Download Final Regional Review of the Almaty Programme of Action: Addressing the Special Needs of LLDCs of Action: Addressing the Special Needs of LLDCs

Final Regional Review of the Almaty Programme
of Action: Addressing the Special Needs of LLDCs
of Action: Addressing the Special Needs of LLDCs
Organised by
ESCAP/OHRLLS/ECE/Government of Lao PDR
ESCAP/OHRLLS/ECE/Government of Lao PDR
Technical Session 4: Addressing persistent, new and emerging issues facing the Asia Pacific LLDCs
and emerging issues facing the Asia‐Pacific LLDCs
Comments
Saurabh Sinha
Senior Economic Advisor UNDP Mongolia
Senior Economic Advisor, UNDP Mongolia
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HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN LLDCs
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN LLDCs
Overall, the landlocked countries do worse than their maritime neighbours
i hb
i h
in human development indicators: d l
t i di t
• Average
Average GDP per capita of landlocked countries is approximately GDP per capita of landlocked countries is approximately
57% that of their maritime neighbours. • Life expectancy index scores are approx. 3.5 years lower on average. Similarly in education.
• 7 of the 10 countries have nearly a quarter to a third of their populations below the poverty line. • 7 of the 10 countries are located in the bottom half of the latest global HDI ranking table
global HDI ranking table.
Essentially, LLDCs located in a prosperous, surrounding region.
y,
p p
,
g g
2
Key Features of Asian LLDCs
y
Country
Afghanistan*
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Mineral dependence
dependence (2010)
Main resource(s)
Main resource(s)
GNI per capita (2011)
Poverty headcount
Gini
Index
Iron, Copper, Oil and gas
470
36.0
27.8
35.8
30.9
50.6
86
5,290
15.8
33.7
91
91
Molybdenum, Copper, Gold, Lead, Zinc Silver
Zinc, Silver
Iron, Zinc, Oil, gas, Aluminum
3,360
HDI rank (2011)
172
Bh t *
Bhutan*
H d
Hydropower
2 130
2,130
23 2
23.2
38 1
38.1
31 1
31.1
141
Kazakhstan
Oil, gas
8,260
8.2
29.0
71.7
68
Kyrgyzstan
Gold, Lead, Zinc, rare Gold
Lead Zinc rare
metals
880
33.7
36.2
31.4
126
Lao PDR*
Gold, Copper, Zinc, Lead
1,130
27.6
36.7
16.8
138
Mongolia
Copper, Coal, Gold
2,310
29.6
36.5
77.6
110
Turkmenistan
Oil gas Lead Zinc
Oil, gas, Lead, Zinc
4 800
4,800
‐
40 8
40.8
74 1
74.1
102
Uzbekistan
Gold, Copper, Zinc, Lead, Tungsten,
1,510
26.2
36.7
30.4
115
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Extractive Industries in LLDCs: Management of g
Natural Resources for Equity and Sustainability
10 of the 14 Asian‐European LLDCs have substantial reserves of under‐
the‐ground natural resources. For all, except one, export of primary commodities constitutes more For
all except one export of primary commodities constitutes more
than 30% of total exports.
• But a country’s resource wealth alone is no guarantee that it will achieve a high level of human development. Something more is needed.
needed
• The resource‐rich LLDCs face both opportunities and challenges in pp
g
the efficient management and utilization of their natural resources for inclusive growth, environment sustainability and economic and social development.
social development. 4
Observations
1. WTO accession but with little economic diversification among countries
2. High concentration of exports – mostly of primary commodities – to ROW
3. Diversified nature of imports – but mostly from immediate neighbours and intra‐regional
4. This depresses the local manufacturing sector – makes it more uncompetitive. 5. At the same time, the LLDCs are vulnerable to global commodity prices.
5