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Norman Fleischer, M.D. CURRICULUM VITAE NAME: NORMAN FLEISCHER, M.D., F.A.C.P. CURRENT POSITION: Jacob and Jeanne Barkey Professor of Medicine, Director, Division of Endocrinology Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, N.Y. 10461 EDUCATION: 1958 A.B., Vanderbilt University 1961 M.D., Vanderbilt University POSTGRADUATE TRAINING: 1961-62 Intern, Department of Medicine Bronx Municipal Hospital Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 1962-64 Resident, Department of Medicine Bronx Municipal Hospital Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 1964-66 Fellowship in Endocrinology (with Grant W. Liddle), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN. PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND HOSPITAL APPOINTMENTS: 2004-present Co-Director, Diabetes Research Center of Albert Einstein College of Medicine 2000-2002 Vice-Chairman, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine 1999-present Director of Endocrinology, Montefiore Medical Center 1991-present Jacob A. and Jeanne E. Barkey Professor of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine 1988-2002 Director, The Diabetes Research Center of Albert Einstein College of Medicine 1977-2004 Principal Investigator, Diabetes Research and Training Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine 1977-present Professor, Department of Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine 1976-present Director, Division of Endocrinology Albert Einstein College of Medicine 1974-77 Assistant Director, General Clinical Research Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, N.Y. 1973-77 Associate Professor, Department of Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 1973-76 Co-Director, Division of Endocrinology Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronx, New York. 1971-73 Assistant Program Director, Baylor General Clinical Research Center Houston, Texas 1969-73 Director of Endocrinology, Ben Taub General Hospital Houston, Texas 1971-1973 Associate Professor of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 1967-71 Assistant Professor of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 1966-67 Instructor, Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 1964-66 Instructor, Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, Tennessee Norman Fleischer, M.D. BOARD CERTIFICATION: 1968 1973 LICENSURE: Internal Medicine Endocrinology New York State Texas State Board of Medical Examiners PROFESSIONAL SOCIETY MEMBERSHIP: Fellow, American College of Physicians Council, New York State Chapter 1982-85 Fellow, American College of Clinical Endocrinology American Association for the Advancement of Science American Federation for Clinical Research The Endocrine Society Manpower Committee 1987-1990 Annual Meeting Steering Committee 1997-2000 American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Southern Society for Clinical Investigation International Society for Neuroendocrinology American Society for Clinical Investigation New York Academy of Sciences American Diabetes Association Research Committee 1983-86 Fellow, Clinical Society of the New York Diabetes Association Chairperson, Research Committee 1981-84 Association of American Physicians New York State Council on Diabetes 1987-1989 3 Norman Fleischer, M.D. NIH RELATED ACTIVITIES: Member, Multiple Review Panels Recent: Ad Hoc Review Diabetes Centers Current: NIH Loan RepaymentStudy Section Principal Investigator: Pituitary and Islet Hormone Secretion 1969-79 Diabetes Research and Training Center 1977-2002 Diabetes Training Grant 1985-1990 Diabetes Research and Training Center, 1976-2002 Program Project: Preservation and Replacement of Beta Cells in IDDM 19972008 Co-Investigator: Diabetes Control and Complications Trial, 1985-94 Generation of Non-Immunogenic