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CHAPTER THIRTEEN
A NATION TORN APART: THE CIVIL WAR, 1861–1865
1. As North and South prepared for the Civil War, most people on both sides of the conflict
thought that
A) their generals were unprepared
B) their side would win easily
C) all Democrats would side with the South
D) the war would be a long, bitter affair
E) the war would result in high casualties
2. Which of the following was NOT an advantage for the North?
A) the North produced 97 percent of the nation’s firearms
B) the North had the upper hand in military leadership
C) the North had a much larger population than the South
D) most of the nation’s industry was in the North
E) the North possessed a modern railroad system
3. Which of the following was NOT an advantage for the South?
A) Southerners could be sustained by their sense of destiny in fighting for independence
B) the South would be fighting a defensive war
C) the South was a large area, as big as Western Europe
D) the South possessed a solid, sizable infrastructure
E) Southerners could hope that nations dependent on their cotton would join on their side
4. Why did many Southerners object to the incorporation of state militias into a Confederate
Army?
A) they feared that a national military would be expensive
B) they believed state militias would be more effective
C) they saw it as violating states’ rights
D) they anticipated fighting a guerrilla war rather than a more conventional war
E) they objected to the possibility of military rule
5. How did the Union’s retention of the Border States invalidate the Confederacy’s justification
for secession?
A) it demonstrated popular support for abolition in the majority of states
B) it demonstrated that slavery was not necessary to support the South’s economy
C) it negated the claim that secession was comparable to the American Revolution
D) it weakened support for secession among poor whites and former slaves in the South
E) it demonstrated that secession was not necessary to protect slavery
6. Which of the following was NOT a border state?
A) Delaware
B) Kentucky
C) Maryland
D) Tennessee
E) Missouri
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7. Which state’s strategic position near Washington, D.C., made it vital for the Union cause?
A) West Virginia
B) Virginia
C) Delaware
D) Pennsylvania
E) Maryland
8. In 1861, President Lincoln suspended the right of habeas corpus in Maryland for the purpose
of
A) gaining support for passage of the Thirteenth Amendment
B) making it easier to arrest and hold suspected Confederate agents
C) widening the pool of men who could be drafted for military service
D) providing better financing for the war effort
E) forcing more men into military service for the Union.
9. In 1861, why did the Confederacy establish a ban on the export of cotton?
A) to deprive the North of necessary textiles
B) to focus agricultural efforts on growing food
C) to coerce Britain and France into recognizing its independence
D) to hoard sufficient cotton so that the government could blackmail foreign nations
E) to make sure the South had enough cotton to meet its own needs
10. The purpose of the Anaconda plan was to
A) elect George B. McClellan, nicknamed "Anaconda," as an antiwar candidate in 1864
B) seal off the Confederacy along the Mississippi and the coast through a blockade
C) infiltrate the South in a "snake-like" fashion and incite anti-secession sentiment
D) seal off the Union along the Ohio River and along the Atlantic coast
11. What decision by the North early in the war encouraged enslaved African Americans to
escape from the South to Union Army camps?
A) the decision to allow African Americans to enlist as soldiers
B) the decision to honor the Fugitive Slave Act
C) the decision to declare that fugitive slaves were contraband of war
D) the decision to emancipate slaves in areas held by the Union Army
E) the decision to advertise to enslaved African Americans, encouraging them to escape
12. President Lincoln understood that the emancipation of African-American slaves would
A) win the sympathies of those who lived in Border States
B) win the sympathies of the Europeans especially Britain and France
C) enrage the Union’s British allies
D) doom any hopes of a Union victory in Virginia
E) motivate white troops
13. The Battle of Antietam was a major turning point because
A) the victory afforded President Lincoln the opportunity to issue the Emancipation
Proclamation
B) it was the last time Confederate troops would enter Union territory
C) General Robert E. Lee was never again as aggressive for the rest of the campaign in Virginia
D) Confederate forces were forced to hurriedly withdraw into the Carolinas
E) the South had won a decisive battle in the North
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Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
14. According to the Emancipation Proclamation, emancipation would not go into effect on
January 1, 1863 if
A) enough Southern slaveholders freed their slaves on their own
B) the Confederacy surrendered Richmond
C) the seceded states rejoined the Union
D) the Border States left the Union
E) Britain joined the war effort on the side of the South
15. The Emancipation Proclamation
A) freed slaves only in areas in rebellion against the United States but not in areas that remained
loyal
B) convinced England and France to enter the war on behalf of the Union in order to win the
crusade against slavery
C) was formulated by the Radical Republicans and issued by Lincoln despite his strong personal
objections
D) freed the slaves and abolished slavery in all the states of the Union and the Confederacy
16. Despite being a smashing victory, why did the Battle of Chancellorsville come at a heavy
price for the Confederacy?
