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UNIVE,RSITY OF CALICUT
(Abstract)
,'
- :'-i,",,.," & sy llaLr.s .r \l.Sc. \licrrtriorour chrice base,l credit Semester
System \ .:
{lnplemented ir.r Universitr Ieacrring DeparlnrentsiSchools of this University
- Orders
'isstred.
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GI]NERAI- AND ACADEMIC BRANCH I 'J' SECTION
\rr (iAl/J l/2838/07 tcl
Dared. Caf icut University p.O.l 5ll2l2}0g.
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Minutes of thc meeting of Board of Studies in Microbiology of I l/g/200g.
Ite nr No. 2(rrvii) o1'tl're minutes of meeting of Faculty"of
S.i.n.. held on
29,'09/2009.
Itcrn No-ll A(l)tlt'1he minutes of the meeting of the Academic
Council held
on 07 I0 200tt
4'
ORDER
As per refbrencc rcatl (l)above. sanction has already been
accorded to implement
based credit Scmester System for pG courses in the Teaching
l)cnxl'1nlcnts'Se htlols o1'tltc [-inir crsit-r fionr the acadernic
year 200g-09 onwards.
tllc choice
r\s pcI r'efL'rcnce citcrl 12) lLbove. the Board of Studies at its meetirg
held on
ll/08/2008 resolved to .tpprove thc scheme and syllabus of M.Sc.
Microbiology under
choice based credit Semestcr s),stem prepared by tle Departnrent
council.
As per paper read (3) & (4) above. the Faculty of Science at its
meeting held on
l9'0ll/2008 ctrtlorscd tltc rninrrtes of Boarcl of Studies and the
Academic Cou,cil of
(l:
i() 2t)()8 i.rltl)r()\ ucl tlte s.nlc-.
Sanction has therelbre been accorded to implement the Scheme
& Syllabus of M.Sc.
Microbiology under choice based credif Semester System
in University
Depart,ents/Schools fio.r the acadcmic year 200g-09 onwards.
orders urc isstred lccor.dingh,anci copv of the syllabus and scheme
are appended.
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DEPUTY REGISTRAR(G&A_I)
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Forwarded/By Order
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SECTTON OFFICER
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UNIVERSITY OF CALICU'T
DEPARTMENT OF LIFE SCIENCES
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SYLLABUS
2008
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SEMESTER
t
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MB 011T General Microbiology and Microbial Genetics.
tJnit I.
Microscopic techniques. Visualization of cells and subcellular
components by light microscopy, resolving powers of different
microscopes, scanning and transmission microscopy, Electron
Microscopy, lmage processing methods in microscopy.
tJnit
ll.
Microbial groMh and reproduction, Nutritional requirements
Nutritional types, Bacteria, fungi, algae and virus -their cultivation
techniques Culture methods-aerobic and anaerobic methods, Microbial
cell quantifying methods. Culture preservation strategies Physical and
chemical Control of microbial growth. Evaluation methods of various
disinfectants, and antiseptics. Antibiotics and antimicrobials -their mode
of action. Oligodynamic action. Various approaches used in microbial
taxonomy.
tJnitlll.
of bacterial cell. Movement of substances across
membranes and membrane transport systems. Cytosol and cell
Ultrastructure
organelles Bacterial appendages, Storage granules, chromosome .and
extracellular genetic materials Spores, sporulation and associated
production of usefuls.
Unit
IV.
Methods of genetic transfers transformation, conjugation,
transduction and sex-duction, mapping genes by interrupted mating
Growth phases of transducing phages- lytic and lysogenic cycle
Mutation -types of mutations, mutagens, fluctuation test, Ames test and
replica plating.
MB 012T Environmental and Sanitation Microbiology.
