Download DN254 - LT1806: 325MHz Low Noise Rail-to-Rail SOT-23 Op Amp Saves Board Space

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LT1806: 325MHz Low Noise Rail-to-Rail SOT-23 Op Amp
Saves Board Space – Design Note 254
Glen Brisebois
The new tiny LT®1806 combines 325MHz gain bandwidth, 3.5nV/√Hz voltage noise, 100µV input offset voltage and rail-to-rail inputs and outputs in a SOT-23 package.
The device is fully specified on 3V, 5V and ±5V supplies
with a guaranteed maximum input offset voltage of 850µV
at either rail over temperature. It is available in commercial and industrial temperature grades.
1MΩ Transimpedance Amplifier Achieves
Near Theoretical Noise Performance with
Large-Area Photodiodes
The circuit of Figure 1 shows the LT1806 in an ultralow
noise transimpedance amplifier applied to a large-area
high capacitance photodiode. The LT1806 is used for its
high gain bandwidth and low noise. The IFN147 ultralow
noise JFET1 operates at its IDSS (VGS = 0V) with a typical
transconductance of 40mS. With its source grounded, the
JFET and its drain resistor, R52, set a voltage gain of about
8. The combination of the ultralow noise JFET gain stage
and the LT1806 low noise amplifier achieves the ultralow
input noise performance. The circuit’s input voltage noise
was measured at 0.95nV/√Hz. Figure 2 compares the
noise performance of the circuit with that of a competitor’s
C4
1pF
5V
Why is it necessary to have both low voltage noise and
low current noise to achieve low total noise in a large-area
photodiode transimpedance amplifier? Because the
transimpedance circuit’s noise gain, which applies to
voltage noise but not to current noise or resistor noise,
rises drastically with frequency (noise gain = 1 + ZF /XC).
As a sample calculation, a 500pF photodiode has an
impedance of 3.2kΩ at 100kHz, giving a 1MΩ
transimpedance circuit a noise gain of 314 at that frequency. The theoretical noise floor of the 1M resistor is
130nV/√Hz (at room temperature), so any input voltage
noise above 0.41nV/Hz (130nV/√Hz/314) will overtake
the resistor noise at 100kHz. Discrete JFETs are available
with ultralow voltage noise, but they have high input
capacitance (75pF max for the IFN147). Serendipitously,
the input capacitance of the JFET is relatively insignificant
compared to the 500pF of the example large-area photodiode. Although the capacitance of the JFET does increase the overall noise gain slightly, its much lower input
voltage noise is well worth the slight increase in total
, LTC and LT are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation.
Equivalent to Japanese 2SK147.
2 For devices with I
DSS higher than about 12mA, R5 should be reduced to 100Ω to
avoid saturating the JFET.
ZF
R4
1M
monolithic 6nV/√Hz JFET op amp, both with a 680pF
capacitive source.
1
C5
1pF
2500
+
INTERFET
IFN 147
(972 487-1287)
XC
PHOTO*
DIODE
LT1806
–
R6
4.7k
R1
10M
C3
0.1µF
5V
R3
10k
+
C1
100pF
LT1793
–
C2
0.1µF
*SEE TEXT
VS = ±5V
DN260 F01
R2
10M
OUT
OUTPUT NOISE DENSITY (nV/√Hz)
R5*
210Ω
2000
1500
xxx655
1000
THEORETICAL
130nV/√Hz FLOOR
COMPOSITE
FIGURE 1
500
0
0
20k
60k
40k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
80k
100k
DN260 F02
Figure 1. Ultralow Noise, 2.4GHz Gain
Bandwidth Large-Area Photodiode Amplifier
04/01/254
Figure 2. Composite Amplifier
vs Competitor Op Amp xxx655
www.BDTIC.com/Linear
capacitance and noise gain. Table 1 and Figure 3 show the
bandwidth and noise performance achieved with several
large-area photodiodes (and a small-area SFH213 for
comparison). Note that large-area detectors also place
extra demands on the gain bandwidth of an amplifier. The
final case in Table 1 shows a 1MΩ transimpedance
amplifier with 650kHz bandwidth from a 660pF photodiode. Although this may not seem like much bandwidth,
it necessitates a gain bandwidth product of at least
1.8GHz in the amplifier.