A) General “Stonewall” Jackson was accidentally killed by his own troops
B) By focusing efforts at Chancellorsville, the South lost control of the West
C) It revealed the incompetence of General Robert E. Lee
D) The Army of Northern Virginia lost half its men
E) The Union took on momentum in response to its loss there
17. The Republican administration in Washington sponsored all of the following economic
measures during the Civil War except
A) creation of a national banking system
B) development of a transcontinental railroad
C) granting of free public land to western settlers
D) institution of a free-trade policy of low tariffs
18.Legislation passed during the Civil War gave the federal government the power to do which
of the following for the first time?
A) print paper money
B) levy an income tax
C) promote westward settlement
D) create a national bank
E) establish tariffs
19. Lack of unity among Southerners was evidenced by Jefferson Davis’s vice president,
Alexander Stephens, who criticized
A) military generals
B) political campaign strategies
C) the draft and income tax
D) the ban on cotton expors.
E) slaveholders
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20. How did the war affect women in both the North and South?
A) they fought for the right to serve in the military
B) they took on new responsibilities outside the domestic domain
C) they strived to maintain their traditional roles
D) they began to advocate for more legal rights for themselves
E) they found themselves unable to keep their families safe and well fed
21. Led by Dorothea Dix, beginning in the Civil War women nearly entirely took over what
profession?
A) teaching
B) nursing
C) secretarial work
D) textile manufacturing
E) munitions assembly
22. Which provision of the 1863 Conscription Act led to resentment?
A) the ability to buy one’s way out of the draft in exchange for a high fee
B) the declaration of men as old as 45 as eligible for the draft
C) the inclusion of immigrants among those who might be drafted
D) the clemency offered to those who disappeared to escape the draft
E) the state-based quota system for the draft
23. Who was exempted from conscription during the Civil War?
A) northerners who had a widowed mother to support and southerners who owned no slaves
B) northerners and southerners who could not afford the $300 conscription fee
C) northerners and southerners who objected to war on moral grounds
D) northerners who paid the government $300 and southerners who owned at least twenty slaves
24. In the Draft Riots in New York City, mobs turned their violence on
A) immigrants
B) African Americans
C) representatives of the Democratic Party
D) Confederate prisoners of war
E) poor and working-class residents
25. Which was a major problem on the Southern home front throughout the Civil War?
A) violent slave insurrections
B) a sharp drop in prices
C) frequent strikes by workers
D) an increasing population
E) food shortages
26. Union capture of Vicksburg was strategically important because it
A) opened the way to Richmond
B) gave Lincoln the victories he was waiting for to issue the Emancipation Proclamation
C) completed Union control over the Atlantic coast
D) gave the North control over the whole Mississippi River
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27. During the Civil War, northern black leaders such as Frederick Douglass worked as army
recruiting agents because they believed that
A) black participation in the army would be a step toward black citizenship.
B) blacks would get to see their loved ones in the South only by fighting for the Union.
C) blacks were more resistant to the diseases that ravaged white soldiers in the garrisons.
D) it was the best way to prevent blacks from being drafted.
28. Many of General Grant’s victories in Virginia were characterized by
A) his use of guerrilla tactics
B) tens of thousands of Union casualties
C) his taking advantage of the blunders of General Lee
D) his employment of strategies to compensate for having fewer troops
E) sheer luck and happenstance
29. The most important factor in Abraham Lincoln’s 1864 reelection victory was:
A) his furlough of Union soldiers to that they could vote for him
B) the fall of Atlanta in September 1864
C) the lack of any organized political opposition
D) the split between Lincoln and the Radicals over plans for postwar Reconstruction
30. In 1864 General Sherman pursued a policy of Total War as he moved his army through the
South because he
A) wanted to break the South's will and its ability to resist
B) had been ordered to do so by President Lincoln
C) had lost control over his troops
D) was a ruthless and heartless military leader
31. Where did General Lee surrender to General Grant?
A) Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia
B) Richmond, Virginia
C) Washington, D.C.
D) Hampton Roads, Virginia
E) Atlanta, Georgia
32. What finally abolished slavery in the United States?
A) the surrender of General Robert E. Lee
B) the Emancipation Proclamation
C) the Thirteenth Amendment
D) the Confiscation Acts
E) Special Field Order No. 15
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Quiz/Study Focus
Union v. Confederate advantages
King Cotton Theory (Google)
Jefferson Davis
Border States
Anaconda Plan
George B. McClellan
Robert E. Lee
Stonewall Jackson
Ulysses S. Grant
William T. Sherman
Emancipation Proclamation
National Banking Acts 1863 and 1864
Southern and Northern Conscription (draft)
Major Battles in the East (Bull Run, Peninsular Campaign, Antietam,
Gettysburg, Appomattox Courthouse)
Major Battles in the West (Ft. Henry/Ft. Donelson, Shiloh, Vicksburg)
Sherman's March to the Sea)
Total War
Presidential election of 1864
Clara Barton
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Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.