L.lnit I. Soil microflora, microbial interactions -competition, succession,,
symbiosis, parasitism, synergism and antagonism. Soil as source of
industrial strains. Biodegradation of recalcitrants by soil microbes. Concept
5
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sulphur oxtdatton
of microbial infallibility. Geocycles of c, N, S, P iron and
phylloplane microflora
Nz fixation. Mycorrhiza, rhtzosphere and
Unit
techniques
Air microbiology: source of microbes and their quantitation
Room sanitation tn
Factors affecting the extent and type of air microflora'
in cinema and
hospitals, industries and pharmaceuticals etc. Air sanitation
plant diseases by atr
tunnels. Early warnlng of animal, human and
ll.
metro
monitoring.Biologicalweapons,theirregulationandprecautions
Llnit
source of water microflora and their quantitaton
and i-ecreattcnal
techniques water purity in industries, irrigation, potable
Bacteriological
waters. lndicator organisms, like E.coli and their detection
lll. water
microbiology
-
various steps involved'
analysis of drinking water. water purification and
UnitlV.Pollutionandenvironment:BiosensorsandBiologicalindicators'Waste
municipal and house
water management and sewage treatment; industrial,
siaughter house
hold wastes, BoD concepts, treatment of tannery and
of petroleum
Solid waste management and land filling' Treatment
waste
wastesandxenobiotics-Generalaccount'Marinepollution'oilspills'tar
ball Pollution, beach Pollution
MB 013T Microbial Metabolism'
IJnit
I. Basic Principles of Thermodynamics -Laws of Thermodynamics;
conceptsofFreeenergyand.entropyEnzymology_Enzyme_lUBand coclassification; Enzyme active sites; coenzymes
Nomenclature;
Factors affecting
factors; Enzyme kinetics; Michaelis-Menton equation;
allosteric enzymes;
enzyme activity Multi-subunit enzymes; lsozymes,
enzymeregulation;Enzymeinhlbition;MechanismofEnzymeaction'
Enzyme purification techniques' Enzyme immobilization'
Unit
II.
fermentatron''
Glycolysis- aerobic and anaerobic types; alcoholic
cycle;
glycolysis. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex; Krebs
regulation of
level phosphorylation;
Glyoxylate cycle- significance, regulation, Substrate-
4
7
U n i Yers i
tt, tt^/' C rt I i t' t r t
M.Sr:. frl itro bi o/rrgJ' .S\'llallrr
Electron transport chain- component structure; oxidative phosphorylatron
and mechanism of ATP formation; Chemi-osmotic coupling hypothesis
Gluconeogenesis; Glycogenesis and glycogenolysis Starch synthesis,
HMP- shunt and its significance.
Unit
IIL De-amination; Trans- amination trans- methylation and
decarboxylation
reactions of amino acids. Synthesis and degradation of various amino acids,
essential, semi-essential and non-essential amrno acids Fatty acid
oxidation; alpha, beta, and omega oxidatrons; Fatty acrd synthesis.
synthesis of unsaturated and long chain fatty acids. Fatty acid biosynthesis
Purine and pyrimidine- biosynthesis and degradation.
tJnit
IV. Peptido-glycan biosynthesis. Antibiotics- Structure, classification, and
functions of different types of antibiotics. Mechanism of actlon of different
antibiotics. Bacterial toxins . - chemistry, properties and mechanism of
toxigenicity. Fungal toxins: - aflatoxins and ochratoxins- toxic effects and
Mechanism
of toxigenicity. Alcoholic fermentation, energy production
anaerobic microbes; Biochemistry
of
in
methanogenesis. Biochemistry of
Bioluminescence; Bioluminescent bacteria, Biochemistry
of
rancidity
development and microbial lipolysis; Chemical nature and ultra structure of
in Bacterial cell; PHB- synthesis; Volutine- synthesis;
Alginates and Siderophores-their structure and functions. Microbial
storage granules
meta bolism of Xenobiotics. Co-metabolism
a
nd steroid tra nsformations.
MB 014T lmmunology
Unit
I.
Specific immune response. Humeral and cell mediated immune system.
lmmunoglobulin structure
&
classes. lsotypes, allotypes and idiotypes
Genetic basis for immunological diversity.
Unit
IL
Hematopoesis
-
Cells of immune system, lymphoid organs, lymphocyte
traffic, T and B cells
-
Structure, function, maturation and development.
Lymphokines and cytokines Processing and presentation
of
intracellular
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and extracelluar antigens. Primary and secondary immune response
lmmune response to T-dependant and
h
T
independent antigens Major
istocomPatibilitY comPlex.
unir III. Antigen-antibody reactions and their applications in immunodiagnosis
Monoclonal antibodies and hybridoma technology. complement system'
I
mmunological tolerence'
Llnit IV.
