Download "Three Fishery" Problems and the Poyang Lake Fishery Continual Development

"Three Fishery" Problems and the Poyang Lake Fishery Continual
Development
XU Bin
Jiangxi Finance & Economic University, Business Administration College and Center for Regulation &
Competition, P.R.China
[email protected]
Abstract: With the Poyang lake Fishery as example, based on introducing fishery resource's exhaustion,
fisherman's economy polarization and fisher village's social conflict, the paper analyses "three fishery"
problems and suggest resolving them in the Poyang Lake finally.
Keywords: the Poyang Lake, "three fishery" problems, continual development
1 Introduction
The Poyang Lake is the biggest fresh water lake in our country and an important fresh water fishery base,
always called "precious lake", "natural fish storage" and has prominent position in national economy of
Jiangxi province. But recently frequent disaster, contaminative environment, predatory fishing in the Po
yang lake region cause the decline of fishery resources, thus make fishermen's in the lake per national
income and per pure income is lower than the average level in the whole province, make living standard
descend gradually and cause many social antinomies and fishery dispute in the lake region, even take
place to fight and war, seriously influence on economy development and society stability in the lake. As
a result, the study on "three fishery" problems in the Poyang lake region not only relates to the rise and
fall of river fishery resources in Jiangxi province and Yangtze River valley, but also has great influence
on national economy and people's livelihood and economic development of fisher village in the Poyang
lake region.
2 Fishery resources exhausted in the Poyang Lake
Take a wide view of the fishery industry development history in Jiangxi province, existent problem is
very rigorous: (One) the fishery catching strength surge. Some fishermen disregard exaltation fishing
strength, improve fishing way for the sake of brief income and use the illegal operation fishing method
to drain the pond to get all the fish for example electrify fish, bomb fish, poison fish etc. They use
packing a harmful fishing tackle and fishing method of rebuild or added mobile bottom dragnet net and
airtight eye spread net, fixation net, enticing array, block river net and load spring dike, and moat spring
lake etc., even still working in the "rest fishing period". Hence it appeared the vicious cycle of "more
catching less fish, less fish more catch". (Two) the fishery catching yield is excessive. In order to obtain
higher economic benefit, many fishermen illegally catch at forbidden fishing period and region, even
carry on depredation catch, result in serious loss towards spawn relative body, young body resources and
supplement resource colony. In order to catching strength exceed the natural reborn ability of fishery
resources; several fishermen broke the natural continuance foundation of the Poyang lake fishery
resources. They cause the fishery resources yield descended completely since 1980 and main economic
fish decreased sharply. (Three) the water environment is worsen. A lot of adopted sand activity break
fish dwell place for rest, wander and breed. According to understanding, in the Poyang lake region
adopted sand ship dig region which radius reach 60 meters and depth reach more than 30 meters, but the
clarity of lake water in the adopted sand district is almost zero, which polluted living ecosystem and
internal water quality at lake bottom, seriously broke water living biologic existence environment and
the vegetative chain that fish relied on existence. Great deals of ships adopted sand work still seriously
influenced on fish activity passage and made fishery environment gradually worsen.
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3 Fisherman's income descended in the Poyang Lake
Along with fish catch efficiency declining day by day and fishery resources getting worse, the
fishermen's income’ increase in the Poyang Lake slows down, the living standard starts to descend.
Subjected to various restriction with subjective and external condition, a part of fishermen who leave
lake, especially fishermen in the faraway fisher village, because of maladjustment or finding no a new
employment post, they unemployed and got into plight. According to the survey on fishermen in the Po
yang lake living condition, we find out that these are economy polarization phenomenon in the
fishermen community currently. (A)Fishermen's living standard continuously falls. The Poyang lake
carries out whole forbidden fishing system at 2002 year. It made that the fishery resources have
instauration. However, after forbidden fishing for four years, fishery administration discovers that the
total efficiency in fishery industry unexpectedly descends and a great deal of fishermen struggle for
living. Sample survey suggests that before the whole lake forbidden fishing, fishermen's income is basic
stable, professional per family fishermen's gross income is 17,500 dollars annual, the cost expenditure
occupy 40% or so, fishermen is average five people per family, fishermen's income is 2100 dollars
annual; professional per family fishermen's gross income just is 9,000 dollars annual, folded into net
income is 5400 dollars, professional per family fishermen's pure income only is 1080 dollars annual[1]. It
shows that fishermen at the inland water region differ from inshore fishermen, inshore fishermen can be
engaged in ocean catch at forbidden fishing period, but the fishermen at inland water region get into
living embarrassment very easily after forbidden fishing. (Two)The fishermen's income gap continues to
extend. If fall of fishermen's income isn't enough to explain their living worse, so compared with the
farmer in same period, the circumstance is more obvious. According to the survey on the fishing regions
in Nanchang county, Poyang county, Jiujiang county near by Poyang lake, the per family fishermen's
income respectively is 2667 dollars, 2621 dollars, 3000 dollars, 2496 dollars and 2500 dollars in
Nanchang county in 2000~2004, per family farmer's incomes more than 5000 dollars in the county; the
per family fishermen's income is 1320 dollars in Nanchang county in 2004, the per family farmer's
income is more than 1800 dollars; the per family fishermen's income respectively is 2085 dollars, 1861
dollars, 2268 dollars, 2326 dollars and 2359 dollars in Jiujiang county in 2000~2004, the circumstance
is wore than the Nanchang county[2]. (C)Special difficult community already forms. The fishermen's
income gap extends, living standard descends, plus the life salvage mechanism of local government is
imperfect or dysfunctional. These also make the fishermen who can not catch little or no fish face a
larger predicament and remain that professional fishermen in the Poyang lake concentrates mostly
Poyang and Yugan counties which are national poverty support and development pivot county, their
financial power is limited and don't carry on salvage for fishermen up to now. In the Poyang lake region,
there are also considerable proportional poor village populations. For example, the percentage(brief
named as poverty rate) that poor population occupy total population in the Poyang lake region is 2.36%
and 0.37 percentage points more than the whole province poverty rate(1.99%)[3].
