Download Eco-efficient urban water infrastructure development in Nepal Batu Uprety

Eco-efficient urban water infrastructure
development in Nepal
Strategy
National Workshop on Eco-efficient Water Infrastructure
and Sustainable Urban Development in Nepal
Kathmandu
15-16 October 2014
Batu Uprety
15 October 2014
Background
UN ESCAP’s Pilot implementation of the low carbon green
growth roadmap for Asia and the Pacific to develop a
system for promoting:
 eco-efficiency concept in water-energy infrastructure;
 low carbon economic development path, and
 green growth and greening the economy and reducing
GHG emissions
Objectives
 enhance the capacity of policy-makers; and
 apply the concept of eco-efficiency in water-energy
infrastructure design and planning in the context of
green economy and sustainable urban development
Background (2)
• Eco-efficiency - 'delivery of competitively priced goods
and services that satisfy human needs and bring quality
of life, while progressively reducing ecological impacts
and resource intensity throughout the life cycle to a level
at least in line with the earth's carrying capacity‘
• Create more ‘value’ with less adverse impact
• Sum of economic and ecological efficiencies
• Nepal project on:
 formulation of a strategy on eco-efficient urban water
infrastructure development ; and
 pilot demonstration of eco-efficient water and energy
infrastructure in peri-urban area of the Kathmandu Valley
 Strategy needed to address ongoing and emerging
threats of drinking water deficiency/wastewater mgmt
Study Objectives
• Develop a strategy on eco-efficient urban water
infrastructure by
 Examining the current state-of-the-art on ecoefficient water infrastructure in the Kathmandu
Valley;
 Reviewing relevant policies, legislation, standards
and norms, and exploring opportunities to integrate
eco-efficient water infrastructure concept into these
instruments;
 Analysing possible impacts of climate change
phenomenon on water infrastructures; and
 Proposing strategies on eco-efficient urban water
infrastructures
• Methodology – review and consultation
Existing Condition
• State of water resources – 13 tributaries of the Bagmati
River
• Water demand and supply at alarming rate
• Water availability, access and use – ‘too much’ and ‘too
little water ‘
• Water infrastructures – surface water, ground water,
rainwater harvesting, storm and flood water,
wastewater, sanitation, micro-hydro, and water mills
Impacts of Climate Change
• Temperature rise – 0.60C/decade or 60C/century
• Increased snow melting and glacier retreat
• In 2010, total glaciers 3808 with 3902 km2 and ice reserve of
312 km3
• Ice reserved decreased by 29% (129 km3) between 1977 and
2010 and glaciers increased by 11%
• Intense rainfall within a short period – blockage of drains,
overflow and flood events
• Decreased surface water flow and decline in natural
recharge of aquifers
• Economic loss of 1.5 to 2% of current GDP/year (USD 270360m/yr) due to current climate variability and extreme
event etc.
• Need to cope with/adapt to/build resilience to CC
Response Measures
Policies
 National Urban Policy (2007) with working policy on
rainwater harvesting (2009)
 National Housing Policy (2011) – focus on low carbon
emission during building construction
 2012 White Paper focussing on water source tapping
 2013 Vision Paper on recharging groundwater, supplying
additional water, increasing capacity of existing ponds
and making sewage disposal more effective etc.