A brief account of; dysfuntional immunity
autoimmune diseases'
hypersensitivity reactions, blood compatibility, Rh' incompatibility,'
transplantation immunology, immunosuppression, tumor immunology and
immunodeficiencY
d
iseases.
MBO15P Practical (Paper MB 011T, MB 012Tl.
PCV
curve of bacteria using breeds count, CFU, turbidimetry and
1.
Growth
2.
salinity'
Bacterial grov,rth in liquid media varying pH, temp, oxygen and
3.
Anaerobic culturing by liquid paraffin overlay and pyrogallol
4.
Effect of sterilization temperature on media'
5.
Anaerobic enrichment of cellulose digesters
6.
Starvation induced sporulation of bacteria'
7.
Survival of bacteria in various modes of storage'
B. Demonstration of mutation in bacteria,
9.
Phage cultivation
10. Determination
11 Study
of Phenol Coefficient'
of microbes using bright field' dark filed and Phase contrast
mtcroscopy.
12 Demonstration of Microbial Bioluminescence'
6
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t
13. Efficiency
5.
16.
I I tr
h tt+
testing of bacteria proof filters and autoclave.
14. Study of air
1
rsit t,4.y, .\;
microflora by plate exposure and liquid entrapment.
Winogradsky column.
Water portability testing using indicator organisms.
17. Use
of biofilms in sewage treatment.
lB.Cultivation of fungi - Slide culture technique.
19. lsolation of
amylase producers.
20. lsolation of cellulase producers.
21
.
Bacterial Commensal ism
22. Bacteria I Syne rg ism
23. Microbial Antagonism
24. UV induced mutagenesis
SEMESTER
!I
MB 021T lndustrial Microbiology
I init I.
lsolation and screening of industrially important microbes Strain
selection and improvement. Bioprocesses- concepts and design
Continuous and batch fermentations. Types of bioreactors. Bioreactor
design and control. Kinetics of fermentation process. Transport phenomena
in bioprocess such as mass transpo'rt coefficients for gases and liquids and
oxygen transfer coefficients, heat transfer
Unit
II.
Principles
Concepts
of
bioprocess media formulations. Sterilization systems
of inoculum development. Monitoring and control of variables
pH Down stream processing
filtration, centrifugation, precipitation, salting out, crystallization and
such as temperature, agitatron, pressure and
v'
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biphasic separation. Bioassays, Standardization, formulations
and
packaging. Shelf life consideration.
Unit
III.
Manufacture of the following: penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, Vit
B -12. Citric acid by sufface and submerged process. Ethanol fermentation
from molasses. lndustrial fermentation of wine and beer. Acetone - butanol
fermentation. Bakers yeast. Lactic acid from whey, amylases by fungi, mono
- sodium glutamate. lmportance of fermentations in ayurvedic medicines
lmportance and production of Single cell protein (SCP).
Unit
IV.
Production of microbial biofedilizers
-
cyanobacteria, Rhizobium.
Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Phosphobacteria and VAM. Microbes as a
health food - Spirulina and its production methods. . Probiotics - use of
Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium
-
therapeutic and nutritional value
Microbial enhanced oil recovery, Microbial production of fuels- H2 and
ethanol. Microbial leaching of ores - oil extraction - metal leaching and
biomining. Microbes
deg
radation.
M
and
bioremediation microbial xenobiotics
icrobial biotra nsformation. Biopolymers
a
nd
b iosu
rfacta nts
MB 022T Medica! Microbiology
Unit I. Epidemiology, pathogenicity
influenzae, C. diphtheriae,
E
and treatment of diseases caused by
H
coli, Pseudomonas, Bacillus anthracis,' Cl
tetani, Cl. walchi, Leptospira icterohaemmorhagiae,
N
gonorrhea,
Mycoplasma, compylobacter. Rickettsia -Coxiella burneti, Chlamidiae
-
trachoma.
Unitll.Epidemiology, pathogenicity and treatment of Viral diseases caused by
Epstein Barr virus, lnfluenza virus, Rubella (German measles). Slow virus
diseases. AIDS, Hepatitis virus, Encephalitis virus. Japanese encephalitis
virus,Viral hemmoragic fevers - Ebola.
8
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v I I rt
b rt s
ill.
