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CHAPTER THIRTEEN A NATION TORN APART: THE CIVIL WAR, 1861–1865 1. As North and South prepared for the Civil War, most people on both sides of the conflict thought that A) their generals were unprepared B) their side would win easily C) all Democrats would side with the South D) the war would be a long, bitter affair E) the war would result in high casualties 2. Which of the following was NOT an advantage for the North? A) the North produced 97 percent of the nation’s firearms B) the North had the upper hand in military leadership C) the North had a much larger population than the South D) most of the nation’s industry was in the North E) the North possessed a modern railroad system 3. Which of the following was NOT an advantage for the South? A) Southerners could be sustained by their sense of destiny in fighting for independence B) the South would be fighting a defensive war C) the South was a large area, as big as Western Europe D) the South possessed a solid, sizable infrastructure E) Southerners could hope that nations dependent on their cotton would join on their side 4. Why did many Southerners object to the incorporation of state militias into a Confederate Army? A) they feared that a national military would be expensive B) they believed state militias would be more effective C) they saw it as violating states’ rights D) they anticipated fighting a guerrilla war rather than a more conventional war E) they objected to the possibility of military rule 5. How did the Union’s retention of the Border States invalidate the Confederacy’s justification for secession? A) it demonstrated popular support for abolition in the majority of states B) it demonstrated that slavery was not necessary to support the South’s economy C) it negated the claim that secession was comparable to the American Revolution D) it weakened support for secession among poor whites and former slaves in the South E) it demonstrated that secession was not necessary to protect slavery 6. Which of the following was NOT a border state? A) Delaware B) Kentucky C) Maryland D) Tennessee E) Missouri 460 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved. 7. Which state’s strategic position near Washington, D.C., made it vital for the Union cause? A) West Virginia B) Virginia C) Delaware D) Pennsylvania E) Maryland 8. In 1861, President Lincoln suspended the right of habeas corpus in Maryland for the purpose of A) gaining support for passage of the Thirteenth Amendment B) making it easier to arrest and hold suspected Confederate agents C) widening the pool of men who could be drafted for military service D) providing better financing for the war effort E) forcing more men into military service for the Union. 9. In 1861, why did the Confederacy establish a ban on the export of cotton? A) to deprive the North of necessary textiles B) to focus agricultural efforts on growing food C) to coerce Britain and France into recognizing its independence D) to hoard sufficient cotton so that the government could blackmail foreign nations E) to make sure the South had enough cotton to meet its own needs 10. The purpose of the Anaconda plan was to A) elect George B. McClellan, nicknamed "Anaconda," as an antiwar candidate in 1864 B) seal off the Confederacy along the Mississippi and the coast through a blockade C) infiltrate the South in a "snake-like" fashion and incite anti-secession sentiment D) seal off the Union along the Ohio River and along the Atlantic coast 11. What decision by the North early in the war encouraged enslaved African Americans to escape from the South to Union Army camps? A) the decision to allow African Americans to enlist as soldiers B) the decision to honor the Fugitive Slave Act C) the decision to declare that fugitive slaves were contraband of war D) the decision to emancipate slaves in areas held by the Union Army E) the decision to advertise to enslaved African Americans, encouraging them to escape 12. President Lincoln understood that the emancipation of African-American slaves would A) win the sympathies of those who lived in Border States B) win the sympathies of the Europeans especially Britain and France C) enrage the Union’s British allies D) doom any hopes of a Union victory in Virginia E) motivate white troops 13. The Battle of Antietam was a major turning point because A) the victory afforded President Lincoln the opportunity to issue the Emancipation Proclamation B) it was the last time Confederate troops would enter Union territory C) General Robert E. Lee was never again as aggressive for the rest of the campaign in Virginia D) Confederate forces were forced to hurriedly withdraw into the Carolinas E) the South had won a decisive battle in the North 461 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved. 14. According to the Emancipation Proclamation, emancipation would not go into effect on January 1, 1863 if A) enough Southern slaveholders freed their slaves on their own B) the Confederacy surrendered Richmond C) the seceded states rejoined the Union D) the Border States left the Union E) Britain joined the war effort on the side of the South 15. The Emancipation Proclamation A) freed slaves only in areas in rebellion against the United States but not in areas that remained loyal B) convinced England and France to enter the war on behalf of the Union in order to win the crusade against slavery C) was formulated by the Radical Republicans and issued by Lincoln despite his strong personal objections D) freed the slaves and abolished slavery in all the states of the Union and the Confederacy 16. Despite being a smashing victory, why did the Battle of Chancellorsville come at a heavy price for the Confederacy? A) General “Stonewall” Jackson