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The Dissemination of
Tropical Drugs and Healing
Techniques from India
Throughout the Portuguese
Colonial Maritime Empire
1570-1830
Timothy Walker
University of Massachusetts Dartmouth
The Portuguese Estado da Índia (16th-18th centuries)
Malabar Ayurvedic Practitioner, or Vaidya (16th-18 Centuries)
Garcia d’Orta, Coloquios dos Simples e Drogas e cousas medicianais da Índia...
Second European book published in Asia; Rachol Seminary, Goa: 1563
Jackfruit; Pepper and Nutmeg (Cristovão da Costa, 1578)
Tractado de las drogas y medicinas de las Indias Orientales (Burgo,
Spain)
Snake Root (Pau da Cobra) (Cristovão da Costa,
1578)
Bhang (Cannabis) (Cristovão da Costa,
1578)
Distribution Routes of Medicinals in the Portuguese Maritime Wor
Portuguese merchants on trade mission in Asia (17th Century
Portuguese merchants selling goods in Asia (17th Century)
“Plan of the City of Goa” (19th Century)
Royal Military Hospital (Espirito Santo) of Goa (18th Century)
Averaged 3000 patients/year; Administered by Jesuit Missionaries
Royal Military Hospital (Espirito Santo) of Goa (19th Century)
Indo-Portuguese Christian Gentleman in Goa (18th Century)
Served as Physicians & Surgeons in the Royal Hospital
Middle Class Indo-Portuguese Goan Christian; early 19th century
Served as Pharmacists & Nurse Practitioners in the Royal Hospital
Tamarind: used as a digestive, laxative, and to reduce
fever
Manuel Godinho de Erédia, Suma de Árvores e Plantas da Índia Intra Ganges (Goa,
Ginger: used as an anti-rhuematic, diuretic and
aphrodisiac
Manuel Godinho de Erédia Suma de Árvores e Plantas da Índia Intra Ganges
Pepper: used as a tonic, medicinal skin oil and to stimulate
appetite
Manuel Godinho de Erédia Suma de Árvores e Plantas da Índia Intra Ganges (Goa
Pareira Brava (Butua); used to treat wounds &
injuries
Manuel Godinho de Erédia, Suma de Árvores e Plantas da Índia Intra Ganges
Asafoetida: leaves/resin/oil; an anti-spasmodic, carminative,
aphrodisiac, and treatment for hysteria (pilea hystericae or
bál
i )
Benzoin, a popular commodity imported to India from
Persia
Medicinal incense manufactured from dried Benzoin gum
resin
Rhubarb (purgative); a major medicinal product from
northern India and Persian territories
Malwa Opium, a major Deccan-grown medicinal substance
(painkiller) sold throughout Asia
Common Opium Poppy (19th Century)
Narcotic sap wells from incisions in the opium poppy
Extraction of Opium from Poppies (Treatise on Opium, 1618)
Jesuit Pharmacy Medicine Jar (17th-18th centuries)
Network of Jesuit Pharmacies linked all major Portuguese
colonies
Portuguese Jesuit “Collection of [Medical] Recipes” (1766)
Transcribed 360-page document in Jesuit Library of Rome
Portuguese Jesuit “Collection of [Medical] Recipes” (1766)
Transcribed 360-page document in Jesuit Library of Rome
Jesuit Pharmacy Recipe to make “Wound Unguent” (Macau, 18th
Cent.)
Jesuit Pharmacy Recipe to make “Balm of Japan” (Macau, 18th
Cent.)
Jesuit Pharmacy Recipe to make Artificial Bezoar Stones (18th
Cent.)
Jesuit Pharmacy Recipe to make Artificial Bezoar Stones (18th Ce
Container with a Bezoar or "Goa Stone"
Manufactured by Portuguese Jesuits as a medicinal panace
Jesuit Pharmacy Recipe to make “Apoplectic Balsam” (18th Cen
Pharmacopeia (medical guide); Coimbra, Portugal;
1704
Notícias Particular do Comércio da Índia; Puna, India
(1772)
Notícias Particular do Comércio da Índia; Puna, India (1772)
Notícias Particular; Pages explaining procurement of Opium
Jesuit Medical Guide to Plants in Paraguay and Brazil (1580)
Jesuit Medical Guide to Plants in Paraguay and Brazil
(1580)
Table of medicinal plant names in Castilian, Túpi and Guaraní
fim
(finis)