Superficial mycoses- Tinea nigra, Dermatophytes and Candida
albicans. Deep mycoses-Cryptococcus neoformans, Blastomycetes
dermatitidis
and Histoplasma capsulatum. Oppurtunistic
systemic
mycoses-Aspergillus fumigatus, A.flavus, Pencillium sps., Rhizopus and
Mucor. Parasitic diseases by Giarida lambia, Trypanosoma , Plasmodium
SPS
Unit
IV.
Antibiotics. Susceptibility tests- Bauer Kirby test, Broth dilution test,
minimum inhibitory and lethal concentrations. Mechanism'of action and
activity spectrum
of penicillin,
streptomycin, tetracycline, sulfonamides,
rifampicin, polymixin - B, Amphotericin
-
B. Drug resistance
MB O23T Structural Biology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics
Unit
I.
Structural Biology: Ramachandran's Map and protein conformation.
Structure and properties of high-energy molecules such as ATP, GTP,
CTP and Creatine -phosphate. Crystallization techniques
for
biomolecules; CrystallograPhY.
L1nit
Il. Biostatistics: Methods for collecting data, tabulation and
representation of data, sampling and sample design, types of
classification, tabulation, diagrammatic representation line diagram, bar
diagram, pie diagram, histogram, frequency polygon, frequency curves
and cumulative frequency curves Measures of central tendency: mean,
median, mode, range, mean deviation and standard error. Correlatton
analysis and regression analysis, probability analysis of varidbles. Tests
of significance: t- test, Chi square test and goodness of fit.; Analysis of
variance. one way classification and two way classification.
Unit
IIl. Bioinformatics: Biology in the computer age Computational
Approaches to Biological questions. Neuroinformatics. Basics of
I
U n ive rs i t.t' o./'
Ctl ic ut
X{.St'.
computers
t
:
14it:t'obittlog.t'.\yIlufii;' v
SerVerS, workstations, operating systems, Linux. World
A brief account on introduction to biological databases
Search engines, finding scientific articles - Pubmed - public biologtcal
Wide Web.
databases. Protein Data Bank, Swiss-prot, Genbank Sequence
assembling using computational methods
computer ORF
- analysis of sequences using
- finding the structural motifs (protein) - Homology
using BLAST, motifs
-
Phylogenetic analysis. Sequence analysis and
sequence alignment. Structure prediction and protein modelling.
MB O24P Practical (MB 013T and MB 023T)
1.
Preparation buffers
2.
Protein Estimation using Lowry's method
3.
Folin - Ciocalteau estimation of unknown protein using Std. graph
4.
Carbohydrate estimation
5.
Dissolved 02 estimation
6.
Estimation of ascorbic acid in plant matter
7.
Citric acid estimation
8. Visualization of PDB files using
I
1
Gel filtration chromatography
11. Dialysis
1
rasmol
SDS PAGE using Protein Standards
0.
of Proteins
2. P aper chromatog raPhY
13.TLC
14. Column
search
separation of plant pigments
10
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M. Sc.
c
MB
ll'l
icrob i oloS;1:,\Y I I 4 7,,u
025P Practical (MB O14T and MB O22Tl
1.
Acid fast staining
2.
Preparation of permanent slides of pathogenic microbes
3.
Preparation of antibiotic discs
4.
Antibiograms of common bacterial pathogens
5.
Determination of MIC
6.
Demonstration of antifungal activity
7.
lnsoluble antibacterial sensitivity by ditch plate method
B.
Detection of betalactamase production
9. ldentification of common bacterial and fungal pathogens
using
biochemical tests.
10.Blood group determination - A, B, O, and Rh.
11.Widal test
12.VDRL test
13. ELISA
14.Blood cell count - TC and DC
15. ESR
determination
SEMESTER III
MB
Unit
O31T Food and Agricultural Microbiology
I.
Factors predisposing to food spoilage at different levels - intrinsic and
extrinsic factors, Spoilage of meat Jish, milk, vegetables, fruits and stored
grains. Spoilage at low temperature. Food preservation by physical and
chemical means: irradiation, drying, heat processing, chilling, freezing, high
l1
hI. Sc. fuI i c ro b i o/og.l",\'l'llrrl' ;ii
pressure and food preservatives. Modern techniques like high electrontc
field pulses, oscillating magnetic fields - pulses, intense light pulses ancj
ll preservatives Effect of
self generated preservatives like organic acids Preservation of meat as
ultra high hydrostatic pressure. Class land class
corned beef, sausages, fish fillets, vegetables in brine and as pickles, fruits
as cut-fruits, jams, pasteurized milk. (20 Marks)
Unit
II.
