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Technical Advisory Group on Social Statistics Inception Meeting Bangkok, Thailand 29–30 September 2011 Kaushal Joshi Senior Statistician, Development Indicators and Policy Research Division, Economics and Research Department, Asian Development Bank, Manila ADB AND OFFICIAL STATISTICS Major data user ADB Strategies (e.g. Strategy 2020 and Country Strategies) ADB projects conceptualization and implementation ADB Results measurement Research and knowledge products A data compiler Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific Statistical Database System (SDBS) Regional coordinator for global ICP Technical assistance for SCB MDG Progress Monitoring Partnership – (ADBESCAP-UNDP) 2 TA FOR STATISTICAL CAPACITY BUILDING Almost 4 decades of SCB technical assistance Areas of technical assistance in statistics Economic Statistics: national accounts, poverty monitoring, household and establishment surveys, services sector statistics, environment, agriculture statistics Social Statistics: Poverty mapping, poverty database, household surveys on living standards and demographic/health, MDGs, gender statistics, administrative data sources, informal sector and informal employment surveys, social protection Statistical master plans, NSDS, Statistics Law. 3 SOCIAL STATISTICS AND DATA SOURCES Population and Housing Census Household Surveys and Administrative Data Sources 4 SOCIAL STATISTICS AND DATA SOURCES (2) Many social indicators compiled using household surveys (Income/expenditure, DHS, MICS, LFS) Demand for disaggregated indicators– (subnational and local levels, regions with specific conditions – mountainous, deserts, coastal etc., age and gender, rural – urban) Limitations of sample surveys (sample size/costs) Little budgetary support for surveys – high donor dependence Lack of statistical capacity in many DMCs to carry out sophisticated sample surveys 5 SOCIAL STATISTICS AND DATA SOURCES (3) Administrative data collected by line ministries as a byproduct in routine discharge of duties collected regularly and more frequently can be aggregated with break-ups of age, gender, rural-urban at sub-national levels offer potential for compiling more timely and disaggregated indicators 6 SOCIAL STATISTICS AND DATA SOURCES (4) But there are problems in their use for statistical purposes may not be efficiently designed for statistical purposes non-uniform/standard concepts, definitions and methods, instruction manuals for data collectors Under-coverage, non-response, reporting delays Misreporting Lack of capacity in line ministries and in primary data collectors lack of effective coordination between NSO and line ministries 7 ADMINISTRATIVE DATA SOURCES FOR MDGIS Country assessments of the administrative data systems and use in MDGIs Pilot studies on improving administrative data Country training programs on MDGs and Use of Administrative Data Sources (SIAP) Handbook on use of administrative data sources for statistical purposes incorporating findings from country studies Intangible – Advocacy for MDGs and awareness creation for improving administrative sources and inter-agency coordination Mongolia, Nepal, Palau, Sri Lanka and Vietnam NSOs, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education and Vital Registration Agency 8 9 FRAMEWORK OF INCLUSIVE GROWTH INDICATORS 10 Inclusive growth is important to sustain growth Inclusive Growth High, efficient and sustained Growth •Create productive jobs and economic opportunity Social Inclusion to improve access to education, health, and other social services to expand human capacity Social safety nets Good Governance and Institutions KI Special Supplement: “Framework for Inclusive Growth Indicators” presents 35 indicators useful for operationalizing inclusive growth 11 Framework of Inclusive Growth Indicators Poverty and Inequality Income 1. Proportion of population living below the national poverty line 2. Proportion of population living below $2 a day at 2005 PPP $ 3. Ratio of income/consumption of the top 20% to bottom 20% Pillar One Growth and Expansion of Economic Opportunity Nonincome 4. 5. 6. Average years of total schooling (youth and adults) Prevalence of underweight children under f ive years of age Under-five mortality rate Pillar Two Economic Growth and Employment 7. Growth rate of GDP per capita at PPP (constant 2005 PPP $) 8. Growth rate of average per capita income/consumption 2005 PPP $ (lowest quintile, highest quintile, and total) 9. Employment rate 10. Elasticity of total employment to total GDP (employment elasticities) 11. 11 Number of own-account and contributing family workers per 100 wage and salaried workers Access and Inputs to Education and Health 16. School life expectancy (primary to tertiary) 17. Pupil-teacher ratio (primary) 18. Diphtheria, tetanus toxoid, and pertussis (DTP3) immunization coverage among 1-year-olds 19. Physicians, nurses, and midwives per 10,000 population 20. Government expenditure on education as percentage of total government expenditure 21. Government expenditure on health as a percentage of total government expenditure Key Infrastructure Endowments Access to Basic Infrastructure Utilities and Services 22. Percentage of population with access to electricity 23. Share of population using solid fuels for cooking 24. Percentage of population using improved drinking water sources 25. Percentage of population using improved sanitation facilities 12. Per capita consumption of electricity 13. Percentage of paved roads 14. Number of cellular phone subscriptions per 100 people 15. Depositors with other depository corporations per 1,000 adults Pillar Three Social Inclusion to Ensure Equal Access to Economic Opportunity Social Safety Nets 30.Social protection and labor rating 31.Social security expenditure on health as a percentage of government expenditure on health 32.Government expenditure on social security and welfare as percentage of total government expenditure Gender Equality and Opportunity 26. Gender parity in primary, secondary, and tertiary education 27. Antenatal care coverage (at least one visit) 28. Gender parity in labor force participation 29. Percentage of seats held by women in national parliament Good Governance and Institutions 33. Voice and accountability 34. Government effectiveness GDP = gross domestic product, PPP = purchasing power parity Source: Framework of Inclusive Growth Indicators: Special Supplement to Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2011. Asian Development Bank. 35. Corruption perceptions index 12 TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP – SOCIAL STATISTICS: ISSUES FOR CONSIDERATION Addressing policy concerns - (Relevance issue) Need for conceptual framework Importance of statistical standards and metadata Content of social statistics across Asia-Pacific Better use of available data sources for social statistics Coordination (national and international) Statistical capacity building Advocacy for political commitment 13 COMPONENTS OF SOCIAL STATISTICS 14 Source: Final Report of the United Nations Expert Group Meeting on the Scope and Content of Social Statistics, 9-12 September 2008, United Nations, New York 9-12 September 2008 United Nations, New York Thank You [email protected] 63 2 632 5969 www.adb.org 15