Download Expert Group Meeting NUP Framework for A Rapid Diagnostic National Urban Policies

Expert Group Meeting
Mainstreaming Climate Change into
National Urban Policies
Themba R. Phakathi
NUP Framework for A Rapid Diagnostic
United Nations Conference Centre, Bangkok,
Thailand, 17 -18 March 2015
Sustainable Urban Development Principles Promoted by a NUP
More
Better
Integrated
Compact
NUP
Better
Connected
Socially
Inclusive
More
Human
Climate
Rights
Resilient
Based
Planning towards the City we Want
TO ADDRESS THE CHALLENGES
OF
→
TO
Urban Sprawl → Compactness
Segregation → Integration
Congestion → Connectivity
3
More Compact
•
•
•
•
•
Placing emphasis on a sustainable urban form
(shape and density)
Reduces the over exploitation of natural resources
(e.g which result /and is consequence of urban
sprawl)
Promotes economic viability, livability and social
equity.
Promoting high density urban settlements.
Policies of urban compaction may include:
– the promotion of urban regeneration,
– the revitalization of town centers,
– restraint on development in rural areas,
– higher densities,
– mixed-use development,
– promotion of public transport and the
– concentration of urban development at public
transport nodes.
More Connected
• Promotes urban settlements that are
well connected to each other to gain
from complementariness in their
production
structures
(including
system of cities).
• Underpinned by developed networks
or corridors to address transportationrelated needs
• Promotes
the connection both
leading and lagging with better modes
of transport,
• As a result promotes production to be
concentrated in more economically
dense areas to take advantage of
agglomeration economies.
Better Integrated
• Promoting a holistic approach to urban
development.
• Physical (environmental), economic, social
and cultural dimensions of urban life are
interwoven for the success of urban
development.
• Vertical and horizontal integration are crucial
components of the integrated approach.
• Vertical in terms of the early integration and
involvement of the various players of
government, administration and nongovernment players involved in urban
development.
• Horizontal in terms of integrating the various
sectorial policies, and actions of the public
and also private sector for sustainable
development.
• Addressing a set of different field of actions
at the same time
More Socially Inclusive
• Promoting growth with equity
• Everyone, regardless of their economic
means, gender, race, ethnicity or religion,
is enabled and empowered to fully
participate in the social, economic and
political opportunities that cities have to
offer.
• Participatory planning and decision-making
at the centre
• The policy/plans is developed taking into
cognizance the different needs, interests
and potential differential impacts of the
policy/plan on men and women.
• This extends to include other vulnerable
groups which may also include the youth,
elderly, disabled, landless, the poor etc
More Socially Inclusive
• Recognizes the youth
demographic trends
• Recognizes the immense
challenges, Including the burden
of unemployment
• Recognizes the pivotal role
youth needs to play for
sustainable urban development
• Takes cognizance the different
needs, interests and potential
differential impacts of the
policy/plan
More Climate Resilient
• Recognizes the role of
cities as major
contributors to climate
change through their
increased CO2 emissions.
• Recognizes the
vulnerability of urban
populations and
infrastructures to climate
change.
• Promotes both adaptation
to climate change and
mitigation of emissions.
Human Rights based
• A policy that adopts a “human rights
perspective” – "Perspective is liberating”
• Is developed by paying equal attention to
the achievement of desirable outcome
(policy) and to the quality of process
leading to these outcome (Policy).
• Promotes human rights standards (e.g. right
to adequate housing, water and sanitation)
• Underpinned by equally relevant human
rights principles (e.g. non-discrimination,
participation, transparency).
• Promotes furtherance of these human
rights standards and principles in its entire
cycle including implementation, monitoring
and evaluation.
A NUP framework for a Rapid Diagnostic
Rationale
RATIONALE, VISION, AIM/PURPOSE, VALUES AND PRINCIPLES
I.
II.
Framework
3
Action plan
URBANIZATION: DRIVERS, TRENDS AND PROJECTIONS
URBAN LEGISLATION
 Land regulation
 Local authorities, functions and responsibilities
III. URBAN REGULATIONS
 Protection of public space
 Regulation of buildability rights
 Plotting
 Building codes
IV. URBAN PLANNING: IMPLEMENTATION TOOLS AND ENFORCEABILITY
V. HOUSING POLICIES AND REGULATIONS
VI. INFRASTRUCTURE AND BASIC SERVICES
 Water and sanitation
 Energy
 Transport and mobility
 Drainage
 Urban Waste Management
 Telecommunications and others
VII. URBAN ECONOMY AND MUNICIPAL FINANCES
 Municipal Finance
 Local Economic Development - Job Creation
 Land value sharing systems
VIII. PROPOSALS FOR THE URBAN NETWORK
 The dynamics of main cities including capital city
 Policy options for intermediate cities
 Policy options for market towns, villages and settlements
IX. OTHER ISSUES OF STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACTION, STRATEGIES AND ROADMAP
11
Why a NUP for Developing Countries?