Feimented dairy products microbes involved in fermentation -starter
lactic acid cultures - yoghurt, and cheese production and its types
Fermented food
by
microbes; fish, meat products, lmportance of
Bifidobacterium. Nisin manufacture, whey utilisation eg:- alcohol, lactic acid
and SCP fermentations. Delactosing milk enzyrnatically. ldli, soyasauce and
lndian pickle fermentations. Yeast role in bread making Food hygiene and
control - food sanitation in food manufacture and in the retail trade Food
control agencies and their regulaiions. HACCP. Food poisonrng.
intoxications like botulism and aflatoxins. lnfections like Salmonella.
Staphylococcus, Lisfeia etc. (20 Marks)
Unit
III.
Mbrobjal interactions between plants rhizosphere -phyllosphere
mycorrtrlzae'- symbiotic aSsociation' in root nodules. Fixation of molecular
nitrogen.'Biiofertilizers VAM, Rhizobium, Frankia, Azospirillum, Azotobacter
cyanobatteria. Tiplasrnid &nd its irnportance. Microbes in Coca and Coffee
fermentAtigns,, Hu-sk,(€tting., biogas from agro waste, rumen digestion, and
Unit
IV.
Factois predisposing plants to microbial infections. Mycoplasma and
coconut wilt. Brief account of plant diseases caused by microbes Plant -'
pathogen interactiOns, plant defences, endophytic microbes, use of tissue
Sap -ss-?,:ctllture'medium. Plant disease control strategies. Biological
. Factors:predisposing animals to microbial
ulcerative syndrome of fish- (15 Marks)
t2
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Universitl, o.f'Cttlicut
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a
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V.
.Sc.
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rut h i tt I oi4.t' .\.t' I { u
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Biological insect control using microbial insecticides -viral bacterial and
fungal. Advantages and disadvantages of biopesticides, qualities of an ideal
microbial pesticide. Factors affecting its efficiency. Mass production of
bacterial, viral and fungal pesticides. Bioassays, quality control Success
stories
-
bacterial
-
Bacillus thuringensis, B. Sphericus, B. popillae against
insects and pasturia penetrans against nematodes. Viruses
-
baculovirus
NPV, CPV, nematodes like Neoplactana carpocapsae.
-
Fungi
Entomophthora and muscardine fungus. (15 marks)
MB O32T Molecular Biology and Microbial Biotechnology
Unit
I.
Watson & Crick model of DNA, the law of DNA constahcy & C-value
paradox, eukaryotic genome organization, repetitive DNA, selfish DNA
DNA replication in prokaryotes & eukaryotes, models of DNA replication
reverse transcription. DNA damage
& repair, DNA recombinatton,'
transposons, Oncogenes & tumour suppressor genes,
Unit
II.
Prokaryotic & eukaryotic transcription, transcription factors, regulatory
elements, operon concept,-Lac & Trp operons, post transcriptional
modifications. The genetic code, Translation in prokaryotes & eukaryotes,
regulation of translation, post translational modifications of proteins'
Unit
Restriction endonucleases, Cloning vectors, cutting &joining DNA
molecules, linkers, adaptors & homopolymer tailing, DNA libraries-genomic
III.
& cDNA libraries, PCR-different types, probes- radiolabelled
DNA/RNA
probes, synthetic oligonucleotide probes, Cloning strategies, Expression
strategies, screening strategies. DNA sequencing, nucleic acid microarrays,'
site directed mutagenesis & protein engineering, DNA introduction methods.
Molecular markers in genome analysis: RFLP, RAPD, AFLP analysis' RNA
interference.
13
U
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Co I ic
ut
M.Sc. 14icrobiolol1.1'
a
Unir
IV.
.9.rllubtrs
lmmobilization of cells and enzymes. Advantages and disadvantages
of immobilized systems. Enzyme based electrodes. ATPase based cell
quantitation and Lumac system. Hybridoma technology for monoclonal
antibodies, recombinant vaccines, Vaccine farming, Gene Therapy.
