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Download Vocabulary for Energy
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Energy The ability to do work Potential Energy Category of energy forms for stored energy and energy because of position (mechanical, chemical, nuclear, gravitational) Category of energy forms for actively doing work through motion (motion, radiation, sound, heat, electrical) Energy something has because it is moving Kinetic Energy Motion Radiation (n.) Energy of moving photons traveling in transverse waves Sound Energy moving through stuff in longitudinal waves Mechanical Energy stored in the tension of objects Chemical Energy stored in chemical bonds between atoms and molecules Energy of vibration and movement of the atoms and molecules in stuff Energy of moving electrons Heat (thermal) Electrical Nuclear Energy stored in the nucleus of atoms Gravitational Energy stored in an object’s height Energy Transfer Energy moving from one location or object to another Energy Transformation Energy changing from one form to another Electromagnetic A stream of photons traveling (EM) (radiation) in a transverse wave at the speed of light Radio Longest wavelength EM radiation Microwave Infrared Visible (light) EM radiation particularly good at making water molecules vibrate EM radiation particularly good at making all kinds of molecules vibrate EM radiation human eyes can see Ultraviolet Higher energy EM radiation that can damage living cells X-ray Very high energy EM radiation that can penetrate many materials The highest energy EM radiation that can penetrate most materials S-shaped waves such as on the surface of water and light waves Compressional waves such as sound and earthquake waves Gamma ray Transverse Waves Longitudinal Waves Medium The matter longitudinal waves make vibrate Wavelength How long a single wave is (with EM radiation wavelength tells you what type it is) How close together one wave is to the next (with sound a higher frequency means higher pitch) How tall waves are (with sound a larger amplitude means a louder volume) A continuous path along which electrons can flow around and around Frequency Amplitude Circuit Battery Conductor A device in which stored chemical energy is converted into electrical energy A material that electricity can travel through Insulator A material that electricity can’t travel through Temperature The average energy of molecular motion (speed) of something’s atoms/molecules The total amount of energy of molecular motion something has (average speed times number of them) Heat transfer by direct contact (atoms banging into other atoms) Heat transfer in fluids (air, oceans, etc.) via hotter areas rising and moving away from the heat source Heat transfer via heat energy transforming into radiation energy and the radiant energy shining away from its source Motion that involves moving back and forth without going anywhere The temperature at which a material switches from liquid to gas or vice versa Phase change from liquid to gas Heat Conduction Convection Radiation Vibration Boiling Point Evaporating Condensing Phase change from gas to liquid Melting Phase change from solid to liquid Freezing Phase change from liquid to solid Deposition Phase change from gas to solid Sublimation Phase change from solid to gas Gravity The fundamental force of attraction of all matter in the Universe Measure of the amount of time it takes an object to move a given distance Anything that has mass and takes up space (made of atoms) Particles that cannot be broken down into smaller components and still be the same matter The bundle of particles at the center atoms Speed Matter Atom(s) Nucleus Electron Neutron A negatively charged particle found outside the nucleus of atoms A neutrally charged particle found in the nucleus of atoms Proton A positively charged particle found in the nucleus of atoms Molecule Atoms chemically bonded together Element One of the 118 different types of atoms Incandescent bulb – Light bulb that works by getting a metal filament glowing hot Light bulb that works by passing electricity through a cloud of gas Light bulb that works by passing electricity through a semiconductor Fluorescent light Light emitting diode light (LED)
