Download THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM C16L1

THE
RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
C16L1
The Respiratory System
• What does the respiratory system do?
• How do the parts of the respiratory
system work together?
• How does the respiratory system
interact with other body systems?
Functions of the respiratory system
breathing
gas exchange between the
atmosphere and the blood (supply
oxygen & removes carbon dioxide
and other waste gases)
preventing foreign substances from
entering during breathing
phonation (speaking)
Breathing
Breathing is the movement of air into
and out of the lungs.
Breathing enables your respiratory
system to take in oxygen and to eliminate
carbon dioxide.
Respiratory System
Every cell in your body needs oxygen for a
series of chemical reactions called cellular
respiration.
During cellular respiration, oxygen and
sugars react, releasing energy a cell can
use.
Your respiratory system removes carbon
dioxide and other waste gases from your
body, so that cells can function.
Inhale / Inspiration
breathe in
Exhale / Expiration
breathe out
STRUCTURES OF THE
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
nose and nasal cavities
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
alveoli
nose and nasal cavities
nasal
septum:
separate
the two
nasal
cavities
ciliated mucous membranes
Cilia line
the nose
and most
other
airways in
the
respiratory
system.
Functions of the cilia
Wavelike motions of the cilia
carry trapped particles away
from your lungs.
The cilia help prevent harmful
particles from getting very far
into your respiratory system.
Functions of the ciliated
mucous membranes
filters bacteria,
smoke, and dust
particles from the air
warms and moistens
air
If anything irritates nasal membranes,
it stimulates sneezing.
mucous
a thick,
sticky
substance
that filters
the air
entering
the body
pharynx
The pharynx
is a tube-like
passageway at
the top of the
throat that
receives air,
food, and
liquids from the
mouth or nose.
pharynx
muscular tube lined with a ciliated
mucous membrane
about 5 inches long
extends from the back of the nose
to the esophagus
sometimes called the "control
center" for incoming substances,
since it serves both the respiratory
and digestive systems
7 openings into or out of
the pharynx
2 openings of nasal cavities
2 passageways to middle earspace (Eustachian tubes)
opening of mouth
esophagus (passageway to
stomach)
larynx (passageway to lungs)
larynx
(voice box) short passageway from
the pharynx to the trachea
larynx
walls consist of
cartilage pieces
held together
by several
muscles and
ligaments
vocal chords (or folds)
a pair of
membrane
folds in the
larynx
vocal cords
produces the
voice.
vocal chords (or folds)
vocal chords
in females
are thinner
and shorter
(they vibrate
more rapidly)
vocal chords (or folds)
vocal chords
in males are
thicker and
longer (they
vibrate more
slowly)
glottis
the space
between the
folds
epiglottis
a thin,
flexible flap
in front of
the larynx;
folds over
and blocks
the glottis
during
swallowing
It keeps food and liquids from entering the
rest of the respiratory system.
Trachea (windpipe)
the tube that carries air between
the pharynx and the bronchi
trachea
It is held open by
C-shaped rings of
cartilage.
lined by the ciliated mucous
membrane which traps matter such
as dust, pollen, and smoke
ends behind the heart, where it
divides into 2 bronchi
bronchi
(singular,
bronchus)
the 2 branches
off of the trachea
leading into the
lungs
bronchi
function: carrying air to and from
the lungs
lungs
Lungs are the main
organs of the
respiratory system.
Inside the lungs,
the bronchi
continue to branch
into smaller and
narrower tubes
called bronchioles.
bronchi
bronchi
branch and
rebranch
to form
bronchioles
bronchioles
carries air to and from the alveoli
within the lungs
alveoli
(singular,
alveolus) the
microscopic
sacs in which
the exchange
of gases takes
place in the
lungs
alveoli
walls only 1 cell thick surrounded
by capillaries
How does this gas
exchange take place?
by diffusion
breathing
the process
of inhaling
and
exhaling air
diaphragm
Below the lungs is a
large muscle called
the diaphragm
that contracts and
relaxes and moves
air in and out of
your lungs.
breathing
diaphragm:
main muscle
used in
breathing
Secondary
muscles are
the
intercostals