1. Transforming urbanization as a source of wealth: reaping
social and economic benefits and managing and reducing
negative externalities.
2. The current growth of urbanization tends to be
unproductive in terms of livelihoods, and is characterized
by slum growth and lack of basic urban services.
12
Target for this NUP Framework: Low Income Countries
100.00
90.00
% Urban Population
80.00
70.00
60.00
50.00
Lower Middle Income Countries
($1,005 or less)
40.00
Higher Middle Income Countries
($3,976-12,275)
30.00
20.00
Low income Countries ($1,006-3975)
10.00
—
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
GDP per capita, 2008 (constant USD. 2000)
Percentage of Urban Population and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Developing Countries
13
National Urban Policy: Definition
1. A deliberate government-led
process of coordinating and
rallying various actors for a
common goal/vision for the
desired urbanization (e.g. in 2030-100 years horizon).
2. Actors include all the pertinent
ministerial departments and the
local authorities. It is important to
also involve the urban stakeholders:
private sector, civil society
organization, research and
academia.
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National Urban Policy (cont.)
3. Provides an overarching
coordinating framework to
address urban challenges to
maximize the benefits of
urbanization, while mitigating
potential adverse externalities.
4. A National Urban Policy should be
approved by the Government and
ready to the point of
implementation.
15
Making a NUP work
1. Affordable (cost-effective and fundable).
2. Simplified and pragmatic (free from undue complexity,
functional, respond to priority and catalytic needs).
3. Action-oriented and implementable (clear implementation
plan, ‘What is not implementable does not exist’).
4. Participatory and inclusive.
16
Making a NUP Work (cont.)
Four Stages:
1. Diagnostic
2. Development/Formulation
3. Implementation
4. Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E)
17
Lessons from NUP processes in several countries
• NUP not giving enough ownership of fundamentals:
adequate control of public spaces, buildability rights, a
financial strategy and a governance framework.
• NUP mainly concentrating on the formulation of the public
policy cycle, but not on its implementation.
• NUP often driven by a sectoral ministry – lack of
integration, a strategic path, and a road map.
• NUP often too centred to cities - rather than
systems/networks of cities.
• NUP seldom introducing a well articulated framework for a
‘national government – local government’ relationship.
18
A NUP framework for a Rapid Diagnostic
Rationale
RATIONALE, VISION, AIM/PURPOSE, VALUES AND PRINCIPLES
I.
II.
Framework
3
Action plan
URBANIZATION: DRIVERS, TRENDS AND PROJECTIONS
URBAN LEGISLATION
 Land regulation
 Local authorities, functions and responsibilities
III. URBAN REGULATIONS
 Protection of public space
 Regulation of buildability rights
 Plotting
 Building codes
IV. URBAN PLANNING: IMPLEMENTATION TOOLS AND ENFORCEABILITY
V. HOUSING POLICIES AND REGULATIONS
VI. INFRASTRUCTURE AND BASIC SERVICES
 Water and sanitation
 Energy
 Transport and mobility
 Drainage
 Urban Waste Management
 Telecommunications and others
VII. URBAN ECONOMY AND MUNICIPAL FINANCES
 Municipal Finance
 Local Economic Development - Job Creation
 Land value sharing systems
VIII. PROPOSALS FOR THE URBAN NETWORK
 The dynamics of main cities including capital city
 Policy options for intermediate cities
 Policy options for market towns, villages and settlements
IX. OTHER ISSUES OF STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACTION, STRATEGIES AND ROADMAP
19
I. Urbanization overview: Drivers, Trends and Projections
• Population dynamics and trends in relation to
urbanization outcomes and patterns (past,
present and future).
• Projects long-term (at least 30-100 years).
• Also should anticipate a better urban
pattern through a design based on
compact, connected, integrated and
inclusive principles.
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II. Urban Legislation
•
Land Regulation
– Deals with existing regulations and
implementation practices of land policies.
Identifies the shortfalls.
– The land tenure system and protection of
land rights.
•
Local authorities, functions and
responsibilities
– Draws the relationship and responsibilities
between the local, regional and national
governments.
21
III. Urban Regulations
•
Regulation and protection of
public space: delimitation of the
public space is the principal
function of urban planning.
•
Regulation of buildability &
urban development rights.
•
Plotting regulation - Cadaster.
•
Building codes.
