Download GSCI 101A - Section 006

GSCI 101A – Final
Avogadro's Number = NA = 6.02 x 1023 particles/mole
gravitational constant of the universe = G = 6.67 x 10-11 Nm2/kg2
acceleration due to gravity near Earth’s surface = -g = -9.8 m/s2
electrostatic constant = k = 8.99 x 109 Nm2/C2
speed of light = c = 3 x 108 m/s
mass of electron = 9.11 x 10-31 kg
mass of proton = 1.007276 u
mass of neutron = 1.008665 u
1 u = 1.6605 x 10-27 kg
Planck’s Constant = h = 6.626 x 10-34 Js
Rydberg Constant = RH = 1.097 x 107 m-1
1. Nitric acid (HNO3) is
a) always considered a concentrated acid.
b) always considered a strong acid.
c) always accepting protons.
d) both a) and b).
b.
2. In the Periodic Table of Elements, as a general rule
a) atoms increase in size going from left to right across a row.
b) atoms increase in size going from right to left across a row.
c) atoms increase in size going from bottom to top in a column.
d) none of the above is true.
b.
3. A ball is thrown straight up into the air with an initial velocity of 23.0 m/s. If we
ignore air resistance, how long does it take before the ball returns to the thrower’s hand?
a) 4.69 seconds
b) 5.52 seconds
c) 2.35 seconds
d) 2.17 seconds
a.
4. The mass of an 16O nucleus is 2.66 x 10-26 kg. What is the binding energy of this
nucleus?
a) 2.22 x 10-11 J
b) 2.39 x 10-9 J
c) 2.06 x 10-11 J
d) 1.89 x 10-11 J
c.
5. Which of the following best corresponds to the electronic suborbital information of
the element arsenic in its ground state?
a) 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p3
b) 1s22p83d184f5
c) 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p3
d) 1s22s22p63s23p64s24p3
c.
6. Two charges, one of –5.22 C and the other of +3.89 C are placed 7.11 cm away
from each other. What is the force acting between them?
a) 36.1 N, attractive
b) 36.1 N, repulsive
c) 2.57 N, attractive
d) 2.57 N, repulsive
a.
7. Nitrogen trioxide (NO3) and water are forced to undergo a reaction to form ammonia
(NH3) and oxygen. Which set of coefficients balances this chemical reaction?
a) 2, 3, 2, 4
b) 1, 3, 1, 4
c) 3, 6, 2, 6
d) 4, 6, 4, 9
d.
8.
250
Bk undergoes alpha decay. What nucleus is left behind?
a) 248Am
b) 246Am
c) 250Cf
d) 250Bk
b.
9. An object of mass 7.29 kg experiences an acceleration of 0.498 m/s2 directed towards
the northeast. What must be the magnitude of the force acting on it?
a) 14.6 N
b) 7.79 N
c) 3.63 N
d) 6.79 N
c.
10. Which of the following regions in the electromagnetic spectrum is composed of light
with the highest energies?
a) microwaves
b) infrared waves
c) radio waves
d) visible light
d.
11. In the reaction CH4 + Cl2  CH3Cl + HCl, how many moles of hydrochloric acid
form if 80.0 g of methane react completely in chlorine gas?
a) 4.98 moles
b) 182 moles
c) 7.33 moles
d) 32.0 moles
a.
12. The name of the compound with the molecular formula of Fe3N2 is
a) ferrous nitrate
b) ferric nitrate
c) ferrous nitride
d) ferric nitride
c.
14. The difference in voltage across the membrane of a certain biological cell is 0.0550
V. If the cell does 2.52 x 10-14 J of work in transporting potassium ions through the
membrane, what is the total charge of all the ions that have passed through?
a) 1.39 x 10-15 C
b) 2.52 x 10-14 C
c) 3.50 x 10-7 C
d) 4.58 x 10-13 C
d.
17. A chemical reaction proceeds more rapidly if
a) the concentrations of the reactants are low, allowing them to not be in the way
of each other.
b) the activation energy of the reactants is much higher than the thermal energy in
the system, allowing for a large release of energy when broken.
c) the temperatures of the reactants are low, allowing for the molecules to not
whiz past each other without reacting.
d) none of the above is true.
d.
18. If a 67-kg man pushes a 92-kg boulder up a hill, then
a) the man exerts a larger force on the boulder than the boulder does on the man.
b) the boulder exerts a larger force on the man than the man does on the boulder.
c) The man exerts a force of equal magnitude and opposite direction to the force
the boulder exerts on the man.
d) the net force on the boulder is Fnet = 92g – 67g = 25g = 259.8 = 245 N.
c.