The task of the LT1793 is to keep the JFET biased at its IDSS
current (VGS = 0V); it was selected for its low 100pA
maximum input offset current over temperature. The
LT1793 senses the input voltage at the JFET gate through
R1 and nulls this voltage through the LT1806 inverting pin
and back around through R4. The time constants formed
by R1C1 and R3C3 ensure that the LT1793 noise characteristics do not add to the total noise. C1 shunts the
already low LT1793 current noise to ground and R3C3
500
OUTPUT NOISE DENSITY (nV/√Hz)
E
400
300
D
C
200
A
B
100
0
0
20k
60k
40k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
80k
100k
DN260 F03
Figure 3. Output Noise Spectra for Various Photodiodes
keeps the LT1793 and resistor thermal noise away from
the LT1806 low noise op amp input. Note that with the
JFET gate at 0V, there is no reverse bias across the
photodiode, eliminating dark current issues.
At first glance, the circuit does not appear stable, since the
JFET circuit puts additional gain into the op amp loop and
this is usually a recipe for disaster. The reason the circuit
is stable (and with quite a bit of margin) is that the gain is
greater than unity at frequencies above a few hundred Hz.
Because of the relatively high value of the feedback
impedances (1MΩ and 0.5pF) and the 75pF minimum
input capacitance of the JFET, the gain of the circuit is 150
minimum above 300kHz. The LT1806 is a 325MHz gain
bandwidth, unity-gain-stable op amp, so it is quite comfortable maintaining stability above 300kHz in what it sees
as about a gain of 19 (150/8). Note that because the JFET
circuit has a gain of 8, the gain bandwidth of the composite
amplifier is about 2.4GHz. Also of interest are the openloop gains of 2.4 million (8 •␣ 300,000) in the fast loop and
350 billion (3.5 million • 300,000/3) in the slow loop.
These numbers, along with the gain bandwidth and the
1M feedback resistor, determine the impedance that the
photodiode sees looking into the amplifier input.
Conclusion
The LT1806 offers exceptional bandwidth and low noise
in a SOT-23 package. The rail-to-rail inputs and outputs
make the op amp easy to apply and maximize the available dynamic range. The tiny package makes the op amp
a compelling choice where PCB real estate is at a premium. The composite photodiode amplifier shown above
is just one example where the LT1806 meets a difficult set
of requirements. Let’s talk about YOUR difficult set of
requirements today.
Table 1. Performance of the Composite Amplifier with Various Photodiodes
Vendor
Part Number
Optical Character
Typical V = 0 Capacitance
Approximate Bandwidth
A
Siemens/Infineon
408-456-4071
SFH213
Fast IR PIN
11pF
250kHz
B
Siemens/Infineon
408-456-4071
BPW34B
Enhanced Blue PIN
72pF
390kHz
C
Opto-Diode
805-499-0335
ODD45W
Narrow IR GaAlAs
170pF
380kHz
D
Fermionics
805-582-0155
FD1500W
Extended IR InGaAs
300pF
500kHz
E
Siemens/Infineon
408-456-4071
BPW21
Visible Spectrum
660pF
650kHz
Data Sheet Download
http://www.linear-tech.com/go/dnLT1806
Linear Technology Corporation
For literature on our Op Amps,
call 1-800-4-LINEAR. For applications help,
call (408) 432-1900, Ext. 2156
dn254f LT/TP 0401 375K • PRINTED IN THE USA
1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417
www.BDTIC.com/Linear
(408)432-1900 ● FAX: (408) 434-0507 ● www.linear-tech.com
 LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 2001