Functional Islet Cells, 1992-97 Co-Director, Diabetes Research and Training Center, 2004-present CURRENT COLLEGE AND DEPARTMENTAL ADMINISTRATIVE ROLES Division Director (Medicine), Endocrinology, Einstein and Montefiore Medical Center Co-Director, Diabetes Research Center Internal Advisory Committee, M.D./Ph.D. Training Program AWARDS AND HONORS: Phi Beta Kappa Alpha Omega Alpha Davidoff Society of AECOM 4 Norman Fleischer, M.D. INVITED PRESENTATIONS AT SYMPOSIA (SELECTED) The Effect of Thyrotropin Releasing Factor (TRF) on Plasma TSH in Subjects with Pituitary Tumors. Serono Foundation Conference on Hypothalamic Hormones, Acapulco, Mexico, 1972. Hypothalamic Hypophsiotropic Hormones. Biological Council Synposium on Peptide Hormones, London, 1973. Calcium and the Secretion of Insulin and Thyrotropin: Studies with Calcium Antagonists. American Physiological Society Symposium on Calcium Antagonists, Toronto, 1980. Calcium-dependent Insulin Secretion and Protein Phosphorylation: Possible Role for Calmodulin. Annual Meeting of American Society of Biological Chemists, Mini-symposium on Calmodulin, May, 1981. (Presented by U.K. Schubart) Cell Mediated Immunity In Streptozotocin-Induced Insulitis. Juvenile Diabetes Foundation Symposium on Beta Cell Injury, Princeton, 1982. The Role of Calcium and Cyclic AMP in Polypeptide Hormone Secretion. Symposium on Hormone Action, Sharik Zadek Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel, 1984. Cushing's Disease. Grant W. Liddle Honorary Symposium, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 1985 Intracellular Mechanisms for the Regulation of Insulin Secretion. NIH Colloquium on Signal Transmission and Diabetes, Bethesda, 1988. Visiting Professor, Emory University School of Medicine, 1993. Generation of Correctly Regulated Pancreatic Beta Cell Lines by Transgenic Methodology. Forty-First Annual Clinical Society Scientific Meeting, American Diabetes Association, New York Downstate Affiliate, 1993. Cushing's Syndrome: Diagnosis and Management. American Diabetes Association: 43rd Annual Advanced Postgraduate Course, New York, NY, 1996 Beta Cell Transplantation, NIH/JDF Symposium, Bethesda, Md. 1998. Insulin Secretion from BTC Cells, Columbia University, April, 2001 Transplantation Therapy of Diabetes with Conditionally Transformed Beta cells. Endocrine Grand Rounds, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, May 2002. Insulin Secretion from Beta Cell Lines: From Mouse to Man. Inter-Institutional Clinical Endocrine Grand Rounds, NIH, Bethesda, MD, June, 2003 5 Norman Fleischer, M.D. Publications 1. Fleischer N and Walker R. Gastric Carcinoma Following Successful Therapy for Primary Gastric Lymphosarcoma. Southern Med. J. 53: 965-968, 1960. 2. Fleischer N, Givens JR, Abe K, Nicholson WE and Liddle GW. Studies of ACTH Antibodies and their Reactions with Inactive Analogues of ACTH. Endocrinology 78: 1067-1075, 1966. 3. Fleischer N, Abe K, Liddle GW, Orth DN and Nicholson WE. ACTH Antibodies in Patients Receiving Depot Porcine ACTH to Hasten Recovery from Pituitary-Adrenal Suppression. J. Clin. Invest. 46: 196-204, 1967. 4. Abe K, Island DP, Liddle GW, Fleischer N and Nicholson WE. Radioimmunologic Evidence for alpha-MSH (Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone) in Human Pituitary and Tumor Tissues. J. Clin. Endocr. 27: 46-52, 1967. 5. Fishman LM, Liddle GW, Island DP, Fleischer N and Kuchel O. Effects of Amino-Glutethimide on Adrenal Function in Man. J. Clin. Endocr. 27: 481-490, 1967. 6. Fleischer N and Battarbee H. Inhibition of Dexamethasone Suppression of ACTH Secretion in vivo by Actinomycin D. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 126: 922-925, 1967. 7. Fleischer N and Vale W. Inhibition of Vasopressin-induced ACTH Release from the Pituitary by Glucocorticoids in vitro. Endocrinology 83: 1232-1236, 1968. 