Download Disaster Risk Reduction & Regional cooperation Challenges and Opportunities

Disaster Risk Reduction
&
Regional cooperation
Challenges and Opportunities
Santosh Kumar
Prof & Head
Policy, planning and Cross cutting Division
National Institute of Disaster Management
India
South Asia
A profile
Eight countries
Continental dimension
• 4,414,748 Sq.km of land
• 1,4448.41 million of people
• Longest mountain ranges
• Largest non-polar glaciers
• Greatest alluvial plains
• 12000 km coastline
• 1500 island
• Hottest and coldest climate
• Driest and wettest of places
Human vulnerability in South Asia
• Home
of one of the oldest civilizations of world
• Self-sufficiency in agriculture,
progress in industry, infrastructure,
science and technology etc
• One of the poorest regions of globe
• With 22% of world population, it
produces only 1.3% of world income
• South Asia is home of
- 40% of world poor (500 mill)
- 46% of world illiterates
- 50% of malnourished child
- Lowest sex ratio in the world
Regional dimension of disasters
• Natural disasters of South Asia do not remain confined
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to national frontiers; every disaster has a regional impact
Earthquake of Bhuj sent tremors as far deep as Karachi
Floods of Bihar and West Bengal as well as Bangladesh
and Bhutan have their origin in Nepal
Cyclones of Bay of Bengal affect coastal regions of
India and Bangladesh
Cyclones of Arabian Sea hit both the coasts of Gujrat in
India and Sindh in Pakistan
Indian Ocean Tsunami caused devastation in four out of
seven South Asian countries.
Recent quake in Pakistan devastated parts of Kashmir
Impact of disasters
• Disasters and economic growth: GDP loss range
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between 2 to 20% - revenue loss 12 to 66%
Social and psychological stress: Non quantifiable
Disaster and development: Disasters erode gains of
development and further siphons resources
Disasters and poverty: Disasters aggravate poverty;
Socially vulnerable: women-children-aged suffer
Disasters and environment: Disasters are both cause
and consequence of environmental degradation, every
disaster aggravates the fragile eco-system of the region
• The reported number of disaster has been
increasing 100 in 1975 to more than 400 in
2005.
• Cost of disaster has also exploded ;
Maldives Tsunami losses
• amounted to 66 percent of GDP
• Pakistan earthquake 2005 estimated damage
of $ 5 billion
WELL-BEING INDEX
Attaining growth rate
DISAST
ER
DISAST
ER
DISAST
ER
GDP/POVE
RTY LINE
HOUSEHOLD/ LIFE PERIOD / YEARS
19
Three dimensions of DisasterDevelopment Nexus
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Disaster are the outcomes of lack of
development or poor development
Disasters erode development and
create further setbacks to development
Sometimes development create new
disasters
Economic
Physical
Social
Ecolo
gical
Interaction of Vulnerability factors
Some commonalities
• Layers of vulnerabilities have been created by lack of
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development or poor development
Physical vulnerabilities: slums in unsafe areas, poor
houses, lack of water and sanitation etc
Economic vulnerabilities: poor economic conditions,
lack of alternate livelihood support
Social vulnerabilities: social discrimination, gender
inequities, lack of insurance, safety nets
Poor governance: poor enforcement of building bye
laws, lack of community participation and involvement
this task must never become an
impossible burden....
2nd Asian conf.
CRF Awarded by Finance
Commissions (Rs. in Crores)
25000
21333.33
20000
15000
11007.59
10000
5000
6304.27
4020
0
9th FC
1990-95
10th FC
1995-2000
11th FC
2000-05
12th FC
2005-10
Allocations on Dedicated Schemes 2005-12
Phases of recovery in aftermath of a disaster
Recovery Management
Reconstruction Management
Emergency Management
RELIEF
REHABILITATION
RECONSTRUCTION
POST DISASTER
DEVELOPMENT
Disaster
1 month
2 months
10 years
Global and regional cooperation
• 1990-2000: International Decade for Natural
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Disaster Reduction (IDNDR)
1994: Yokohama Strategy on Disaster Reduction
January 2005: Hyogo Framework of Action
March 2002: Investment for Sustainable
Development in Pacific Island Countries
June 2004: African Regional Platform for
Disaster Reduction
August 2005: ASEAN Agreement on Disaster
Management and Emergency Response
Regional cooperation in South Asia
• At a bilateral level countries of South Asia
had been cooperating with each other
• Humanitarian assistance during disasters
even among countries with strained relations
• Proactive role of Indian Navy in search and
rescue missions in Sri Lanka and Maldives
during Indian Ocean Tsunami
• Indo-Pak cooperation during recent
erathquake
Some Initiatives in India
• As identified , 37 schemes of 8 Ministries/
Departments that are exclusively dedicated to
disaster management.
• The total financial allocations on these
schemes and programmes in the budget of
2011-12 are Rs. 11708.47 Cr., which is
equivalent to USD 2341.69 millions.
• This works out to 0.94 per cent of the Union
Budget and 0.1 per cent of the GDP.
• Building mechanism for reducing
uncertainties by developing Public good –
warning system, sharing information
• Building robust regional response
mechanism
• Innovating financial tools at the regional
level -disaster recovery , mitigation funds,
risk pool and mitiagion mechanism etc
• Techno legal reforms and bringing more
stakeholders as partner
• Developing regional mechanism for
capacity development and in building
human skills
• Developing integrated framework for CC,
development and disaster risk reduction
• Investing in removing social and economic
disparities
• Introducing disaster resilient security as
new investment approach
• Promoting innovations, research and
education
the process requires creative
innovation, not mere ‘standard operating
procedures’...
SOURCE : IAN
DAVIS
Alknanda valley in 1970’s before flood
Alaknanda Valley afterAlaknanda Flood
Eco-Devlopment Camp in Village Lashyari, Chamoli
Alaknanda Valley- After regreening of the Barren Slopes 1993
Need to do….
• Risk Analysis as an integral part of planning
• Infrastructure projects – housing, roads, bridges,
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drainage, hospitals, schools etc should integrate DRR
features
Allocate separate budget for addressing risks
Development policy should integrate DRR and CC as
priority and enforcement of law
financing and institutional Capacity building should be
made as forefront.
Revisit challenges for In-built and for the new
environment
Incentivize risk reduction and green development
DO NOT
HANDLE
ALONE
Ian Davis
Thank you