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Activities and Resources
Elective Unit 4
Econonic Activities
Session 3
Spring 2005
Matching Exercise
A
B
All the industries in a
country that make
and sell goods and
services
The collecting of
goods made by
nature
D
C
Providing services
for people
More secondary and
tertiary industry
E
F
Improving people’s
lives
Making goods from
raw materials.
1. Economic growth
2. Tertiary industry
3. Primary industry
4. The economy
5. Development
6. Secondary industry
Statement
Term
A
B
C
2
D
E
F
Mapwork on Inequality
Plotting a distribution
Colouring pencils, an atlas and a blank copy of Peter’s Projection map of the world
are needed for this activity
 Study the sheet ‘Human Development Report 2004’ which shows countries
ranked according to the level of their HDI
 Draw up a colour key for the 3 categories: High Human Development,
Medium Human Development, Low Human Development.
 Choose 10 countries in each category and shade them in on the map.
or
 In groups of three each person shades in one of the categories on the map
 Draw conclusions from the distribution
GNP/GNI could be plotted in the same way using the information on the sheet ‘GNP
per capita 2003’
GNP/GNI 2001
Describing a distribution
 Note the title and date
 Study the colour key/legend
 Identify the areas with different values
 Name the areas with different values
Describe the distribution of GNP/GNI per capita
Draw a conclusion about the distribution of GNP/GNI per capita from your study of
the its distribution.
3
Peter’s Map
4
5
6
Statistical Work on HDI and GNP/GNI
The statistics in the table ‘HDI and GDP Statistics’ below provide up to date
information on a number of countries.
HDI and GDP Statistics
Country
HDI
HDI
rank
Ireland
France
Italy
Norway
Hungary
India
Brazil
Ethiopia
Nigeria
Saudi
Japan
USA
Thailand
Austria
China
Australia
2002
0.936
0.932
0.920
0.956
0.848
0.595
0.775
0.359
0.466
0.768
0.938
0.939
0.768
0.934
0.745
0.946
2002
10
16
21
1
38
127
72
170
151
77
9
8
76
14
94
3
GDP per
capita in
purchasing
power
parity US$
2002
36,360
26,920
26,430
36,600
13,400
2,670
7,770
780
860
12,650
26,940
35,750
7,010
29,220
4,580
28,260
Rank of
GDP per
capita in
PPP US$
2002
3
16
18
2
41
117
63
169
166
44
15
4
67
10
99
12
Difference
between
HDI rank
and GDP
rank
2002
-7
0
-3
1
3
-10
-9
-1
15
-33
6
-4
-9
-4
5
9
1. Locate all of the countries in the table on a map of the world.
2. Put the countries in rank order according to their HDI with 1 being the highest
value.
3. Put the countries in order of their GDP with 1 being the highest value.
4. Choose a suitable graph type to show the HDI information then draw a graph of
the information. Explain why you chose the particular graph. Describe what the
graph shows about the levels of HDI in different countries.
5.. Using information from the sheets ‘GNP per Capita’ and ‘The Human
Development Report 2004’ or the table above ‘HDI and GDP Statistics’ fill in the
table below.
7
Country
HDI Rank
GNP/GNI or
GDP Rank
Difference
Ireland
Ethiopia
India
USA
Norway
Saudi Arabia
France
Nigeria
Italy
Hungary
Japan
Thailand
Australia
China
Brazil
Positive differences between the HDI rank and the GNP/GDP rank means the country
is rated higher for human development than it is for income. Negative differences
mean the country is not doing as well in human development terms as it is in income.
Draw conclusions from the table.
Read the article ‘Human Development Report Documents Catastrophic Impact of
Aids in Africa’ then answer the question:
How has aids affected the HDI in many Sub Saharan African countries?
8
9
10
Development Compass Rose
This is a technique for examining stimulus materials such as photographs, cartoons or
issues from a development perspective. It is based on the idea that most situations
have a natural, economic, social and political aspect.
Natural
(energy air, water, soil etc.)
Who decides
Economic
(power, choices)
(money, trading, aid ----)
Social
(people, culture, gender, race --)
Compass Rose Example
Natural
What river processes are likely to be at work?
What soil types would you get in this area?
How could natural processes affect peoples’ lives in this area
Who decides?
Economic
What decisions
have to be made?
Who makes the
decisions?
What role does the
government play
in the area?
What natural
resources are
available?
What
infrastructure is
present?
How do the people
make their living?
What type of
technology have
the people?