 Periodical policy focus on water use, drinking water and
sanitation, NAPA/LAPA and CDM
 CC Policy (2011) – IWRM & LCEDS, fund channelling
 Budget speech - water source drying up, drinking water
Response Measures (2)
Strategy and Plan
 Water Resources Strategy (2002)
 Nepal Water Plan (2005)
 NAPA (2010) – promoting climate smart urban settlement with
proposed activities on lake conservation and ecological
services, water supply source conservation, piloting RWH,
promoting clean and low carbon energy technologies, etc
Relevant guidelines
 Rainwater Harvesting Guideline (2009) with guidebook
 Draft Guideline on Green Technologies for Buildings (2012)
Acts and Rules
 Constitutional provision – right for clean environment
 Water Supply Management Board Act (2006), KVDA Act (1988),
LSGA (1999), Water Resources Act (1992) - don’t obstruct for
promoting eco-efficient water infrastructures
Response Measures (3)
Standards and Norms
 Drinking water/wastewater standards
 Planning norms and standards (2013) – arrangement for
water supply
Institutional Arrangements
 Business Allocation Rules of Nepal (2012) with amendment
2013 – mandates for MoUD, MoE, MoSTE & MoFALD, AEPC
 Valley – KVDA, Water Supply Management Board, High
Powered Committee for Integrated Development of Bagmati
Civilisation, and Town Development Fund Board
 Departments – DoUDBC and DWSS
 Local bodies – DDCs, Municipalities and VDCs
 NGOs – FEDWASUN
 Development partners
Response Measures (4)
• Current Initiatives
 Water supply programmes with UNESCAP wastewater
treatment, RHW and greenery expansion activities in
school
 Sewerage and sanitation facilities
 Rainwater harvesting
 Micro-hydro projects and water mills – outside
Kathmandu Valley and with subsidy provisions
 Climate Change Adaptation
 KAPA and LAPA (99 VDCs and 1 municipality in mid/far
west)
 LAPA for Lamatar VDC in the Valley
 Tariff
 Drinking water and sewerage tariff
Challenges
• Institutional linkages and coordination not at desired
level
• Inadequate allocation and disbursement of budgets and
poor collection of internal revenue
• Inadequate service delivery from programmes and
maintenance & operational mechanism
• Lack of access to EeWIns materials at affordable prices
and matching fund for school toilets, community or
decentralized wastewater treatment facilities
• Lack of/inadequate informed choices on low cost
EeUWIns
• Inadequate means of implementation (finance,
technologies, and capacity – individual/institutional)
Opportunities
• Promoting and scaling-up of rainwater harvesting and
groundwater recharge system;
• Restoring the traditional EeWins;
• Establishing water quality management (treatment,
distribution, monitoring) systems;
• Scaling-up of hydro-met information;
• Restricting construction of unnecessary infrastructures
in landslide and flood-prone area;
• Implementing structural and non-structural measure for
flood protection, improve storm water management
and regulate garbage disposal in vulnerable area; and
• Strengthening and making effective the coordination
mechanism
Proposed Strategy on EeUWIns
• Mission - improve human health and quality of life of
the present and future generations through the
sustained use of EeWIns and reduced pollution load
• Goals - ensure that:
 eco-efficient water infrastructures are integrated
into planning and decision-making processes;
 knowledge-based human resources are adequately
developed and utilised; and
 water, sanitation and hygiene facilities are
improved and health cost is significantly reduced.
Objectives of the Strategy
• Promote use of EeWIns in urban, and peri-urban areas to
provide adequate water, improve water use efficiency,
reduce wastes and achieve ecosystem sustainability;
• Integrate and/or strengthen EeWIn approaches in water and
sanitation sector-related policies, plans and programmes;
• Realign EeWIns in urban planning process, and develop
institutional capacity at different levels;
• Ensure and promote effective communication to raise
awareness, build capacity/skill to implement EeWIns;
• Develop sustainable financing for EeWIns from national and
international sources; and
• Develop and implement national targets to ensure
availability and sustainable management of water and
sanitation.
Guiding Principles
• Explore opportunities for integration
• Prepare and implement national SDGs
• Decentralise implementation of EeUWIn, promote user-driven
approach and support local governments in integrating and
using EeWIns;
• Emphasise on building on and not duplicating on existing
efforts
• Adopt and promote participation and transparency
• Consider ecosystem goods and services to ensure EeWIns
benefits;
• Develop a sustainable financial arrangement for EeWIns
process and technologies and support to poor and
marginalised communities; and
• Promote and use best available eco-efficient technologies by
taking traditional & indigenous knowledge into consideration.