Microbial lnsecticides, Commercial Products by Recombinant Microbes,
Plant and animal Transgenesis, Environmental impact of genettc
engineering
-
problems of GM foods and crops, Bti. Toxin resistance of
- cotton bollworm, tobacco budworm, use of multiple alleles of Bti
toxin genes. Environmental release and monitoring of genetically
insects
modified/engineered organisms. Milk flavor manipulation through rumen
microflora, mitigating greenhouse gas emission from dairying using
biotechnology.
MB
033P Practical (MB O21T and MB 031T)
1
Strain development and Scale up of inoculum.
2.
Enrichment of coir pith degraders.
3.
Demonstration of continuous and batch operation using bioreactor.
4.
Demonstration of SSF, fixed bed and fluidized bed systems.
5. Cell disruption techniques
6.
Downstream processing - Salting out
7.
Citric acid production.
8.
9.
Alcohol ferrnentation
10.
Survival of added test microbes in pickles and curd
11.
Brine storage of foods
12.
Whey fermentation to alcohol
Effect of Ozdepletion on food storage..
t4
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M.Sc. llhicrttltittloi4.1' ,S-1'lltrhtrs
O 13. Study of microflora in idli, soya-sauce,
chilli sauce, palm toddy
14.
Milk microbiology - direct microscopic count and standard plate count
15.
Methylene blue reductase test
16. Demonsration
of microbial successton
17. Demonstration
of microbial antagontsrn
18. Bioassay
of Bti and Bt
19. Comparison of microflora in Bt-treated and chemical pesticide-treated
soils
20.
Microbial analysis of food products.- bacterial and fungal
21. Extracellular enzyme activities cellulase, protease, lipase
phosphatase
22.
lsolation of nitrogen fixing bacterta
23.
lsolation of phosphate solubilizing organtsms
24.
Degradation of phenols
MB 034
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
P Practical
(MB 032T)
Study of mitotic stages using onion root tip
Karyotypepreparation
DNA isolation
Estimation of DNA
RNA isolation
Estimation of RNA
Hyperchromic shift on DNA melting
Bacterial conjugation
lsolation of plasmids
10. lnduction of Beta galactosidase gene
15
in E. coli
and
LIniversitt,of Calicfi
iv,{. -ic'.
O
ii
Fipiessioir cf ;i,rr':e,s gene ii: t-.c*ii
,r.a
i
hl it's'^thi o;'r'rg!' "i'r if;,'ri;,'r,.
Agarose eieci.rophoi-esis cf RE tiigest i-.i DF{A
./_
4e
tv
Western Blot
E[- MB 035T lnterdiscipl!nary Dove-Tailing in Brology-
Concepts
Unit
I.
Economic-, Technical-, Curricuiar-, Equipment-, Staffing-
Research- levei advantages
of Joint-l':andling of various Biolcglr
anC
topics.
Topic-level bricige-points: Eiochernisiry, li4olecular -BiologyiCienetics, Ceii-
culture as examples of Common grounci. Equipment level bricige-pcints.
Cross-topic Solutions in Research. Three typical lnterdisciplinary Research
Samples.
EL MB 036T FJ[icrobiology for lJp-lifting Traditional Kerala
Cottage I nd ustries-Concepts
Coconut husk retting for Coir. Timber/ Areca nut curing. Salting/drying of fish.
Palm-toddy as Alcoholic and Non-alcoholic Beaverage. Spice-processing
Tea-iCoffee-
and Cocoa- Fermentaiions. Mini-Hydels in
Ayurueciic compounding: Frocess
and
Hill-weifare.
Product-level-Stanciardization
Yardsticks, Self-generatec Preseryatives, Manufacturing-/ Packaging-ler;el
Container considerations, Bio-process -Optimization/-lntensificatron.
Rar.ry-
material crisis & 'accepted' substitiries incl.- Cultured Herbal Bionrass. Pnepi'ocessed ingi'edienis. Goid-si-cithy
EL MB 037T Biosafety, Bioethics and IPR
Unit
l. Bioethics:
Legality, morality and ethics, the principles
of bioethics:
autonomy, human rights, beneficence, privacy, justice, equity etc.
Biotechnology and Bioethics: ethicai conflicts in biotechnology. Genetic
i6
.,
n!!,:: y_o r:i!;: 9t_l g 71!
r_i
,'1'f
a
.