4 Fisher valley societies depredated in the Poyang Lake
People’s satisfaction degree about their living condition directly influences their support attitude to the
social stabilization, but people’s satisfaction degree about their living condition is directly again decided
by their economy and social status. Higher economy and social status, higher satisfaction degree about
the living condition, whereas lower. Generally said, people who are satisfied with themselves living
condition usually choose normal outlet to expresses their disaffection; whereas people who are not
satisfied usually choose abnormal outlet to expresses their disaffection by more vigorous ways.
Along with the fishery resources excessive developed, the fish region is narrowing and forbidden fishing
period extending, while boats and ships suddenly increase and fishing boat from other region in great
quantities flow out into the lake, the fishing ground space attains saturation. In the fishery production
process, these problems lead to the resources battle which causes benefit conflict and society
contradiction. See from nearer year circumstance, the social conflict problem in the Poyang lake fisher
village is mainly: (A) the influence on family peace and harmony. Fishermen long term work on the lake
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and most family relationship are worse, many husband communicate with their wives seldom, fights and
quarrel occurred usually, which cause family conflict sharpened, Especially death fishermen family and
unemployed fishermen family among them. (B) The influence on the social public security. First, there
are occurrences on fishing conflict affairs. In catching fish process of the Poyang lake fishery, catching
fish conflict affairs continuously occurred, these are just 903 kind of contradict and dispute in the lake
region, 119 across county dispute among them, 17 community fights with weapons in 2008 year. Second,
the lake tyrants tyrannize by neighborhood and are rampant. The problem about the domination of
harbor and lake has been perplexing resident in the Poyang Lake and once influenced on social public
security and economic development of the region.
5 Policy and recommendations
"Three fishery" problems about the fishery resources in the Poyang lake exhausted; fishermen's
economy polarization and fishing village social conflict's are more outstanding. According to the actual
circumstance of fishery, if fishing village and fishermen have no ability to establish reasonable measure,
so solution of "three fishery" problems walk with difficulty and it is hard to obtain effect. Withal, we put
forward a few suggestions as follows:
The measure aiming at fishery resources exhausted
1. To father lake by law, strictly forbid fishing overly. All levels government and fishing administration
want to increase strength for fishery administration further and carry through and implement related law
such as fishery law, environmental protection law and marine products resources protection regulation
and Poyang Lake in Jiangxi province marsh protection regulation etc. Poyang Lake in Jiangxi province
marsh protection regulation rules out that from March 20 to June 20 every year is the forbidden fishing
period for the Poyang Lake. This is first time systemizes to forbid fishing in the Poyang whole lake by
law form in spring and protects commendably the fishery resources of Poyang lake in Jiangxi province,
so it have to strictly be carried out.
2. To set out dredging sand programs and eradicate completely to dredge out-of-order sand. See from
Poyang Lake in Jiangxi province marsh protection regulation, dredging sand should be allowed, but
follows from the programs. Currently, the dredging sand examination and approve right of jiangxi
province have been already transfer to a lower level, but the Poyang lake dredging sand region programs
don't be set out to now. We suggest that the river dredging sand administration section draw up Poyang
Lake dredging sand programs quickly and establish important protective economic fish ovipositors field
of the Poyang lake region, field to ask for bait and live through the winter as the forbidden dredging
sand region.
3. To increase strength for throwing artificial seed. Artificial multiplication put and flow is the most
directly effective method that resumes fishery resources and also a universal international way. In order
to make up the shortage of the Poyang lake fishery resources rebirth quantity, we should increase fund
devotion firstly, build up the Poyang lake fish artificial multiplication put and flow station, extend
artificial multiplication put and flow scale, increase amount of fish kinds, resume fishery resources and
species diversity.