was accidentally killed by his own troops B) By focusing efforts at Chancellorsville, the South lost control of the West C) It revealed the incompetence of General Robert E. Lee D) The Army of Northern Virginia lost half its men E) The Union took on momentum in response to its loss there 17. The Republican administration in Washington sponsored all of the following economic measures during the Civil War except A) creation of a national banking system B) development of a transcontinental railroad C) granting of free public land to western settlers D) institution of a free-trade policy of low tariffs 18.Legislation passed during the Civil War gave the federal government the power to do which of the following for the first time? A) print paper money B) levy an income tax C) promote westward settlement D) create a national bank E) establish tariffs 19. Lack of unity among Southerners was evidenced by Jefferson Davis’s vice president, Alexander Stephens, who criticized A) military generals B) political campaign strategies C) the draft and income tax D) the ban on cotton expors. E) slaveholders 462 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved. 20. How did the war affect women in both the North and South? A) they fought for the right to serve in the military B) they took on new responsibilities outside the domestic domain C) they strived to maintain their traditional roles D) they began to advocate for more legal rights for themselves E) they found themselves unable to keep their families safe and well fed 21. Led by Dorothea Dix, beginning in the Civil War women nearly entirely took over what profession? A) teaching B) nursing C) secretarial work D) textile manufacturing E) munitions assembly 22. Which provision of the 1863 Conscription Act led to resentment? A) the ability to buy one’s way out of the draft in exchange for a high fee B) the declaration of men as old as 45 as eligible for the draft C) the inclusion of immigrants among those who might be drafted D) the clemency offered to those who disappeared to escape the draft E) the state-based quota system for the draft 23. Who was exempted from conscription during the Civil War? A) northerners who had a widowed mother to support and southerners who owned no slaves B) northerners and southerners who could not afford the $300 conscription fee C) northerners and southerners who objected to war on moral grounds D) northerners who paid the government $300 and southerners who owned at least twenty slaves 24. In the Draft Riots in New York City, mobs turned their violence on A) immigrants B) African Americans C) representatives of the Democratic Party D) Confederate prisoners of war E) poor and working-class residents 25. Which was a major problem on the Southern home front throughout the Civil War? A) violent slave insurrections B) a sharp drop in prices C) frequent strikes by workers D) an increasing population E) food shortages 26. Union capture of Vicksburg was strategically important because it A) opened the way to Richmond B) gave Lincoln the victories he was waiting for to issue the Emancipation Proclamation C) completed Union control over the Atlantic coast D) gave the North control over the whole Mississippi River 463 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved. 27. During the Civil War, northern black leaders such as Frederick Douglass worked as army recruiting agents because they believed that A) black participation in the army would be a step toward black citizenship. B) blacks would get to see their loved ones in the South only by fighting for the Union. C) blacks were more resistant to the diseases that ravaged white soldiers in the garrisons. D) it was the best way to prevent blacks from being drafted. 28. Many of General Grant’s victories in Virginia were characterized by A) his use of guerrilla tactics B) tens of thousands of Union casualties C) his taking advantage of the blunders of General Lee D) his employment of strategies to compensate for having fewer troops E) sheer luck and happenstance 29. The most important factor in Abraham Lincoln’s 1864 reelection victory was: A) his furlough of Union soldiers to that they could vote for him B) the fall of Atlanta in September 1864 C) the lack of any organized political opposition D) the split between Lincoln and the Radicals over plans for postwar Reconstruction 30. In 1864 General Sherman pursued a policy of Total War as he moved his army through the South because he A) wanted to break the South's will and its ability to resist B) had been ordered to do so by President Lincoln C) had lost control over his troops D) was a ruthless and heartless military leader 31. Where did General Lee surrender to General Grant? A) Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia B) Richmond, Virginia C) Washington, D.C. D) Hampton Roads, Virginia E) Atlanta, Georgia 32. What finally abolished slavery in the United States? A) the surrender of General Robert E. Lee B) the Emancipation Proclamation C) the Thirteenth Amendment D) the Confiscation Acts E) Special Field Order No. 15 464 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved. Quiz/Study Focus Union v. Confederate advantages King Cotton Theory (Google) Jefferson Davis Border States Anaconda Plan George B. McClellan Robert E. Lee Stonewall Jackson Ulysses S. Grant William T. Sherman Emancipation Proclamation National Banking Acts 1863 and 1864 Southern and Northern Conscription (draft) Major Battles in the East (Bull Run, Peninsular Campaign, Antietam, Gettysburg, Appomattox Courthouse) Major Battles in the West (Ft. Henry/Ft. Donelson, Shiloh, Vicksburg) Sherman's March to the Sea) Total War Presidential election of 1864 Clara Barton 465 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.