Social
How many people are there?
Why are the people in a group?
Who is doing the work?
Who is relaxing?
11
Trade Cartoon
Draw up a list of questions on the cartoon below using the
Development Compass Rose.
Pose the following questions for
Is this payment big or small?
Who does this hand represent?
Who does this hand represent?
How many trucks are there?
Is this payment big or small?
What type of products are these?
Why is this tank being bought?
Using words from the list below describe what you think the cartoonist was trying to
say with this cartoon.
developing, manufactured, primary, developed, arms, producers, cheap,
arms, trade, imports, exports, expensive, elites, government
Trade Chains
This activity shows how trade has developed in post colonial times.
Photocopy the cards and cut them up.
Revise the terms which come up in the cards.
Distribute sets of the cards to groups and ask them to put them into the correct order.
(The cards are in the correct order on the sheet)
Take feedback from the groups and discuss the issues raised by the activity.
12
13
Defining Globalization
Discuss the definitions and diamond rank them according to their usefulness.
Place the definition you think is most useful in position 1 and the one you think is
least useful in position 3. The others are then put in position 2.
1
2
2
2
3
A
Globalization describes
how people, goods, ideas
and money can move
around the world faster
and cheaper than ever
before
B
Globalization is the
increasing
connectedness of
countries and peoples
around the world
C
Globalization involves
the erosion of the
political, social and
economic boundaries of
nation states and
markets
D
Globalization is a
widening, deepening
and speeding up of
interconnectedness in
all aspects of social and
economic life
E
Globalization reduces
the geographical
restrictions on social
and cultural links
around the world
Identify key words in the definitions. Use the key words to draw up your own
definition of globalization.
Globalization has winners and losers
Pairs of students should be given one of the cards on page 8 and asked to identify who
wins and who loses in the situation described on the card. Then pairs can feed back
what they found out to the class and a class list made up.
14
15
16
17
18
Statistics from the Adidas Social and Environmental Report of 2002
Net sales by Region (Euros in millions)
Year
2002
3200
Europe
1960
North America
1166
Asia
163
Latin America
2001
3066
1818
1010
178
2000
2860
1906
875
171
Location of factories
420
Asia
182
Americas
226
Europe
828
World total
The information below is reproduced under the headings it appears under in the
report. So for whatever reason South Africa appears under Europe.
Numbers of factories in individual countries
Asia
Americas cont’d
Europe cont’d
Australia
11
Mexico
36
South Africa
Cambodia
3
Peru
8
Spain
China
104
Uruguay
1
Sweden
Hong Kong 5
USA
38
Switzerland
India
13
Syria
Indonesia
28
Europe
Tunisia
Japan
51
Albania
2
Turkey
Korea
46
Austria
2
UK
Lao PDR
2
Belgium
1
Ukraine
Macau
3
Bosnia
1
Malaysia
24
Bulgaria
7
Mauritius
2
Croatia
1
New Zealand 6
Denmark
1
Pakistan
6
Egypt
1
Philippines
22
Estonia
2
Singapore
7
Finland
1
Sri Lanka
3
France
5
Taiwan
27
Germany
8
Thailand
30
Greece
5
Vietnam
27
Hungary
7
Ireland
1
Americas
Israel
4
Argentina
18
Italy
26
Brazil
29
Latvia
2
Canada
24
Macedonia
3
Chile
2
Monaco
4
Columbia
5
Poland
1
El Salvador
9
Portugal
45
Guatemala
4
Romania
9
Honduras
8
Russia
7
19
13
2
2
1
3
12
27
8
2
Staff 'exploited' in Olympic rush
Sportswear firms are ignoring workers' rights in a rush to
get goods on the shelves in time for the Olympics, say Oxfam
and UK trade unions.
Low wages, forced overtime and curbs on trade unions are in place
at sports clothing factories all over the world, they claim.
The report points to standards being undermined for workers in
countries such as Cambodia, China and Thailand. The 2004
Olympics will take place in Athens, beginning on 13 August.
Oxfam and the Trades Union Congress (TUC) said suppliers were
forcing their staff to work longer hours for less money, keeping
them in a life of poverty.
Companies were accused of employing "ruthless" tactics to produce
the latest sportswear cheaper and faster.
Those countries also picked out by the report were Bulgaria,
Indonesia and Turkey.
Sweatshops
Nike, Adidas, Puma and Umbro were among the firms examined in a
drive to crack down on sweatshop labour, called 'Play Fair at the
Olympics'.