"5r,- &f
i
u'
r*
t't
* ;f i;g't, .!'r'lJ,'i,.\,,,' r
mocification/research on plarits and aninrals, therapeutic :icning, hunian
cloning, stem cell research.
Unit
ll. Biosafety concepts and issues: biosafety concerns at the levei of
inciividuals, institutions, seciety. region, country anC the wcrid. Biosafety
reguiatlons in ti,e i:anclSinq cf i'ecor,rhinent DNA pi'.?cesses and prodit*ts in
institutions arrd inciustr-ies, biosafetv assessmeni pioceelilres in incjia ar:o
abroacj. Biotechnology and tood safety: The GM-food debate and
biosafety assessment pr"ocedirres for biotech foods & related products,
including transgenic food crops. Ecological safety assgssment of
recombinant oi'ganisms and transgenie crops (Eg. Bt c'ttton). Biosafeiy
assessment of biotech phai'maceuticai products such as drugsivaccines
etc. lnternational ciimensions in biosafety: Catagena protocol on biosafeiy,
bioterrorisrn and convention on biological weapons.
Basic Principles and A.cquisition af lntellectual ProSterty Rights
Fnilosopiricai ;rs**ecis i:f inteiieetuai Pr**pe,'ty Laws, Basic Pi'incipies cf
Pailent Lavv. Lrnderstar,ding Copyrights. Trade fu{ai"k, Desigir i{tgnt*,
Unit lll.
Geographical indications and Traditional Knowiedge. Patent Appiicatioir
procedure, Drafting of a Patent Specification. Objectives, Rights,
Assignments of patents and Defenoes in case of lnfringement.
Unit iV.Pateniing research tcois and the
law: Merits and demeriis of patents
biotechnologir inventicns, patentable subjects and protecticn in
biotechnology. Concept of novelty and inventive steps. Moral issues in
biotechnology patenting. tnternational convention for the protection of
for
new varieties Strasbourg conventicn and UPOV convention. Plant
vai-iety pi"oteoticn in in.Jia. Experi,menta! Use Exemption.
The patentabiility of microorganisrns, legal protection for piants and
other higher organisrns, transfer of technology. Patentability of vectors.
Patents on Research Tools. Patented Research Tools; FCR and Taq
Unit V.
Polymerase, Protein and DNA Sequencing lnstrurnents and Research
Tools in Drug DiscoverY
17
,
I.,$"
$ r:.,it,f I,r':<'r
drs
ofel,g.u 5 i'
1;",.' i'
.;'-
EL MB 038T EpidemEoiogy and Pubtic l-tealth.
Unit
I.
Principles and scope of epidemioiagy; measuring health and disease,
disease transrnission concepts, rnodes
of
transrnission, classes of
ep idern ics/outbreaks.
Unit
II.
in
clinicai practice; nneasurentent, ciinicai
diagnosis, clinical importance, treatment effectiveness, clinica! riskadverse reactions to rnedicines. Assessment of medical evidence,
Theoretical and practieal aspects cf the critical appraisal of meciicai
evidence. Epiuemioiogy of eirrrironrnental!y end occupaticna!i1r !ii=ri.et.l
Applying epidernioiogy
diseases.
Unit
Iil.
Application of epidemiology to environmental problems; investigation of
disease outbreaks, environmentai health
surve,vs.
Communicable
ciiseases, genera! classification cf diseases ane! causes
Unit
IV. Epidemiologicai measures of heaiii: status ; monaiity rates and raiios.
infant mortality, maternal mortaiiiy, ahortions. Morbidity rates anci i'atios;
incidence and incidence rates.
SEMESTER IV
E!- MB 04'!T lUicrobiology Fon Environment ProtectionGoncepts Unit
II.
Public Health lssues: Disease Vectors, DrinkingAl/aste-Waters,
Aesthetics. Purpose and Methods of Survelllance :Air-, Water- anci SoilMicrobiology. Life-style- and lndustry- bearings on Polh-ltion. Poliution
Preventiolt, Analysis and Ahatenrent strategies. Value addition on
1R
-
ive rsit1, oJ' t
- - - -:
Ll n
{
g
u I ic
ut
;.;;. ;;,,,t,i,,ry i,ti,,r,ur
wastes=lnducement for Pollution control. State responsibilities at Curricular,
Public-San itation-Leg rsiation and execution. Role of
Un
iversities.