8. Fleischer N, Brown H, Graham DY and Delena S. Chronic Laxitive-induced Hyperaldosteronism and Hypokalemia Simulating Bartter's Syndrome. Ann. Intern. Med. 70:791-798, 1969. 9. Hauger-Klevene J, Brown H and Fleischer N. ACTH Stimulation and Glucocorticoid Inhibition of Renin Release in the Rat. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 131: 539-542, 1969. 10. Fleischer N, Donald RA and Butcher RW. Involvement of Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in Release of ACTH. Am. J. Physiol. 217: 1287-1291, 1969. 11. Fleischer N, Burgus R, Vale W, Dunn T and Guillemin R. Preliminary Observations on the Effect of Synthetic Thyrotropin Releasing Factor on Plasma Thyrotropin Levels in Man. J. Clin. Endocr. 31: 109-112, 1970. 12. Zimmerman G and Fleischer N. Role of Calcium Ions in the Release of ACTH in Rat Pituitary Tissue in vitro. Endocrinology 87: 426-429, 1970. 13. Fleischer N and Rawls W P. ACTH Synthesis and Release in Rat Pituitary Monolayer Culture: The Effect of Dexamethasone. Amer. J. Physiol. 219: 445-448, 1970. 6 Norman Fleischer, M.D. 14. Fleischer N, Lorente M, Kirkland J, Kirkland R, Clayton G and Calderone,M. Synthetic Thyrotropin Releasing Factor as a Test of Pituitary TSH Reserve. J. Clin. Endocr. 43: 617-624, 1972. 15. Fleischer N, Coscia AM and Lorente M: The effect of Thyrotropin Releasing Factor (TRF) on Plasma TSH in Subjects with Pituitary Tumors. In, Hypothalamic Hypophysiotropic Hormones (Physiological and Clinical Studies), C. Gual (ed.),Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, pp. 326-331, 1972. 16. Fleischer N, Guillemin R: The Clinical Applications of Hypothalamic Releasing Factors. Adv. Intern. Med. 18: 303-323, 1972. 17. Fleischer N, Zimmerman G, Schindler W and Hutchins M: Stimulation of Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and Growth Hormone (GH) Release by Ouabain: Relationship to Calcium. Endocrinology 91: 1436-1441, 1972. 18. Fleischer N.: Diagnostic Considerations in Secondary Hypertension. Texas Medicine 69: 64-70, 1973. 19. Fleischer N and McMillin Wood J: Ouabain Stimulation of Calcium Influx in the Rat Pituitary. Endocrinology 92: 1555-1559, 1973. 20. Zlatkis A, Bertsch W, Lichtenstein HA, Tishbee A, Shumbo F, Liebich HN, Coscia AM and Fleischer N: Profile of Volatile Metabolites in Urine by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Ann. Chem. 45: 763-767, 1973. 21. Lash B and Fleischer N: Radioimmunoassay of Angiotensin 1 for Estimation of Plasma Renin Activity. Clin. Chem. 20: 620-623, 1974. 22. Eto S, Wood JM, Hutchins M and Fleischer N: Pituitary 45Ca++ Uptake and the Release of ACTH, GH and TSH. Am. J. Physiol. 26: 1315-1320, 1974. 23. Coscia AM, Fleischer N, Brown L, Besch PK and Desiderio D: The Effect of Synthetic Luteinizing Hormone-releasing Factor on Plasma LH Levels in Pituitary Disease. J. Clin. Endocr. 38: 83-88, 1974. 24. Brown LP, Skelly DS, Besch PK, Buttram VC and Fleischer N: An Overnight Radioimmunoassay for Human Luteinizing Hormone. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 84: 129-133, 1974. 25. Shin S, Baum SG, Fleischer N and Rosen OM: Retention of Endocrine Function by an Insulin-secreting Pancreatic Islet Cell Tumor from Syrian Hamster Through Serial Transplantation in Nude Mice. J. Cell. Sci. 18: 199-206, 1975. 7 Norman Fleischer, M.D. 26. Shapiro S, Eto S, Fleischer N and Baum SG: Regulation of in vitro Insulin Release from a Transplantable Syrian Hamster Insulinoma. Endocrinology 97: 442-447, 1975. 27. Eto S, and Fleischer N: Regulation of Thyrotropin (TSH) Release and Production in Monolayer Cultures of Transplantable TSH-producing Mouse Tumors. Endocrinology 98: 114-122, 1976. 28. Fleischer N and Guillemin R: Hypothalamic Hypophysiotropic Hormones. In, Peptide Hormones, J. Parsons, (ed.), MacMillan Press, Ltd., London, pp. 317-335, 1976. 