19. The processes of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion are similar in that
a) they both involve the breaking up of individual nuclei.
b) they both involve the formation of more efficiently bound nuclei.
c) they both involve the release of neutrons.
d) all of the above are true.
b.
20. The most electrically polar molecules are those with which of the following bonds?
a) covalent
b) ionic
c) metallic
d) treasury
b.
22. In going across the first row of inner transition metals, the electronic suborbital that
is getting filled is
a) 3d
b) 3f
c) 4d
d) 4f
d.
23. Which of the following is not considered to be a strong acid?
a) HF
b) HCl
c) HBr
d) HI
a.
24. MgSO4 is commonly used to prevent further contractions in pregnant women who
have gone into labor early. The proper name of this chemical is
a) magnesium sulfur tetroxide
b) magnesium sulfate
c) magnesium sulfide
d) magnesium sulfite
b.
25. What is the speed of an electron with a wavelength of 1.39 x 10-9 m?
a) 5.23 x 105 m/s
b) 9.89 x 1011 m/s
c) 1.01 x 10-12 m/s
d) 1.37 x 103 m/s
a.
26. A 51.2-kg mass, initially at rest, is dropped from a height of 18.2 m. Upon hitting
the ground, it comes to a stop in 0.0972 s. What is the power being exerted while the
mass is coming to a stop?
a) 9140 W
b) 888 W
c) 94,000 W
d) 9590 W
c.
29. Which of the following words would best describe the shape of the CBr4 molecule?
a) linear
b) triangular
c) tetrahedral
d) cubical
c.
30. Which of these forces helps explain the radioactive behavior of all large nuclei?
a) strong nuclear force
b) weak nuclear force
c) electromagnetic force
d) all of the above
d.
31. A double covalent bond involves the sharing of how many electrons?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 4
d) 6
c.
32. A 37-N force acts on a 2.5-kg mass towards the north; a second force of magnitude
18 N acts on the same mass towards the east. Which of the following is true?
a) The mass moves towards the north with an acceleration of 15 m/s2.
b) The mass moves towards the east with an acceleration of 7.2 m/s2.
c) The acceleration of the mass is 7.2 m/s2 in a direction between north and east.
d) None of the above is true.
c.
***** not covered in class ************
33. In the ocean, the frequently-occurring compound calcium carbonate dissolves into
calcium and carbonate ions. Is calcium carbonate an acid or a base when in water?
a) acid
b) base
c) neither
d) both
b.
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34. If a substance doesn’t boil off at a low temperature, then
a) the covalent bonding between different molecules is relatively large.
b) the magnetic attraction between different molecules is relatively large.
c) the electrical attraction between different molecules is relatively large.
d) none of the above is true.
c.
35. In a hydrogen atom, an electron drops from the n = 5 orbital to the n = 3 orbital.
What is the wavelength of light emitted by this change?
a) 6.84 x 10-7 m
b) 7.81 x 10-5 m
c) 1.28 x 10-6 m
d) 1.46 x 10-6 m
c.
36. In exerting a 105-N force on a 20.5-kg crate as you push it across a frictionless floor,
you put a total of 1150 J of work into it. How far across the floor did you push the crate?
a) 11.0 m
b) 1.87 m
c) 5.12 m
d) 56.1 m
a.
38. An electric field does a certain amount of work in accelerating a charge with a mass
of 7.22 x 10-8 kg from 0 m/s to a final speed of 1520 m/s. How much electrical work has
the field done on the particle?
a) 0.0834 J
b) 1.10 x 10-4 J
c) 0.0209 J
d) can’t be determined without knowing the charge of the particle
a.
39. Your friend makes the claim that we are surrounded by undetectable aliens who are
studying us for diabolical purposes. Applying your scientific skills, you determine that
this claim is
a) ridiculous, making it unanswerable by science.
b) unfalsifiable, making it impossible to be answered by science.
c) a valid scientific hypothesis, though nothing more.
d) a valid scientific theory.
b.
40. The FCC has permitted a particular radio station in this area to operate at a frequency
of 98.5 MHz (1 MHz = 106 Hz). What is the wavelength of these emitted radio waves?
a) 3.04 m
b) 2.95 x 1016 m
c) 0.329 m
d) 1.96 x 10-17 m
a.
******* not exactly covered in class ************
44. The Gibbs Free Energy of a set of reactants is a measure of
a) the internal energy of the reactants.
b) the ability of the reactants to perform work.
c) the entropy of the reactants.
d) all of the above.
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d.
45.
