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Ancient Kingdoms of the
Nile
Chapter 2, Section 1
Main Idea:
Patterns of daily life and
culture in ealy Egyptian
empires were shaped by the
features and the Nile River.
Objectives:
Explore how geography affected the
development of ancient Egypt
Identify the events and discoveries that
marked the development of Egyptian
civilizations
Explain how Egyptian kingdoms
developed and why they collapsed.
The Land:
It’s Geography and Importance
Geography
According to the
map, what
geographical
features on land
surround the Nile
River?
The Nile River
1. The geography of
Egypt has been
dominated by the mighty
Nile River.
2. The Nile is the
longest river in the world,
stretching 4,160 miles!
The Nile River
3. The River flows
from south to north,
breaks into a fanshaped delta and
then empties into the
southern
Mediterranean Sea.
The Nile River
4. The south-to-north flow of the Nile
made it possible for early people to move
goods upland. At the same time,
prevailing wind blowing from north to
south enables boats to sail southward on
the river.
Egypt is wholly a gift of the Nile - Herodotus
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The Nile
“When the Nile overflows, it floods both its
banks to an average distance of forty miles.
But why it does so I find it impossible to
discover... I would particularly like to know
why it starts flooding in mid-summer, of all
times, and goes on doing so for oer three
months before sinking back to its original
level...? -Herodotus
The Nile
5. The Nile River flooded annually for
months.
6. Crops were harvested before the
floods. When waters receded, fertile soil
was left behind.
flooding of the nile
The Nile River
7. Egyptians had to cooperate to control
the Nile, building dikes, reservoirs, and
irrigation ditches.
8. Rulers used the Nile to link and unite
Upper and Lower Egypt.
9. The Nile served as a trade route
connecting Egypt to Africa, the Middle
East, and the Mediterranean world.
Wake Up - Check Up
How did the
Nile River contribute to
the development of
Egyptian civilization?
(Think don’t write)
Early Steps Toward
Civilization
10. By 3800 b.c. they had began to Mine
metals, making alloys, and pottery.
11. By 3000 b.c. the Nile River valley
people had developed hieroglyphics, a
form of writing.
VOCAB:
12. HIEROGLYPHICS: a form of
Egyptian writing that used more than 600
signs, pictures, or symbols to represent
words and sounds.
Hieroglyphics
Decipher the above modern hieroglyphic.
Hieroglyphics
Steps toward Civilization
13. Developed
papyrus ( paper)
from papyrus plant
and ink from soot
and plant juice.
Steps toward Civilization
14. Hieroglyphics
decoded by using
the Rosetta
Stone- a large
stone that
contained Greek
writing and
hieroglyphics.
The Egyptian Kingdoms
1.Two KingdomsLower Egypt
(north), Upper
Egypt (south).
The Egyptian Kingdoms
2. Kingdoms unified after 3200 B.C. by
Menes -king of Upper Egypt.
3. Founded a dynasty – family of rulers.
4. Rulers were political and religious
leaders- regarded as gods.
5. Later rulers took title of pharaoh who
had absolute or unlimited power.
The Egyptian Kingdoms
A funeral mask of
Pharaoh
Tutankhamen.
Beard is a symbol of
the god Osiris
Vulture and cobra on
the headdress
represent the
pharaoh’s power over
Upper and Lower
Egpt.
The Egyptian Kingdoms
6. From the time of Menes until almost
300 B.C., some 30 dynasties ruled
Egypt.
7. Historians divide this time span into
three kingdoms: The Old Kingdom, the
Middle Kingdom and the New Kingdom
The Old Kingdom
The Old Kingdom
8.The Old
Kingdom- 2680
B.C.-2180
B.C.- Great
Sphinx and the
largest pyramids
built.
The Old Kingdom
9. Two classes of people- lower (farmers
and peasants) and upper (pharaoh and
nobles).
10. Pharaohs grew weaker and nobles
grew stronger leads to a long period of
civil wars.
11. This period of internal strife is called
The First Intermediate Period.
The Middle Kingdom
2050 B.C
The Middle Kingdom
12. The Middle Kingdom- begins around
2050 B.C. after a new line of pharaohs
reunite Egypt
13. These strong pharaohs bring peace
and prosperity - “golden age”
The Middle Kingdom
14. Middle Kingdom becomes unstable when
nobles and priests began to again weaken the
power of the pharaoh
15. Invasions begin around 1750 B.C.Hyksos –foreign invaders- arrive from Asia
and take over part of Egypt.
16. Bring new weapons and chariots- rule until
around 1650 B.C. ushering in the Second
Intermediate Period
The New Kingdom
1570 B.C. to 1080 B.C.
The New Kingdom
17. Leaders in Upper Egypt drive the
Hyksos out of the country.
18. A line of strong pharaohs began to
rule a reunited Egypt. This period is
called the New Kingdom (from 1570 b.c.
to 1080 b.c.)
The New Kingdom
19. Pharaohs build and
empire by creating a
strong army and gaining
land along the eastern
end of the
Mediterranean Sea and
south into Nubia.
The New Kingdom
EMPIRE: A form of government in whic
an individual or a single people rules over
many other peoples and their territories.
The New Kingdom
Yes, Sarah Palin could be the first female
Vice President... but Egypt was way
ahead of the game!
The New Kingdom
20. First female pharaoh was Hatshepsut
(1503 B.C.- 1482 B.C.)
21. She was a strong ruler who married her
half-brother in 1479 BC, preferred
wearing men's clothing, erected massive
monuments, and expanded Egypt to new
heights of wealth and glory.
The New Kingdom
22. Secures borders and built tradesucceeded by stepson Thutmose III who
continues to expand Egypt- dies in 1450 B.C
23. Pharaoh Amenhotep IV rules from 1380
B.C- 1362 B.C.
24. Tries to bring social and religious changesend polytheism-belief in many gods and replace
with monotheism- belief in one god.
The New Kingdom
25. Amenhotep IV could not change the
religious beliefs of the people.
26. He was opposed by the priests and
eventually fails... the priests change
religion back to polytheism
Egypt’s Delcine
27. Ramses II (Ramses the Great) was the
last great pharaoh of Egypt (1279 b.c. to
1213 b.c.)
28. Weak leaders and foreign invasions
end Egypt’s power around 300 B.C.
Egyptian Kingdoms
Pharaohs organized
a strong central
state, were absolute
rulers, and were
considered gods.
Egyptians built
pyramids at Giza.
Power struggles,
crop failures, and
cost of pyramids
contributed to the
collapse of the Old
Kingdom.
Large drainage project
created arable farmland.
Traders had contacts
with Middle East and
Crete.
Corruption and
rebellions were
common.
Hyksos invaded and
occupied the delta
region.
Powerful pharaohs
created a large empire
that reached the
Euphrates River.
Hatshepsut
encouraged trade.
Ramses II expanded
Egyptian rule to Syria.
Egyptian power
declined.