29. Fleischer N, Rosen OM and Reichlin M: Radioimmunoassay of Bovine Heart Protein Kinase: Subunit, Tissue and Species Specificity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73: 54-58, 1976. 30. Schubart UK, Shapiro S, Fleischer N and Rosen OM: Cyclic 3':5'-Adenosine Monophosphate-mediated Insulin Secretion and Ribosomal Protein Phosphorylation in a Hamster Islet Cell Tumor. J. Biol. Chem. 252: 92-101, 1977. 31. Fleischer N: Treatment of Cushing's Syndrome. In, Current Therapy, H. Conn. (ed.), pp. 489-492, 1977. 32. Mortimer RH, Fleischer N, Lev-Gur M and Freeman RG: Correlation between Integrated Basal LH and FSH Levels and the Response to Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Factor (LRF). J. Clin. Endocr. 43: 1242-1249, 1976. 33. Shapiro S, Kaneko Y, Baum SG and Fleischer N: The Role of Calcium in Insulin Release from Hamster Insulinoma Cells. Endocrinology 101: 485-493, 1977. 34. Shin S, Reid LC, Colburn PC, Kadish AS, and Fleischer N.: Development of Transplantable Functional Endocrine Tumor Lines in Nude Mice. In, Proc. of 2nd Internatinal Workshop on Nude Mice, Tokyo, pp. 375-393, 1977. 35. Mortimer R, Lev-Gur M, Freeman R and Fleischer N: Pituitary Response to Bolus and Continuous IV infusion of Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Factor (LRF) in Normal Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). Am. J. Obs. Gynec 103: 630-634, 1978. 36. Mortimer RH and Fleischer N: Hypothalamic Control of Pituitary Function. In, Nuclear Medicine and Endocrinology, B. Rothfeld, (ed.), J.B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, Pa., pp. 141-158, 1978. 37. Rubin CS, Rangel-Aldao R, Sarkar D, Erlichman J and Fleischer N: Characterization and Comparison of Membrane-associated and Cytosolic cAMP-dependent Protein Kinases. Physicochemical and Immunological Studies on Bovine Cerebral Cortex Protein Kinases. J. Biol. Chem. 254: 3797-3805, 1979. 8 Norman Fleischer, M.D. 38. Erlichman J, Schubart UK, and Fleischer N: Sulfhydryl Reagent Induced Insulin Release and 45Ca++ Fluxes in Syrian Hamster Insulinoma Cells. Endocrinology 105: 1183-1190, 1979. 39. Schubart UK, Erlichman J and Fleischer N: The Role of Calmodulin in the Regulation of Protein Phosphorylation and Insulin Release in Hamster Insulinoma Cells. J. Biol. Chem. 255: 4120-4124, 1980. 40. Erlichman J, Sarkar D, Fleischer N and Rubin CS: Identification of Two Sublcasses of Type II cAMP-dependent Protein Kinases. Neural-specific and Non-neural Protein Kinases. J. Biol. Chem. 255: 8179-8184, 1980. 41. Paik S, Fleischer N and Shin S: Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus Induced by Subdiabetogenic Doses of Streptozotocin: Obligatory Role of Cell-mediated Autoimmune Processes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77: 6129-6133, 1980. 42. Schubart UK, Fleischer N and Erlichman J: Ca2+-dependent Protein Phosphorylation and Insulin Release in Intact Hamster Insulinoma Cells: Inhibition by Trifluoperazine. J. Biol. Chem. 255: 11063-11066, 1980. 43. Rubin CS, Fleischer N, Sarkar D and Erlichman J: Neural-specific and Non-neural Protein Kinases. Subclasses of Type II Protein Kinases. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Cell Proliferation, Vol. 8, pp. 1333-1346, 1981. 44. Fleischer N, Sarkar D, Rubin CS and Erlichman J: Radioimmunoassay of Type II cyclic AMP-dependent Protein Kinases. Methods in Enzymology, 74: 310-320, 1981. 45. Fleckman A, Erlichman J, Schubart UK and Fleischer N: Effect of Trifluoperazine, D600, and Phenytoin on Depolarization and TRH-induced TSH Release from Rat Pituitary Tissue. Endocrinology 108: 2072-2077, 1981. 46. Fleischer N, Schubart UK, Fleckman A and Erlichman J: Calcium and the Secretion of Insulin and Thyrotropin: Studies with Calcium Antagonists. In, New Perspectives on Calcium Antagonists, G.B. Weiss (ed.), Clinical Physiology American Physiological Society, pp. 177-190, 1981. 