Download Vocabulary for Energy

Energy
The ability to do work
Potential
Energy
Category of energy forms for
stored energy and energy
because of position
(mechanical, chemical,
nuclear, gravitational)
Category of energy forms for
actively doing work through
motion (motion, radiation,
sound, heat, electrical)
Energy something has because
it is moving
Kinetic Energy
Motion
Radiation (n.)
Energy of moving photons
traveling in transverse waves
Sound
Energy moving through stuff in
longitudinal waves
Mechanical
Energy stored in the tension of
objects
Chemical
Energy stored in chemical
bonds between atoms and
molecules
Energy of vibration and
movement of the atoms and
molecules in stuff
Energy of moving electrons
Heat (thermal)
Electrical
Nuclear
Energy stored in the nucleus
of atoms
Gravitational
Energy stored in an object’s
height
Energy Transfer
Energy moving from one
location or object to another
Energy
Transformation
Energy changing from one
form to another
Electromagnetic A stream of photons traveling
(EM) (radiation) in a transverse wave at the
speed of light
Radio
Longest wavelength EM
radiation
Microwave
Infrared
Visible (light)
EM radiation particularly good
at making water molecules
vibrate
EM radiation particularly good
at making all kinds of
molecules vibrate
EM radiation human eyes can
see
Ultraviolet
Higher energy EM radiation
that can damage living cells
X-ray
Very high energy EM radiation
that can penetrate many
materials
The highest energy EM
radiation that can penetrate
most materials
S-shaped waves such as on the
surface of water and light
waves
Compressional waves such as
sound and earthquake waves
Gamma ray
Transverse
Waves
Longitudinal
Waves
Medium
The matter longitudinal waves
make vibrate
Wavelength
How long a single wave is
(with EM radiation wavelength
tells you what type it is)
How close together one wave
is to the next (with sound a
higher frequency means
higher pitch)
How tall waves are (with
sound a larger amplitude
means a louder volume)
A continuous path along which
electrons can flow around and
around
Frequency
Amplitude
Circuit
Battery
Conductor
A device in which stored
chemical energy is converted
into electrical energy
A material that electricity can
travel through
Insulator
A material that electricity can’t
travel through
Temperature
The average energy of
molecular motion (speed) of
something’s atoms/molecules
The total amount of energy of
molecular motion something
has (average speed times
number of them)
Heat transfer by direct contact
(atoms banging into other
atoms)
Heat transfer in fluids (air,
oceans, etc.) via hotter areas
rising and moving away from
the heat source
Heat transfer via heat energy
transforming into radiation
energy and the radiant energy
shining away from its source
Motion that involves moving
back and forth without going
anywhere
The temperature at which a
material switches from liquid
to gas or vice versa
Phase change from liquid to
gas
Heat
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Vibration
Boiling Point
Evaporating
Condensing
Phase change from gas to
liquid
Melting
Phase change from solid to
liquid
Freezing
Phase change from liquid to
solid
Deposition
Phase change from gas to solid
Sublimation
Phase change from solid to gas
Gravity
The fundamental force of
attraction of all matter in the
Universe
Measure of the amount of
time it takes an object to
move a given distance
Anything that has mass and
takes up space (made of
atoms)
Particles that cannot be
broken down into smaller
components and still be the
same matter
The bundle of particles at the
center atoms
Speed
Matter
Atom(s)
Nucleus
Electron
Neutron
A negatively charged particle
found outside the nucleus of
atoms
A neutrally charged particle
found in the nucleus of atoms
Proton
A positively charged particle
found in the nucleus of atoms
Molecule
Atoms chemically bonded
together
Element
One of the 118 different types
of atoms
Incandescent bulb – Light bulb
that works by getting a metal
filament glowing hot
Light bulb that works by
passing electricity through a
cloud of gas
Light bulb that works by
passing electricity through a
semiconductor
Fluorescent
light
Light emitting
diode light
(LED)