Role of stakeholders and development
partners
• Help governments to provide leadership and
coordination for promoting eco-efficient water
infrastructures at all levels;
• Periodically review technological efficiencies and
address capacity gaps for appropriate design and
successful implementation of EeWIns in an costeffective manner;
• Promote and facilitate prioritization of EeWIns; and
• Coordinate and promote outreach on EeWIns.
Key Strategic Areas
Integration into
planning and
programming
processes (5)
Knowledge
generation and
information
management (3)
Incentivising
the users (4)
Eco –efficient
Urban Water
Infrastructures
Partnership
arrangement (7)
27
Strategies &
22 indicative
actions
Institutional
arrangement
(5)
Technology
development
and use (3)
Key Strategies
A. Integration into planning and programming process
• Identifying key entry points
• Integrating EeWIns into local to national planning processes;
• Integrating EeWIns such as RWH, DEWATS and groundwater
recharge into construction approval of public and corporate
buildings;
• Developing national SDGs and achieving the targets using EeWIns
technologies, processes and practices; and
• Building and mobilizing human resources in planning EeWIns.
B. Incentivising the users
• Developing and implementing economic instruments;
• Incentivising x percentage in using EeWIns;
• Incentivising poor and marginalized communities on EeWIn; and
• Recognising and awarding communities and individuals.
Key Strategies (2)
C. Institutional Arrangement
• Strengthening the mandated institutions in promoting EeWIns;
• Strengthening and/or establishing dedicated institutions to
promote EeWIns in municipalities and peri-urban areas;
• Providing permit to public and corporate and private (above 3storey) buildings with stringent provisions for RHW and WTF;
• Developing a system for monitoring and tracking implementation
of EeWIns effectively with regular reporting provisions; and
• Facilitating technical support to local governments in building
their capacity in promoting use & monitoring of EeWIns.
D. Technology development and use
• Promoting development of user-friendly and affordable ecoefficient technologies particularly RHW and DWATS;
• Creating awareness and building capacity; and
• Establishing and/or strengthening M&E mechanism.
Key Strategies (3)
E. Partnership Arrangement
• Encouraging and facilitating private sector in developing and
implementing CWATs;
• Conserving open spaces for promoting groundwater recharge;
• Promoting greenery and providing spaces for water percolation;
• Encouraging businesses/groups to factor water use efficiency and
wastewater treatment into investment decisions;
• Furthering/promoting cost- and benefit-sharing approaches;
• Establishing eco-efficiency targets for water infrastructures; and
• Encouraging private sector for performance reporting.
F. Knowledge Generation and Information Management
• Generating, managing and disseminating knowledge;
• Identifying knowledge gap to implement EeWIns;
• Documenting and promoting use of traditional knowledge &
technologies; and
• Ensuring transparent and accessible knowledge management
systems to document and share knowledge.
Priority Strategic Actions (sample)
• Integrate EeWIns into policies and programmes, including in the
building code;
• Issue construction permit of public, corporate and above 3-storey
private buildings by ensuring EeWIns;
• Promote and subsidise for installation of EeWIns in public places;
• Scale-up RWH and prepare and/or refine and implement EeWIns
specific guidelines and manuals;
• Promote HRD, and encourage NGOs for skills development;
• Train service providers in low cost, location-specific and practical
EeWIns;
• Include EeWIns into municipality's performance review criteria;
• Manage public open spaces and/or afforest open spaces and
riverbank areas to promote water conservation and groundwater
recharge etc. etc.
Risks and mitigation options proposed
Implementation Strategies
• Institutional strengthening – DoUBC with coordination
mechanism as proposed in RWH guidelines, ministries,
departments, municipalities, SWMTS Centre and academe
• Partnership arrangement – government to play a role of
facilitator and develop policies and incentive packages such as
social recognition and reward, KVDA and triangular relation of
public, private and community-based/civil society groups
• Means of implementation – finance, technology and capacity
building
• Monitoring and evaluation – KVDA
• Implementation approach – through annual plan of the local
governments and informing & influencing the national plan
formulation process
Local governments and triangular partnership key for success