Download End of Middle Ages worksheet

THE END OF THE MIDDLE AGES
Name: ______________________
Date: ______________
WH- ____
Ch 10.4: Political and Social Change
Ch 10.5: Challenges to Church Authority
Analysis Questions: When thinking about what caused the end of the Medieval era, determine:
 How did it change the feudal relationships between the King & Lord, and the Lord & Serf?
 How did it change the role/power of the King, Lord, Knight, Serf?
 How did it challenge the power of the Church?
Directions:
 Description/Evidence: Use the pages indicated to take bullet notes on the topics below.
 Analysis: Compare Description/Evidence information to the “Review of Middle Ages” to answer the
analysis question (thoughtful/complete bullet notes are fine).
CAUSE #1: THE CRUSADES
Description/Evidence
(see p. 268 Crusades Change Europe)
Political Changes
Kings vs. Lords:
Analysis
Analysis Question:
How did the Crusades change the role/power
of Kings, with respect to lords and the
Church?
Answer:
Rulers/Nobles vs. Church:
CAUSE #2: THE MAGNA CARTA
Analysis
Description/Evidence
(See p. 276-277, The Magna Carta Causes Change in England)
Read “If You Were There” and “Building Background” on p. 276. In
what ways did the nobles think the kings’ power was out of control?
The Magna Carta (Latin for _______ __________; Date: _______)
Analysis Question:
How did the Magna Carta change the
relationship between the King and the Lords
in England?
Listing of _________ that the ___________ could not ignore:
Answer:
Describe some rights listed in the Magna Carta:
 Habeus Corpus:
 Required that everyone, even the _______, had to obey the ______
(called Rule of Law)
Other efforts to limit the King’s power & secure rights:


CAUSE #3: THE HUNDRED YEARS WAR
Description/Evidence
(See p. 278, The Hundred Years’ War)
Cause of the War/Dates/Describe the invasion:
Analysis
Analysis Question:
How did the 100 Years War change the
power of Kings?
Answer:
Joan of Arc/Victory:
Analysis Question:
Class Notes: Changes in Military
 New weapons: English longbow (better than old cross bow).
 Knights were easy targets – clumsy w/heavy armor when off
horse.
 Guns/cannons gave foot soldiers advantage over knight
How did the 100 Years War change the role
of the Knight?
Answer:
 Kings raised large armies themselves by hiring professional
soldiers to protect their kingdoms.
CAUSE #4: THE BLACK DEATH
Analysis
Description/Evidence
(See p. 279 The Black Death)
The Black Death:
 What?
Analysis Question:
How did the Black Death change the feudal
relationship between the Lord and Serf?
 When? _________ - __________
 From where?
 Cause of spread?
 Describe the disease:
 Effect: (death toll)
Answer:
CAUSE #5: CHALLENGES TO CHURCH AUTHORITY
(see Ch 10.5, p. 282-285)
Description/Evidence
Conflict within the Church (The Church Reacts to Challengers)
Complaints about the Church:
Analysis
How the Church fought back:
Analysis Question:
What do these challenges say about the
power of Church leaders?
Answer:
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Christianity vs.Islam: Fight over Spain (Christians Fight the Moors)
Reminder: The Empire of Islam had conquered Spain in the early 700’s,
and had since been ruled by a group of Muslims called the Moors.
Around the 1000’s, as the Moors’ power declined, little _________
kingdoms in Spain seized the opportunity to attack. Their effort to
retake _________ from the Moors is called the _______________.
Christian armies pushed the Muslim Moors out of almost all of
Europe by the ________.
King Ferdinand/Queen Isabella – 1492


 A few years later…
DECLINE OF THE MIDDLE AGES
1. BLACK DEATH (THE PLAGUE) IDENTIFICATION: Slide 1.2 A Peter Brueghel “Triumph of Death”
Read p. 310- middle of 312
DESCRIPTION: A disease that swept thru Europe beginning in 1347. 1/3 of the pop died. Lasted til 1600’s.
SIGNIFICANCE: HOW DID THE BLACK DEATH WEAKEN FEUDALISM?
After the plague, there were much fewer people. Lords didn’t have enough people to harvest crops. Allowed
peasants to demand wages, lower rents, etc. Some found better opportunities in towns/villages.
BROKE TIES TO FEUDAL LORDS.
NOTES:
3 types:
Lung (pneumonic) coughing/sneezing fits
Bloodstream (septicemic) rarest most deadly, black spots under skin; eventually choke on own
blood
Boils/buboes on body (bubonic) most common, egg-size swelling, fever/delirium
SPREAD
Started in Mongolia (Gobi Desert) spread along Silk Road
Bacteria caused by fleas on black rats that traveled on merchant ships
1st appeared in Sicily 1347, reached England in late 1348, Russia 1354
TREATMENTS
Ignorant about cause/cure
Blamed God’s anger at sinful humans, stars, Jews (“poisoned wells to spread disease)
Tried ineffective cures, pomanders (oranges with cloves), flagellation (relig fanatics whipped
themselves w/iron spikes), repentance of sins
EFFECTS
Killed 1/4 to 1/3 of population
Venice: 1300= 200,000 1400 = 110,000
Rome: 1300 = 40,000 1400 = 25,000
Death was commonplace
 Fewer workers > workers demanded higher wages, peasant revolts
Some peasants move to cities > increase population in cities
> Reduced power of feudal Lords
2. THE HUNDRED YEARS’ WAR: IDENTIFICATION
Slide 1.2 B 100 years war; Joan of Arc Defeating English forces at Orleans 1429
Read p. 312-313
Description:
Cause:
1337: King of France died. King of England claimed the throne (French defeated English in 1453.)
Joan of Arc:
Bad time for France in the War. Peasant. Received message from God telling her to help fight. Charles
(heir to the French throne) tested her. She ‘passed’. Joan defeated Engl at Orleans. Captured by English,
tried as heretic, burned at stake. 19 years old.
Significance:
How did the 100 years’ War change the role of the Knight?
New weapons: English longbow (better than old cross bow). Knights were easy targets – clumsy when off
horse. Guns/cannons gave foot soldiers an advantage over traditional knight (who was becoming obsolete)
How did the 100 years War change the role of the King?
More power shifted from Lord to King. Formed Monarchies: strong central gov’ts.
Raised large armies themselves (not thru Lords) by hiring professional soldiers to protect their kingdoms.
Notes: Slide 1.2 B 100 years war; Joan of Arc Defeating English forces at Orleans 1429
Catholic Church made Joan a saint in 1922
EFFECTS: DECLINE OF FEUDALISM:
1. Warfare developments: made medieval style of warfare obsolete
2. Monarchs power increases - build huge armies
Developed a tax system to pay for it that went directly to the King (not thru lords)
Military directly under king (not thru lords)
People increased patriotism (Joan of Arc) - assoc w/country not w/Lord
Beginning of “countries” as we know them (England for example concentrated on England cuz lost French fiefs)
3. Decreased power of Lords - didn’t need to be provided with Knights
What caused the fall of the Middle Ages? What caused the decline of Feudalism?