Download Chapter 14: Blood

Chapter 14: Blood
Part I
Matching:
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Blood and Blood Tests
F
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J
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B
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G
Read the Diagram
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2, 3 and 4
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1
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Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells and Platelets
WBC
RBC
RBC
P
RBC
RBC
WBC
WBC
RBC
RBC
P
WBC
WBC
WBC
WBC
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RBC
P
RBC
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WBC
WBC
RBC
RBC
RBC
Tell a Story: Polly Cythemia and Her Oxygen
An elderly patient with emphysema was chronically hypoxic and developed an
elevated hematocrit. Why, you ask? In response to the low tissue levels of oxygen, the
kidneys secrete the hormone, erythropoietin. This hormone travels via the blood to the
bone marrow, where it stimulates the formation of red blood cells. The increases amount
of hemoglobin delivers more oxygen to the tissues. Chronic hypoxia, therefore, causes a
secondary polycythemia and an increase in hematocrit. There are other clinical
conditions that involve erythropoietin. Patients in renal failure develop anemia (a
deficiency of red blood cells) because of the lack of erythropoietin. Patients receiving
cancer chemotherapy receive Epoetin (an erythropoietin-like drug) because of a
chemotherapy-induced myelosupression and anemia. Finally, athletes who train “at
altitude” become mildly hypoxic, and therefore secrete erythropoietin; in response they
too develop a secondary polycythemia.
Labeling: Breakdown of the Red Blood Cell
See the figure on page 260 of your textbook
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Hemostasis
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Labeling: Hemostasis
See figure on page 264 of your textbook
Tell a Story: Got a Clot
Mr. Flea Bitis was admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of deep vein
thrombosis (DVT), a life-threatening condition associated with clot formation in the veins
of the legs. He was given the drug heparin by intravenous (IV) infusion. This
anticoagulant is an antithrombin agent. The drug-included removal of thrombin prevents
the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin threads (the clot). On the following day he was
also given coumadin, an oral anticoagulant. This anticoagulant works by preventing the
hepatic utilization of vitamin K in the synthesis of protothrombin. The goal of oral
anticoagulant therapy is to cause hypoprothrombinemia; confirmed by prolonged
prothrombin time, a lab test used to monitor therapy. The intravenous anticoagulant was
discontinued within the first week; however, the oral anticoagulant was continued for
several months until the thrombotic condition was resolved.
Matching:
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Blood Types
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Tell a Story: The Yellow Baby!
Ms. Billie Rubin (blood type A-) gave birth to Baby girl (type A+), a second
daughter. Within 4 hours after birth, the baby appeared jaundiced; the jaundice
intensified over the next 12 hours. What happened? Ms. B has type A (-) blood and antiRH antibodies, having been sensitized from the first pregnancy. Buring the second
pregnancy, the maternal antibodies slipped across the placenta into the baby and attacked
the Rh antigens of the baby’s red blood cells, thereby causing agglutination and
hemolysis. The ruptured red blood cells release bilirubin causing hyperbilirubinemia and
jaundice. This condition is called erythroblastosis fetalis.
Part II
Multiple Choice
1)
C
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B
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A
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D
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B
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B
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A
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C
A
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C
Case Study
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A
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C
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C
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C
Part III
Critical Thinking Questions
1)
D
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C
3)
C