Sports manufacturers broadly welcomed the Play Fair campaign and
said they were working towards improving and safeguarding
conditions for workers.
Nike said it welcomed the report and was working with independent
groups to improve working conditions.
Adidas said it already had a code of conduct in place which requires
its suppliers to comply with core labour standards.
Puma, meanwhile, said its was "sceptical" of Oxfam's findings
relating its clothing sources and UK sportswear firm Umbro had no
immediate comment.
Campaigners accused companies of being "superficial" and said they
were often ignored by buyers who employed "cut-throat tactics" to
reach targets.
20
Irish Trade Statistics
Contrast the origin of exports with the origin of imports
21
Plot a graph to show the changes in our imports between 1995 and 2003
Plot a graph to show the changes in our exports between 1995 and 2003
22
Ireland: Exports
䦋㌌㏒㧀좈໱琰茞ᓀ㵂Ü Ireland: Imports
Year
Thousand Euro 䦋㌌㏒㧀좈໱琰茞ᓀ㵂Ü Year Thousand Euro
1995
35,330,081
䦋㌌㏒㧀좈໱琰茞ᓀ㵂Ü 1995
26,180,856
1996
38,608,926
䦋㌌㏒㧀좈໱琰茞ᓀ㵂Ü 1996
28,479,463
1997
44,867,973
䦋㌌㏒㧀좈໱琰茞ᓀ㵂Ü 1997
32,863,488
1998
57,321,818
䦋㌌㏒㧀좈໱琰茞ᓀ㵂Ü 1998
39,714,995
1999
66,956,209
䦋㌌㏒㧀좈໱琰茞ᓀ㵂Ü 1999
44,327,064
2000
83,888,900
䦋㌌㏒㧀좈໱琰茞ᓀ㵂Ü 2000
55,908,800
2001
92,689,900
䦋㌌㏒㧀좈໱琰茞ᓀ㵂Ü 2001
57,384,200
2002
93,675,200
䦋㌌㏒㧀좈໱琰茞ᓀ㵂Ü 2002
55,628,100
2003
81,995,100
䦋㌌㏒㧀좈໱琰茞ᓀ㵂Ü 2003
47,853,600
Direction of EU Trade
23
Statistics on Ireland's Net EU Receipts
Year
Receipts from
EU budgets
(€ m)
Payments to
EU budgets
(€ m)
2003
2,690.8
1,127.5
1,563.3
1.4%
2002
2,545.0
1100.0
1,445.0
1.5%
2001
2,488.8
1,220.0
1,265.3
1.15%
2000
2,602.1
1,075.0
1,527.1
1.9%
1999
2,678.9
1,050.9
1,628.0
1.9%
1998
3,015.9
989.4
2,026.5
2.9%
1997
3,179.9
652.0
2,527.9
3.4%
1996
2,818.2
687.1
2,131.1
3.8%
1995
2,568.9
689.2
1,879.7
4.0%
1994
2,338.1
641.9
1,696.2
3.8%
1993
2,850.9
575.8
2,275.1
3.8%
1992
2,531.9
448.7
2,083.1
5.5%
1991
2,794.9
442.1
2,352.8
5.5%
1990
2,210.6
359.2
1,851.4
5.4%
1989
1,644.7
362.6
1,282.1
4.0%
1988
1,474.9
314.6
1,160.3
4.0%
1987
1,397.1
324.0
1,073.1
4.0%
1986
1,455.9
305.1
1,150.8
4.6%
1985
1,433.2
270.8
1,162.3
4.9%
1984
1,100.5
257.1
843.4
4.0%
1983
924.0
234.5
689.5
3.6%
1982
764.4
173.6
590.9
3.5%
1981
643.6
133.8
509.7
3.5%
1980
711.8
112.9
598.9
5.0%
1979
671.8
76.9
594.9
5.9%
1978
520.8
58.5
462.3
5.4%
24
Net EU
receipts
(€ m)
% of
GDP/GNI
1977
346.5
28.1
318.5
4.4%
1976
151.7
17.0
134.7
2.3%
1975
138.5
12.4
126.1
2.6%
1974
85.6
7.0
78.6
2.0%
1973
47.1
5.7
41.4
1.2%
45,973.1
11,433.7
34,359.4
1973-2002
- €34 billion
Source: European Commission
% of GNI
Without
Current UK
GCM with -0.35%
correction
correction
threshold & cap at
€ 7.5 bn
Proposed
GCM +
transitional
period
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Belgium(*)
1,32%
1,21%
1,26%
1,26%
Czech Republic
3,26%
3,17%
3,20%
3,20%
Denmark
-0,20%
-0,31%
-0,26%
-0,26%
Germany
-0,52%
-0,54%
-0,48%
-0,49%
Estonia
3,85%
3,76%
3,79%
3,78%
Greece
2,25%
2,16%
2,19%
2,19%
25
Spain
0,32%
0,23%
0,26%
0,25%
France
-0,27%
-0,37%
-0,33%
-0,34%
Ireland
0,56%
0,47%
0,51%
0,50%
Italy
-0,29%
-0,41%
-0,35%
-0,36%
[1]
Cyprus
-0,28%
-0,37%
-0,33%
-0,34%
Latvia
4,51%
4,40%
4,45%
4,44%
Lithuania
4,50%
4,41%
4,44%
4,43%
Luxembourg(*)
5,89%
5,80%
5,83%
5,83%
Hungary
3,15%
3,06%
3,09%
3,09%
Malta
1,16%
1,06%
1,10%
1,09%
Netherlands
-0,55%
-0,56%
-0,48%
-0,50%
Austria
-0,37%
-0,38%
-0,41%
-0,41%
Poland
3,85%
3,76%
3,79%
3,79%
Portugal
1,60%
1,50%
1,54%
1,53%
Slovenia
1,40%
1,31%