Some Specific Topics: Solid-waste Management. Home-remedies. Organic
Sedimentation
due to Timber- and
husk-processing. Crganic
leachaetes/"Sun-fu/bs"/Drainage-gradients. Pollution Facet of Coconut-,
Fish/Meat-, Food-, Petroleum-, Catering- and Construction sector.
Technologies using lmmobilized cells/enZlrneS;AUthority slack. Criticality of
Timing: Funding & Execution. Forest Protection: Bearing on Ayurueda,
Tourism, Biodiversity conservation. Role of Microbial Control/ Bioremediation.
EL MB 042T Microbiology ln Post-Harvest Agro-Value
Addition -Concepts
Perishability
of Agro-produce. Microbial and Pest-roles. Techno-climatic
Limitations on long-term Storage feasibility. Considerations of Power, Global
Warming. Agro-waste burden: Mass-scale
and Domestic. Crises
Situations:Mass-death of farmed animals. Labour / Transport lay-offs. Floods.
Power/Petroleum-dependence. Problems of storage: -Dry, -salted, -wet,
Pickled. Container-considerations. Vdlue-addition by Microbial Bioprocess:
Gain in Nutritional qualities & Palatability.Volume-reduction, Transportability
and Shelf-life. Classical Fermentations. Exploratory Forays with Single and
Mixed produce. Agro-produce/-wastes as Substrates in Microbial
Fermentations. Value-addition on Agro-land by Bio-remediation.
EL MB 043T Modern Trends in Diagnostic Microbiology and
lmmunology
Unit
I.
The principles of diagnosis of infectious diseases; Basic
concepts of infectious disease diagnosis; collection and transport
of specimen; examination and, processing of cultures; repofting of
results.
19
Li n
iversiU of Cal i c r"it
.
.
tlnit
'Y{
Ii.
li i.'.,\ f i u.' r * h io lreg;.,f i,ilrr:rrr.r
Conventional and Rapid methods for identification of bacteria
and fungi. extremely rapid biochemical and enzymatic tests,
conventional biochemical tests, modification of conventional
biochemical tests.Principles of automated methods for diagnostic
microbiology.
tJnit
III.
Molecular methods
in
clinical microbiology
-
Culture
confirmation; Nucleic acid hybridization, Direct detection probes;
Nucleic acid amplification methods; Diagnostic sequencing;
Molecular typing methods; Pulsed Field Gei Electrophoresis: PCR-
based microbial typing; Genotyping bacteria by using variable
number tandem
Unit
IV.
repeats.
,
Diagnostic immunological methods: principles
of serologic
tests, lmmunoassays for the diagnosis of infectious diseases,
detection technologies of antigen and antibody- classical and
contemporary immunoassays; Flow cytometric assays.
EL MB 044T Emerging Micnobial diseases
[-]nit
I.
Pathogens recognized in the past two decades: Bartonella
henselae, Helicobacter pylori, Equine morbilli virus, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis
E, Human herpesvirus. Lyme borrqliosis, Enterovirus, Clostridium difficile,
-
Mumps virus, streptococcus, Group A, staphylococcus aureus, yellow
fever, Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis, lnfluenza, Prions, Chikungunya
virus, SARS
Unit
II-
Agents with Bioterrorism Potential: Bacillus
anthracis,
Clostridium botulinum, Yersinia pestis , Variola, Viral hemorrhagic fevers:
Lassa Fever, Rift Valley Fever, Dengue, Ebola ,Marburg. coxiella
burnetii, Brucella species, Chlamydia psittaci,
20,
7
{' ^ !f!y:,:,g,,:t_I_g!,_:y!
r
7
U
llI S c. il{ i cro b i ti I * gb,,\"v I lu h us
"
Food- and waterborne pathogens: Diarrheagenic E.coli,
Pathogenic Vibrios, shigella, salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes
Unit III.
,Campylobacter jejuni , Yersinia enterocolitica. Hepatitis A virus, Giardia
lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica,Toxoplasma and Microsporidia
MB O45D Di'ssertation
A dissertation should be submitted by each student as a part of the
curriculum, based on a topic related to the subiect area at the end of the forth
semester. (200 Marks)
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t1 t_i
9u!
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