5 4.4% 1976 151.7 17.0 134.7 2.3% 1975 138.5 12.4 126.1 2.6% 1974 85.6 7.0 78.6 2.0% 1973 47.1 5.7 41.4 1.2% 45,973.1 11,433.7 34,359.4 1973-2002 - €34 billion Source: European Commission % of GNI Without Current UK GCM with -0.35% correction correction threshold & cap at € 7.5 bn Proposed GCM + transitional period (1) (2) (3) (4) Belgium(*) 1,32% 1,21% 1,26% 1,26% Czech Republic 3,26% 3,17% 3,20% 3,20% Denmark -0,20% -0,31% -0,26% -0,26% Germany -0,52% -0,54% -0,48% -0,49% Estonia 3,85% 3,76% 3,79% 3,78% Greece 2,25% 2,16% 2,19% 2,19% 25 Spain 0,32% 0,23% 0,26% 0,25% France -0,27% -0,37% -0,33% -0,34% Ireland 0,56% 0,47% 0,51% 0,50% Italy -0,29% -0,41% -0,35% -0,36% [1] Cyprus -0,28% -0,37% -0,33% -0,34% Latvia 4,51% 4,40% 4,45% 4,44% Lithuania 4,50% 4,41% 4,44% 4,43% Luxembourg(*) 5,89% 5,80% 5,83% 5,83% Hungary 3,15% 3,06% 3,09% 3,09% Malta 1,16% 1,06% 1,10% 1,09% Netherlands -0,55% -0,56% -0,48% -0,50% Austria -0,37% -0,38% -0,41% -0,41% Poland 3,85% 3,76% 3,79% 3,79% Portugal 1,60% 1,50% 1,54% 1,53% Slovenia 1,40% 1,31% 1,34% 1,33% Slovakia 3,36% 3,27% 3,30% 3,30% Finland -0,14% -0,25% -0,20% -0,20% Sweden -0,47% -0,50% -0,45% -0,46% United Kingdom -0,62% -0,25% -0,51% -0,46% (*) When excluding administrative expenditure, Belgium and Luxembourg would appear as net contributors [1] Estimates based on areas controlled by the Republic of Cyprus. About the BMW Region The B.M.W. Region comprises the three constituent NUTS III Regional Authority areas, covering thirteen counties in total. Demographic Profile The BMW Region is sparsely populated and essentially rural in character. While it covers 47% of the state's landmass, it only contains 27% of the population. Its weak urban base is exemplified by the fact that only 32% of its population resides in concentrations of more than 1,500 people compared to the national average of 58%. The region has only one major urban centre, namely Galway. 26 The region has suffered from high levels of outward migration as the local population had to move outside of the Region in search of employment opportunities. In this regard it is notable that the population increase in the period 1991 to 1996 averaged 2.8% for the state as a whole while the BMW Region only experienced a 1.7% increase in population. Further to this, the region has a lower proportion of the its population in the active working age cohorts, with high levels of age dependency as a result. Some of the larger towns in the Region have experienced significant population growth in recent years, however, much of this growth would appear to arise from a reduction in the number of people engaged in agriculture and greater urbanisation and centralisation of activity. Economic Profile It is notable that while the Region accounts for 47% of the landmass and 27% of the population, it only accounts for 21% of Gross Value Added (GVA) - a measure of economic activity. While the level of GVA has improved in nominal terms - growing by over 7% per annum between 1991 and 1996 - it has deteriorated relative to the State as a whole. On a sectoral basis, the prominence of primary production in agriculture, forestry and fishing is reflected in the fact that the area accounts for 35% of total National GVA in this sector, a share which has nominally increased over the period 1991 to 1996, while its share of National GVA in Industry (19%) and Services (18.7%) has actually declined over the same period. Virtually all of the land in the region is classified as 'severely handicapped' or 'less severely handicapped'. There is also a high dependence on income supports and other transfer payments in the region. Industry (including building/construction) accounts for 40% of output 27 in the Region, equivalent to the National average. Services is by far the largest single sector at 51%, and is growing further in importance. Despite the economic handicaps the Region suffers, it does possess considerable economic potential. It is an area with a relatively unspoilt environment, very little congestion and many spots of outstanding natural beauty, particularly its mountains and coastline. It has the nucleus of a strong urban structure and the possibilities of arresting rural decline. All of these attributes are factors of critical importance to economic and social development, in particular the incubation or attraction of modern industry and services. Employment and Earnings The labour force in the BMW Region represents nearly 25% of the national labour force. However, it shows significant differences as regards employment levels, skills/qualifications, female participation rates and earnings relative to the total labour force. Employment levels in the Region rose by 