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Key Messages from the South-East Asia Sub-regional Consultation Meeting – Preparation for the Asian and Pacific Energy Forum – Jesus T. Tamang Director Energy Policy and Planning, Energy Center, Philippines Bangkok, 21 November 2012 1. Overview of the sub-region Table 1: Basic Indicators of South-East Asia (2010) Country Total land area (square km) Population (thousand) GDP ($US - billion) GDP per capita ($US) Brunei Darussalam Cambodia Indonesia Lao PDR Malaysia Myanmar* Philippines Singapore Thailand Timor-Leste** Viet Nam 5,765 181,035 1,860,360 236,800 330,252 676,577 300,000 710 513,120 14,874 331,051 415 15,269 234,181 6,230 28,909 60,163 94,013 5,077 67,312 1,176 86,930 12.402 12.168 708.032 6.508 238.849 43.025 189.326 223.015 318.709 1.054 107.650 29,915 731 3,023 1,045 8,262 715 2,014 43,929 4,735 896 1,238 Source: ASEAN Community in Figures (ACIF 2011) *Myanmar: $US-Kyat exchange rate is based on the parallel rate, as used in the IMF-WEO April 2011 **The World Bank, Country and Economies. 2011. (http://data.worldbank.org/country; accessed on 12 September, 2012); UNDATA, Country Profile – 2009. (http://data.un.org/; accessed on 12 September, 2012). 2. Energy Situation Overview Primary Energy Mix, ASEAN Countries (2007) 23.5% 14.8% Coal Oil Gas Hydro 2.9% Geothermal Others 1.2% 21.4% • Fossil-fuel resources dominate the energy mix in ASEAN countries • “Others” refers, essentially, to traditional biomass • In Timor-Leste, the energy mix is composed of oil (11%) and biomass (89%) (figures from 2006) 36.2% Source: International Energy Agency (IEA), Lao PDR Ministry of Energy and Mines (Lao MEM) World Bank, “Table 1: Timor-Leste 2006: Useful Energy Share of Major Fuels for All Sectors” 2. Energy Situation Overview Primary Energy Requirements in ASEAN (Mtoe)* Source: ASEAN, The 3rd ASEAN Energy Outlook (Jakarta: The ASEAN Secretariat, February 2012), p. 21. 2. Energy Challenges The meeting agreed on the following challenges: Major Challenges! • The need to reduce energy intensity of countries in the sub-region • Attracting large-scale investment, mobilizing financial resources and innovative financing mechanisms • Deployment of large-scale low-carbon and zero-carbon energy technologies • Implementation of an integrated energy market in the sub-region • The increasing dependency on imported energy • The increasing demand for energy • The accessibility and affordability to electricity and modern energy services in some countries in the sub-region • The need to diversify the energy mix in the sub-region 3. Potential for regional cooperation Cooperation among South-East Asian countries will be based on the mechanisms and arrangements that already exist within the ASEAN community 3. Potential for regional cooperation ASEAN Power Grid Network 3. Potential for regional cooperation Trans-ASEAN Gas Pipeline Project 4. Main messages and recommended actions • Creating an integrated energy network for power and gas • To be built on the existing plans for TAGP and APG • Restructuring energy pricing mechanisms so as to be cost-reflective • Optimizing the sustainable exploitation of indigenous energy resources • Deploying low-carbon and zero-carbon energy technologies • Continuing to improve energy efficiency by: • Decoupling economic growth from energy demand in the long term, while understanding the dynamics of economic sectors and its relation to energy • Meeting the target set in the ASEAN Plan of Action to reduce energy intensity by 8% in 2015, based on 2005 levels • Considering a more ambitious energy intensity target within ASEAN beyond 2015 4. Main messages and recommended actions • Reducing dependency on imported energy by: • Improving energy efficiency in the sub-region • Diversification of the energy mix by enlarging the role of renewables and alternative energy • Developing indigenous fossil fuel resources in a sustainable manner • Strengthening capacity development for policy formulation, planning and implementation • Accelerating joint R&D focusing on low-carbon and carbon-free energy technologies and promoting demonstration projects 5. Possible synergies with the rest of the Asia-Pacific region Some challenges shared with other sub-regions: • Reliance on fossil fuels and increasing energy imports from outside the sub-region • Need to usher in a more sustainable energy development path, by increasing energy efficiency, the share of renewables in the energy mix, and large-scale advanced fossil-fuel technologies (with a focus on clean coal technologies) • Provide access to modern energy services Areas of potential synergies with Asia-Pacific: • Institutional arrangements on energy security and international cooperation within the ASEAN community could serve as an inspiration to the Asia-Pacific as a whole • Contributing to the deployment of new energy technologies in Asia-Pacific, • Extension of current infrastructure projects (Trans-ASEAN Gas Pipeline and ASEAN Power Grid) beyond South-East Asia Thank you for the attention Jesus T. Tamang Director Energy Policy and Planning, Energy Center, Philippines