1,34%
1,33%
Slovakia
3,36%
3,27%
3,30%
3,30%
Finland
-0,14%
-0,25%
-0,20%
-0,20%
Sweden
-0,47%
-0,50%
-0,45%
-0,46%
United Kingdom
-0,62%
-0,25%
-0,51%
-0,46%
(*) When excluding administrative expenditure, Belgium and Luxembourg would
appear as net contributors
[1]
Estimates based on areas controlled by the Republic of Cyprus.
About the BMW Region
The B.M.W. Region comprises the three constituent NUTS III Regional Authority areas,
covering thirteen counties in total.
Demographic Profile
The BMW Region is sparsely populated and essentially rural in character. While it covers
47% of the state's landmass, it only contains 27% of the population. Its weak urban base is
exemplified by the fact that only 32% of its population resides in concentrations of more than
1,500 people compared to the national average of 58%. The region has only one major urban
centre, namely Galway.
26
The region has suffered from high levels of outward migration as the local population had to
move outside of the Region in search of employment opportunities. In this regard it is notable
that the population increase in the period 1991 to 1996 averaged 2.8% for the state as a
whole while the BMW Region only experienced a 1.7% increase in population. Further to this,
the region has a lower proportion of the its population in the active working age cohorts, with
high levels of age dependency as a result. Some of the larger towns in the Region have
experienced significant population growth in recent years, however, much of this growth
would appear to arise from a reduction in the number of people engaged in agriculture and
greater urbanisation and centralisation of activity.
Economic Profile
It is notable that while the Region accounts for 47% of the landmass and 27% of the
population, it only accounts for 21% of Gross Value Added (GVA) - a measure of economic
activity. While the level of GVA has improved in nominal terms - growing by over 7% per
annum between 1991 and 1996 - it has deteriorated relative to the State as a whole. On a
sectoral basis, the prominence of primary production in agriculture, forestry and fishing is
reflected in the fact that the area accounts for 35% of total National GVA in this sector, a
share which has nominally increased over the period 1991 to 1996, while its share of National
GVA in Industry (19%) and Services (18.7%) has actually declined over the same period.
Virtually all of the land in the region is classified as 'severely handicapped' or 'less severely
handicapped'. There is also a high dependence on income supports and other transfer
payments in the region. Industry (including building/construction) accounts for 40% of output
27
in the Region, equivalent to the National average. Services is by far the largest single sector
at 51%, and is growing further in importance.
Despite the economic handicaps the Region suffers, it does possess considerable economic
potential. It is an area with a relatively unspoilt environment, very little congestion and many
spots of outstanding natural beauty, particularly its mountains and coastline. It has the
nucleus of a strong urban structure and the possibilities of arresting rural decline. All of these
attributes are factors of critical importance to economic and social development, in particular
the incubation or attraction of modern industry and services.
Employment and Earnings
The labour force in the BMW Region represents nearly 25% of the national labour force.