47. Schubart UK, Erlichman J and Fleischer N: Insulin Release and Protein Phosphorylation: Possible Role of Calmodulin. Federation Proceedings 41: 2278-2282, 1982. 48. Paik S, Blue M, Fleischer N and Shin S: Diabetes Susceptibility of BALB/cBOM Mice Treated with Streptozotocin: Inhibition by Lethal Irradiation and Restoration by Splenic Lymphocytes. Diabetes 31: 808-815, 1982. 49. Fleischer N: Disorders of the Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary. In, "Internal 9 Norman Fleischer, M.D. Medicine" J.H. Stein, (ed.), Little, Brown & Co., Boston, pp. 1716-1728, 1983. 50. Schubart UK, Erlichman J and Fleischer N: Regulation of Insulin Release and Protein Phosphorylation by Calcium and Cyclic AMP: Possible Role for Calmodulin. In, Calcium and Cell Function, W.Y. Cheung, (ed.), Academic Press, N.Y. pp. 381-400, 1982. 51. Shin S, Paik SG and Fleischer N: The Role of Autoimmune Processes in the Development of Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus in Mice Treated with Streptozotocin. In, Proc. of Symposium on Basic and Clinical Aspects of Immunity to Insulin, K. Keck and P. Erb. (eds.), Walter DeGruyter, Berlin, pp. 303-317, 1981. 52. Fleckman AM, Schubart UK, Danziger A and Fleischer N: Empty Sella of Normal Size in Sheehan's Syndrome. Am. J. Med. 75: 585-591, 1983. 53. Axen KV, Schubart UK, Blake A and Fleischer N: Calcium-induced Phosphatidylinositol Metabolism and Insulin Release in Rat Islets of Langerhans: Role of Ca2+ and cAMP. J. Clin. Invest. 72: 13-21, 1983. 54. Sarkar D, Erlichman J, Fleischer N and Rubin CS: Use of Immunological Approaches to Identify a Brain Protein Kinase Isoenzyme. Methods in Enzymology 99: 187-196, 1983. 55. Erlichman J, Litvin Y, Pasmantier R and Fleischer N: Differential Activation of cAMP-dependent Protein Kinases in AtT20 Cells by Corticotropin Releasing Factor. Annals New York Academy of Sciences. 435: 145-147, 1984. 56. Litvin Y, Pasmantier R, Fleischer N and Erlichman J: Hormonal Activation of the cAMP-dependent protein kinases in AtT20 cells: Preferential activation of protein kinase I by corticotropin releasing factor, isoproterenol and forskolin. J. Biol. Chem. 259: 10296-10302, 1984. 57. Erlichman J, Litvin Y, and Fleischer N: Immunological and Molecular Characterization of cAMP-dependent Protein Kinases in AtT-20 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 259: 10289-10295, 1984. 58. Litvin Y, Leiser M, Fleischer N, and Erlichman J: Somatostatin Inhibits Corticotropin Releasing Factor Stimulated Adrenocorticotropin Release, Adenylate Cyclase and Activation of Cylic AMP-dependent Protein Kinase Isoenzymes in AtT20 Cells. Endocrinology 119: 737-745, 1986. 59. Matz R and Fleischer N: Diabetic Coma, In: Clinical Endocrinology, Peter Kohler. Ed., Chapter 18, pp. 623-632, John Wiley and Sons, New York, N.Y. 1986 60. Pasmantier R, Danoff A, Fleischer N, and Schubart U: PP16, a Hormonally Regulated Phosphoprotein of Peptide Hormone-producing Cells: Secretagogue induced 10 Norman Fleischer, M.D. Phosphorylation in AtT20 Mouse Pituitary Tumor Cells and in Rat and Hamster Insulinoma Cells. Endocrinology 119: 1229-1238, 1986. 61. Danoff A, Lorber D, and Fleischer N: Adrenocortical Micronodular Dysplasia, Cardiac Myxomas, Cutaneous Lentigines, and Spindle Cell Tumors: Report of a Kindred. Arch. of Int. Med. 147: 443-448, 1987. 62. Leiser M, Fleischer N and Erlichman J: Enhanced Activation of cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase by Rapid Synthesis and Degradation of cAMP. J. Biol. Chem. 261: 15486-15490, 1986. 63. Fleischer N: Disorders of the Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary. In, Internal Medicine: A Systematic Approach, J.H. Stein (ed.), Little, Brown & Co., Boston, pp. 1895-1908, 1986. 64. Bilezikjian LM, Erlichman J, Fleischer N and Vale WW: Differential activation of type I and type II cAMP-dependent protein kinases by growth hormone releasing factor. Molecular Endocrinology 1: 137-146,1987. 