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IV. Urban Planning: Implementation tools and enforceability
1. Assesses the role of urban planning to secure quality design
of the urban fabric (urban planning & design - definition of
complete urban patterns).
2. Care for the proper provision of open spaces.
3. Proper provision and connectivity of the street pattern.
4. The urban plotting framework. Guaranties the adequate supply
of buildable plots.
5. Cares for the implementability, given the local conditions.
6. Planed city extensions, planed city infills and New Towns.
23
V. Housing Policies and Regulations
• The focus on needs/demand, housing
dynamics and strategies in place to
meet the right to adequate housing.
• Analysis of housing accessibility and
affordability.
• Promotes a financial model for the
development of affordable housing.
• Specifies the role of the private
sector.
• Specifies the role of the public sector.
24
VI. Infrastructure and Basic Services
•
Water and sanitation
– Deals with provision and access to adequate water for
various uses and users.
– Looks at water sectors and actors.
•
Energy
– Energy sources, efficiency options, needs/demand,
sustainability and the link to other sectors (green
economy, environment, quality of life, safety etc.)
•
Transport and mobility
– Addresses the mobility efficiency in the cities and
the different mobility needs of people, goods and
services.
25
VI. Infrastructure and Basic Services (cont.)
• Drainage
– Reviews topography, flood management,
landslides in relation to urban patterns, urban
footprint and spatial organization.
• Urban Waste Management
– Deals with urban waste production and
management: liquid and solid waste,
recycling, reuse, landfills.
• Telecommunications and other
services
26
VII. Urban Economy and Municipal Finances
• Municipal finances:
– Addresses the current and potential
urban financing sources, mechanism
and capabilities to make the cities’
management financially viable. A
budgeting process of income and
expenditure.
• Local economic development Job Creation
– Looks at what interventions can foster
employment opportunities, particularly
for the youth.
– Special attention to the opportunities to
foster a sustainable economic viability.
• Land value sharing systems
27
VIII. Proposals For the Urban Network
•
The dynamics of main cities, including capital city
– Main cities as magnets of additional population growth and
key elements that structure urban dynamics, for the good or
bad.
– Managing larger towns may require specific policy directions,
including special legislation to address existing and future
challenges.
•
Policy options for intermediate cities
– Have the potential to expand and grow, mainstreaming
sustainable dimensions to prevent externalities of
megacities.
•
Policy options for market towns, villages and
other settlements
– Critical drivers of urban forms and patterns in rural areas.
– Ultimately, a clear policy direction on how to predict and
manage the growth of small settlements and villages,
addresses the proper link between rural and urban
economies.
28
A NUP framework for a Rapid Diagnostic
Rationale
RATIONALE, VISION, AIM/PURPOSE, VALUES AND PRINCIPLES
I.
II.
Framework
3
Action plan
URBANIZATION: DRIVERS, TRENDS AND PROJECTIONS
URBAN LEGISLATION
 Land regulation
 Local authorities, functions and responsibilities
III. URBAN REGULATIONS
 Protection of public space
 Regulation of buildability rights
 Plotting
 Building codes
IV. URBAN PLANNING: IMPLEMENTATION TOOLS AND ENFORCEABILITY
V. HOUSING POLICIES AND REGULATIONS
VI. INFRASTRUCTURE AND BASIC SERVICES
 Water and sanitation
 Energy
 Transport and mobility
 Drainage
 Urban Waste Management
 Telecommunications and others
VII. URBAN ECONOMY AND MUNICIPAL FINANCES
 Municipal Finance
 Local Economic Development - Job Creation
 Land value sharing systems
VIII. PROPOSALS FOR THE URBAN NETWORK
 The dynamics of main cities including capital city
 Policy options for intermediate cities
 Policy options for market towns, villages and settlements
IX. OTHER ISSUES OF STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACTION, STRATEGIES AND ROADMAP
29
Recommendations for action, strategies and roadmap (The How and Who)
I.
Brief analysis and recommended options
– Options and scenarios for the NUP including institutional arrangements, policy reforms,
research and evidence collection and support, process for developing the policy,
opportunities and risks
– Prioritization of some areas for strategic intervention at national, regional or local levels
to support the development and implementation of the NUP
II. Strategies for effective implementation
III. Roadmap for developing and implementing the NUP
– Detailed Plan: activities, outputs and milestones and resource requirements
30
What UN-Habitat can do for you
1. Undertake a Rapid Diagnostic.
2. Assist throughout the processes of the NUP.
3. Design and oversight of the Participatory Process.
4. Assist in developing an Integrated Spatial Framework.
5. Integrate City-Region Planning.
6. Review and Evaluation of the Policy.
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Partnership: Together we can do more !
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www.unhabitat.org
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