15% in the period 1986 to 1996, compared with an increase of over 20% in the state as a whole. Unemployment rates remain higher, particularly along the western seaboard. The proportion of the labour force that had completed second or third level education is 44% in the region compared with 52% in the Southern and Eastern Region. The proportion of the labour force employed in unskilled occupations is higher in the region and the percentage employed in professional occupations is lower than the National average. Educational Attainment The level of educational attainment among those residing in the Region is illustrated in the fact that 42% of the Region's population had obtained primary level education only, compared with 34% for the State as a whole. It is notable that, at 11%, the Region has a higher university level participation rate among school leavers than the state as a whole, at 10%. It is also notable that while the Region provides 28% of national university students, only 13% of graduates coming from the BMW Region are employed within the Region. The lack of suitable job opportunities for skilled labour along with the lower level of economic and social development in the Region would appear to be significant factors in the choices made by graduates. Disadvantaged Areas In spite of the economic progress of recent years, pockets of poverty and disadvantage re evident throughout the Region. Within the B.M.W. Region, the larger urban areas of Galway, Drogheda and Dundalk exhibit some of the key symptoms of extreme disadvantage in terms of the level of unemployment and other relevant indicators. In addition, more remote rural areas such as the Connemara and Donegal Gaeltachts, Inishowen, Leitrim, West Mayo and parts of Roscommon and Cavan display the manifestations of rural deprivation in terms of high age dependency rates, low educational and skills attainment, concentrations of nonviable holdings and unemployment. Infrastructure The B.M.W. Region is largely rural with a widely dispersed population and heavy reliance on employment sectors which, by their nature are small-scale and dispersed (e.g. Agriculture, Fisheries, Aquaculture, Tourism etc.) Consequently, the Region is very dependent on locallyprovided and maintained infrastructure. Commuting in the region generally involves relatively longer distances, largely along poorer quality non-national roads, requiring private means of transport because of the lack of a satisfactory regional and local public transport system. This is reflected in the fact that only 4% of the Region's population rely on public transport to get to work compared to 11% for the state as a whole. All but two of the country's significant commercial ports, Galway and Sligo, are in the Southern and Eastern Region. There is a strong case for investment in telecommunications infrastructure in the B.M.W. Region. Border, Midland & Western Regional Operational Programme 28 Local Infrastructure Local Enterprise Development Agriculture & Rural Development Social Inclusion & Childcare Southern & Eastern Regional Operational Programme Kyoto Protocol 29 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Ireland 1990=100 135 131.0 2008-2012 target 128.3 124.0 130 125 120.0 117.0 111.0 108.0 115 110 106.0 102.0 120 104.0 103.0 105 100.0 100 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 30 Graph 10.5 Ireland: River water quality, 1987-2000 % of channel length Quality 1987-1990 1991-1994 1995-1997 1998-2000 Unpolluted 77.3 71.2 67.0 69.8 Slightly polluted 12.0 16.8 18.2 17.0 Moderately polluted 9.7 11.4 13.8 12.4 Seriously polluted 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.8 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 River Water Quality 1987 - 2000 % of channel length 100 80 Unpolluted 60 Slightly polluted 40 20 0 1987-1990 1991-1994 1995-1997 1998-2000 Source: Environmental Protection Agency 31 Moderately polluted Seriously polluted Credits Page 4 Arno Peters map Page 5 United Nations Development Programme(UNDP) Human Development Report Page 6 World Bank Report Page 7 UNDP statistics Page 8 UNDP Page 10 Development Education Centre, Birmingham Page 11 Uncredited cartoon ‘Thin Black Lines’ Colm Regan 1988 Pages 13, 15, Activities from Trocaires, ‘Trade and Globalisation’ Page 16 UNDP statistics Page 18 http://ucatlas.ucsc.edu/homehtml Page 19 Adidas Social and Environmental Report 2002 Page 20 BBC Pagse 21, 22, 23 Central Statistics Office Page 23 http://ucatlas.ucsc.edu/homehtml Pages 24, 25, 26 finfacts Ireland Business and Finance Portal Pages 26, 27, 28 BMW Regional Authority Pages 29, 30, 31 CSO Web Sites http://ucatlas.ucsc.edu/homehtml http://hdr.undp.org/2004/ http://cso.ie 32