65. Fleischer N and Erlichman J: Intracellular signals and protein phosphorylation: regulatory mechanisms in the control of insulin secretion from the pancreatic beta cell. In, Drazin B, Melmed S and LeRoith D (eds.), " Molecular and Cellular Biology of Diabetes Mellitus: Vol. I, Insulin Secretion, Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, pp. 107-116, 1989. 66. Fleischer N, Liker H, Stoller T, D'Ambra R and Shields D: Retrovirus-Mediated Expression of Preprosomatostatin in Rat Pituitary GH3 Cells: Targeting of Somatostatin to the Regulated Secretory Pathway. Molecular Endocrinology. 3:1652-1658, 1989. 67. Fleischer N, Fein FS, Sonnenblick EH: The Heart and Endocrine Disease. In, J. Willis Hurst (ed), "The Heart", 7th edition, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1988. 68. Wylie-Rosett J., Engel S, D'Eramo G, Mazze R, Murphy J, Shamoon H, Slagel S, Villeneuve M, Wilson J and Fleischer N: Delivery of Diabetes Care to Low-Income Patients: Assessment of a Federally Funded Program. Diabetes Educator 15:366-369, 1989. 69. Leiser M, Fleischer N, and Erlichman J: Cyclic AMP turnover and signal amplification: a reply. Biochem 257:623-624, 1989 (Letter). 70. Lomasky SJ, D'Eramo G, Shamoon H and Fleischer N: Relation of Insulin Secretion abd Glycemic Recovery to Dietary Intervention in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes. Arch. Intern. Med. 150:169-172, 1990. 71. Efrat S, Fleischer N, and Hanahan D: Diabetes Induced in Male Transgenic Mice by 11 Norman Fleischer, M.D. Expression of Human H-ras Oncoprotein in Pancreatic ß Cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10: 1779-1783, 1990. 72. D'Ambra RD, Surana M, Efrat S, Starr RG, and Fleischer N: Regulation of Insulin Secretion from Beta Cell Lines Derived from Transgenic Mice Insulinomas Resembles That of Normal Beta Cells. Endocrinology 126: 2815-2822, 1990. 73. Socolow EL and Fleischer N: Thyroid disease and the heart. In: J. Willis Hurst (ed.) "Current Therapy in Cardiovascular Disease, Third Edition", B.C. Becker, 1991, pp 384389. Efrat S, Surana M, and Fleischer N: Glucose induces insulin gene transcription in a murine ß-cell line. J. Biol. Chem., 266:11141-11143, 1991. 74. 75. Tal M, Thorens B, Surana M, Fleischer N, Lodish H F, Hanahan D, Efrat S: Glucose transporter isotypes switch in transformed pancreatic ß cells. Mol. and Cell. Biol. 12:422-432, 1992. 76. Tal M, Wu Y-J, Leiser M, Surana, M., Lodish H, Fleischer N., Weir G, and Efrat S: [Val12]HRAS downregulates GLUT2 in ß cells of transgenic mice without affecting glucose homeostasis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89:5744-5748, 1992. 77. Efrat S, Leiser M, Surana M, Tal M, Fusco-DeMane D, and Fleischer N: A murine insulinoma cell line with normal glucose-regulated insulin secretion. Diabetes 42:901907, 1993 78. Efrat S, Leiser M, Wu Y-J, Fusco-DeMane D, Emran O, Surana M, Weir G, Jetton T, Magnuson MA and Fleischer N: Ribozyme-mediated attenuation of pancreatic ß-cell glucokinase expression in transgenic mice results in impaired glucose-induced insulin secretion. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci (USA), 91:2051-2055, 1994. 79. Knaack D, Fiore DM, Surana M, Leiser M, Laurance M, Fusco-DeMane D, Fleischer N, and Efrat S: Clonal insulinoma cell line which maintains correct glucose responsiveness. Diabetes 43:1413-1417, 1994 80. Leiser M, Efrat S, and Fleischer N: Evidence that RAP1 carboxylmethylation is involved in regulated insulin secretion. Endocrinology 136: 2521-2530, 1995. 81. Bali D, Svetlanov A, Lee H, Fusco-DeMane D, Leiser M, Li B, Barzilai N, Surana M, Hou H, Fleischer N, DePinho R, Rossetti L, and Efrat S: Animal model for maturityonset diabetes of the young generated by disruption of the mouse glucokinase gene. J. Biol. Chem., 270:21464-21467, 1995. 