However, it shows significant differences as regards employment levels, skills/qualifications,
female participation rates and earnings relative to the total labour force. Employment levels in
the Region rose by 15% in the period 1986 to 1996, compared with an increase of over 20%
in the state as a whole. Unemployment rates remain higher, particularly along the western
seaboard. The proportion of the labour force that had completed second or third level
education is 44% in the region compared with 52% in the Southern and Eastern Region. The
proportion of the labour force employed in unskilled occupations is higher in the region and
the percentage employed in professional occupations is lower than the National average.
Educational Attainment
The level of educational attainment among those residing in the Region is illustrated in the
fact that 42% of the Region's population had obtained primary level education only, compared
with 34% for the State as a whole. It is notable that, at 11%, the Region has a higher
university level participation rate among school leavers than the state as a whole, at 10%. It is
also notable that while the Region provides 28% of national university students, only 13% of
graduates coming from the BMW Region are employed within the Region. The lack of suitable
job opportunities for skilled labour along with the lower level of economic and social
development in the Region would appear to be significant factors in the choices made by
graduates.
Disadvantaged Areas
In spite of the economic progress of recent years, pockets of poverty and disadvantage re
evident throughout the Region. Within the B.M.W. Region, the larger urban areas of Galway,
Drogheda and Dundalk exhibit some of the key symptoms of extreme disadvantage in terms
of the level of unemployment and other relevant indicators. In addition, more remote rural
areas such as the Connemara and Donegal Gaeltachts, Inishowen, Leitrim, West Mayo and
parts of Roscommon and Cavan display the manifestations of rural deprivation in terms of
high age dependency rates, low educational and skills attainment, concentrations of nonviable holdings and unemployment.
Infrastructure
The B.M.W. Region is largely rural with a widely dispersed population and heavy reliance on
employment sectors which, by their nature are small-scale and dispersed (e.g. Agriculture,
Fisheries, Aquaculture, Tourism etc.) Consequently, the Region is very dependent on locallyprovided and maintained infrastructure. Commuting in the region generally involves relatively
longer distances, largely along poorer quality non-national roads, requiring private means of
transport because of the lack of a satisfactory regional and local public transport system. This
is reflected in the fact that only 4% of the Region's population rely on public transport to get to
work compared to 11% for the state as a whole. All but two of the country's significant
commercial ports, Galway and Sligo, are in the Southern and Eastern Region. There is a
strong case for investment in telecommunications infrastructure in the B.M.W. Region.
Border, Midland & Western
Regional Operational Programme
28
Local Infrastructure
Local Enterprise
Development
Agriculture & Rural
Development
Social Inclusion &
Childcare
Southern & Eastern
Regional Operational Programme
Kyoto Protocol
29
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Ireland
1990=100
135
131.0
2008-2012 target
128.3
124.0
130
125
120.0
117.0
111.0
108.0
115
110
106.0
102.0
120
104.0 103.0
105
100.0
100
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
30
Graph 10.5 Ireland: River water quality, 1987-2000
% of channel length
Quality
1987-1990
1991-1994
1995-1997
1998-2000
Unpolluted
77.3
71.2
67.0
69.8
Slightly polluted
12.0
16.8
18.2
17.0
Moderately polluted
9.7
11.4
13.8
12.4
Seriously polluted
0.9
0.6
0.9
0.8
Total
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
River Water Quality 1987 - 2000
% of channel length
100
80
Unpolluted
60
Slightly polluted
40
20
0
1987-1990
1991-1994
1995-1997
1998-2000
Source: Environmental Protection Agency
31
Moderately
polluted
Seriously
polluted
Credits
Page 4 Arno Peters map
Page 5 United Nations Development Programme(UNDP)
Human Development Report
Page 6 World Bank Report
Page 7 UNDP statistics
Page 8 UNDP
Page 10 Development Education Centre, Birmingham
Page 11 Uncredited cartoon ‘Thin Black Lines’ Colm Regan 1988
Pages 13, 15, Activities from Trocaires, ‘Trade and Globalisation’
Page 16 UNDP statistics
Page 18 http://ucatlas.ucsc.edu/homehtml
Page 19 Adidas Social and Environmental Report 2002
Page 20 BBC
Pagse 21, 22, 23 Central Statistics Office
Page 23 http://ucatlas.ucsc.edu/homehtml
Pages 24, 25, 26 finfacts Ireland Business and Finance Portal
Pages 26, 27, 28 BMW Regional Authority
Pages 29, 30, 31 CSO
Web Sites
http://ucatlas.ucsc.edu/homehtml
http://hdr.undp.org/2004/
http://cso.ie
32