The measure aiming at fishermen's economy polarization
1. To carry out fishery method, protect fishermen's right and interest. The nation should recognize "three
fishery" problems as same as "three agriculture" problems. Indeed because of construction item, tour
development, lake region property right definitude etc. the fishermen lose fishing water region should be
given to reasonable repair and carefully settled their production and living. In the conditioned region,
the fishermen can be brought into the lowest living guarantee; we actively investigate to establish the
fishermen endowment insurance system.
2. To quicken fishery industry structure adjustment, increase fishermen's income. We should actively
adopt payable measure, quicken fishery industry structure adjustment step and mainly engage in breed
aquatics, deepen process, circulate flexible and develop leisure fishery as the important way that
increases fishermen's income. We enlarge implantation strength for the marine products process firm
leader and give special discount on the revenue tax; give marine products process firm technology
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renovation item preferential tax discount; really fulfill concerning preferential province policy for the
marine products process firm using electricity; do efforts to develop leisure fishery, expand fishery
development space.
3. To push forward fishery insurance with each other, build up fishery insurance system. We try for
recognition and support from all levels government, implement supporting local subsidy funds, exert
adequately the direction function of policy. They are decisive factors to pull insurance scale with each
other, quickly push forward building up the fishery insurance policy and system. First, we want to enrich
insurance category firstly and carry on operation such as fish boat insurance and fishermen safety
insurance, breed aquatics insurance, fish pond pollution insurance, emergency salvage subsidy insurance,
fishing village salvage and fishermen welfare etc in the fishery system, enrich insurance category,
satisfy fishermen's need. Second, we want to perfect insurance with each other association. The
insurance with each other association isn't a mercantile organization, but an economic entity that
provides good guarantee for the fishery economy development.
The measure aiming at fishing village social conflict
1. To establish reasonable fishermen cooperate organization. Under the support of all levels government,
the fishing administration should actively create condition for fishermen, establish cooperation relation
between fishermen who have the same operation method, more concentrated work district on the work,
more outstanding contradiction, actively investigate the fishery management at the Poyang lake region,
organize individual and scatter fishermen to establish fishery association. We facilitate communication
and pool between far-famed boatmen, promote exchanges between close village fishermen, cancel late
district antinomy, and lay solid foundation to develop the fishing dispute intermediation activity
smoothly.
2. To promote fishing village into small town construction. Because fishermen idea of "even if leave
lake, not go into the city" is more serious, small town development is one feasible way to guide
fishermen transfer to industry. By great and medial city drive medial and small town, medial and small
town drive laggard fishing village, this can speed modern step and involve many aspect widely, provide
vast space and place for fishermen settlement and development after economy polarization.
3. To perfect related policy on fishermen transferring to industry. In order to push forward "the double
transfers and double reduction" work smoothly, we should to consider give certain economy
compensation to produce fishermen transferring to another industry appropriately. The economy
compensation can be considered as follows three levels: One is to carry on redeem compensation by the
government on fish boat and ship tool, any fishing boat that is included into the reducing ship plan and
discarded down should be given to respective economy expiation according to the boat property and
function; Two is to give fishermen transferring to industry to set economy compensation of transferring
to industry; Three is to bring fishermen changing work to bring into social insurance, thoroughly get rid
of worry and unstable factor.
6 Epilogues
To sum up, because of fishermen's economy polarization and fisher village social conflict resulted by
exhausted fishery resources, we should reply from the high level and draw up some reasonable measure.
At the time fishery resources exhausted day by day, looking for a continual development road: Only
whole, reasonable, adequately making use of fishery resource, by more giving, less taking, reducing
burden, we should suppress economy depravation, dredge, regulate and dissolve various social conflict
at fisher village, so can properly solve "three fishery" problems which restrict economy development
and social stable in Poyang lake fishing region.
Author in brief:
Xu Bin(1978-), male, China, Han nationality, from Nanchang city of Jiangxi province, lecturer in
Jiangxi finance and economic university Business Administration college and part-time researcher at the
Center for regulation and competition, Doctor of Economy, mainly engaged in industry organization and
agriculture problem research.(mail code: 330013).
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Tel: 13698001010. E-mail: xubin19781220@ sina.com.
Acknowledgements:
This paper is the achievement summary from the youth topic of Jiangxi finance and economic university
′"three fishery problems" and fishery management system: Based on investigation about the Po yang
lake fishery resource exhausted′
References
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country and countermeasure analysis. Chinese Fishery Economy.2006(4):3-7
[3]. Huangguoqin Wangxiaohong, Liuyibai. Study on agriculture continual development in the Po yang
lake. Journal of Jiangxi Agriculture University (social science edition). 2005(2):5-8
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