227
Ra undergoes beta decay. What is the nucleus left behind?
a) 223Rn
b) 225Rn
c) 227Ac
d) 228Ac
c.
47. If you are moving in the forward (or positive) direction, then
a) any acceleration you have will initially be in the positive direction.
b) theoretically you are free to accelerate in any direction, positive or negative.
c) any acceleration will increase the magnitude of your speed.
d) all of the above are true.
b.
48. Suppose you have three sources of radiation, one emitting alpha rays, one emitting
beta rays and the third emitting gamma rays. You are promised $1,000,000,000 if you
hold one source in your hand for an hour and if you eat another one; the third you are
allowed to store in an iron box. If you really need the money, which should you choose?
a) Eat the alpha source, hold the beta source, store the gamma source in the box.
b) Eat the beta source, hold the alpha source, store the gamma source in the box.
c) Eat the gamma source, hold the alpha source, store the beta source in the box.
d) Eat the alpha source, hold the gamma source, store the beta source in the box.
c.
49. The Earth’s mass is 5.98 x 1024 kg and the Sun’s mass is 1.99 x 1030 kg. The average
separation between the two is 1.50 x 1011 m. What is the magnitude of the average force
between the two?
a) 3.53 x 1022 N
b) 5.29 x 1033 N
c) 1.99 x 1031 N
d) 1.33 x 1020 N
a.
50. Curves of equipotential lines are always ___________ electric field lines.
a) parallel to
b) perpendicular to
c) twice the magnitude of
d) half the magnitude of
b.
52. All magnetic fields
a) arise from magnetized iron.
b) have both a north pole and a south pole, without exception.
c) arise from electrons orbiting nuclei.
d) both b) and c) are correct.
d.
54. Many light (as in “not heavy”) radioactive isotopes that undergo radioactive decay
do so because
a) losing an alpha particle will enable them to have a more equal balance between
the number of protons and number of neutrons in the nucleus.
b) losing a beta particle will enable them to convert a neutron into a proton,
making more equal the number of protons and the number of neutrons.
c) losing a gamma particle will decrease the electrostatic repulsion between
protons and neutrons.
d) given enough time, all nuclei eventually decay.
b.
55. Measuring the exact location of an electron
a) depends upon how precise your measuring instrument is.
b) can be done only if the momentum of the electron is known very precisely.
c) is basically impossible, so far as we know.
d) both a) and b) are correct.
c.
56. Stannous fluoride has been used in toothpastes and been added to public water
supplies to help prevent tooth decay. What is its molecular weight?
a) 137.7 g/mole
b) 156.7 g/mole
c) 256.4 g/mole
d) 275.4 g/mole
b.
57. You wish to design a circuit attached to a 12.6-V DC voltage source that will carry a
current of no more than 4.91 mA. How much resistance should your circuit have?
a) 2570 
b) 61.9 
c) 390 
d) 7.69 

58. Which of the following ions can most easily have an electron removed?
a) Nab) Na+
c) Cld) Cl+
a.
60. A stovetop burner puts out 650 W of power while being used to boil water. If the
current through it is 1.20 A, what is the resistance of the burner?
a) 936 
b) 780 
c) 542 
d) 451 
d.
61. What is the pH of a solution with a concentration of hydrogen ions equal to 2.81 x
10-12 moles/L?
a) –2.45
b) -11.6
c) 11.6
d) 2.45
c.
62. What is the concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution from the previous
problem?
a) 1.00 x 10-14 moles/L
b) 3.56 x 10-3 moles/L
c) 2.81 x 10-12 moles/L
d) 1.00 x 10-7 moles/L
b.
63. What is the concentration of 19.2 g of carbon dioxide dissolved in 29.2 L of water?
a) 1.49 x 10-2 moles/L
b) 0.657 moles/L
c) 1.52 moles/L
d) 2.35 x 10-2 moles/L
a.
7. Carbon is the foundation of an entire branch of chemistry because
a) the carbon atom can form up to 4 different bonds, allowing for complexity.
b) the carbon atom is small, allowing for stronger bonds.
c) carbon is commonly found on the Earth.
d) of all of the above.
d.
14. The type of organic molecule shown below is
H
H
H
H
|
|
|
|
H – C – C – O – C – C – H
|
|
|
|
H
H
H
H
a) a hydrocarbon.
b) an amine.
c) an ether.
d) an alcohol.
c.
19. In “everyday-speak”, when we refer to alcohol, we’re usually referring to
a) a solution containing H2O and CH3OH.
b) a solution containing H2O and C2H5OH.
c) a solution containing H2O and C3H7OH.
d) a solution containing water and some other organic molecule not listed above.
b.