82. Efrat S, Leiser M, Wu Y-J, Fusco-DeMane D, Weir G, Fleischer N: Manipulation of glucokinase gene expression in transgenic mice. In Diabetes 1994 - Excerpta Medica International Congress Series 1100 (S Baba, T Kaneko, eds.), Elsevier Science, 12 Norman Fleischer, M.D. Amsterdam, pp. 165-172, 1995 83. Efrat S, and Fleischer N: Engineering the pancreatic β-cell. In Diabetes Mellitus (D. LeRoith, S. Taylor, J. Olefsky, eds.) Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, 1996 pp 438-443. 84. Leiser M and Fleischer N: cAMP-Dependent Phosphorylation of the Cardiac-type α1 Subunit of the Voltage-dependent Ca++ Channel in a Murine Pancreatic ß-Cell Line. Diabetes 45:1412-1418, 1996 85. Fleischer N, Chen C, Surana M, Leiser M, Rossetti L, Pralong W, and Efrat S: Functional Analysis of a Conditionally-Transformed Pancreatic ß-Cell Line. Diabetes 47: 1419-1425, 1998 86. Han P, Werber J, Surana M, Fleischer N and Michaeli T: The calcium calmodulin dependent phosphodiesterase PDE1C down-regulates glucose induced insulin secretion. J. Biol. Chem. 274:22337-44, 1999. 87. Sooy K, Schermerhorn T, Noda M, Rhoten WB, Meyer M, Fleischer N, Sharp GWG, Christakos S: Calbindin-D28k controls [Ca2+]i and insulin release: evidence obtained from calbindin-D28k knockout mice and cell lines. J. Biol. Chem., 274: 34343-49, 1999. 88. Efrat S, and Fleischer N: Engineering the pancreatic β-cell. In Diabetes Mellitus (D. LeRoith, S. Taylor, J. Olefsky, eds.) Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, p535-541, 2000 89. Cases JA, Gabriely I, Xiao HM, Xiao MY, Michaeli T, Fleischer N, Rossetti L, Barzilai, N: Physiological increase in plasma leptin markedly inhibits insulin secretion in vivo. Diabetes 50: 348-352, 2001. 90. Milo-Landesman D, Surana M, Berkovich I, Compagni A, Christofori G, Fleischer N and Efrat S. Correction of hyperglycemia in diabetic mice transplanted with reversiblyimmortalized pancreatic β cells controlled by the tet-on regulatory system. Cell Transplantation 10:645-659, 2001 91. Zalman M, Gupta S, Giri RK, Berkovich I, Sappal BJ, Karnieli O, Zern MA, Fleischer N, and Efrat S. Reversal of hyperglycemia in mice using human expandable insulin-producing cells differentiated from fetal liver progenitor cells; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.(USA), 100:7253-7258, 2003 13 Norman Fleischer, M.D. 92. Howard AA, Floris-Moore M, Arnsten JH, Santoro N, Fleischer N, Lo Y, Schoenbaum EE, Disorders of Glucose Metabolism in HIV-Infected Women, Clin Inf Dis, 15; 40: 1492-9 93. Howard A, Floris-Moore M. Lo Y, Arnsten JH, Fleischer N, Klein RS, Abnormal glucose metabolism among older men with or at risk of HIV infection; 2006 British HIV Association; HIV Medicine (2006), 7, 389-396 94. Howard A, Lo Y, Floris-Moore M., Schoenbaum E, Fleischer N, Klein RS, Hepatitis C Virus Infection is Associated with Insulin Resistance among Older Adults with or At-Risk for HIV Infection. AIDS 2007 AIDS 21:633-641 95. T. Kojaoghlanian, A. Joseph, A. Follenzi, J. H. Zheng, M. Leiser, N. Fleischer, M. S. Horwitz, T. P. DiLorenzo, and H. Goldstein. Lentivectors Encoding Immunosuppressive Proteins Genetically Engineer Pancreatic β Cells to Correct Diabetes in Allogeneic Mice. Gene Therapy, 16: 340-348, 2009. 97. R Gelling, P Vuguin, Xiu Du, L Cui, J Romer, R Pederson, M Leiser, H Sørensen, J Holst, C Fledelius, PB. Johansen, N Fleischer, C McIntosh, E Nishimura, and M Charron. Pancreatic β-cell overexpression of the glucagon recptor gene results in enhanced β-Cell function and mass. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2009, 297:E695707 (PMID 19602585). 98. K. Cheng, A. Follenzi, M. Surana, N. Fleischer, and S. Gupta. Switching of mesodermal and endodermal properties in hTERT-modified and expanded fetal human pancreatic progenitor cells. Stem Cell Research & Therapy 2010, 1:6 dol:10.1186 14