Download B.Sc._Physics_Sem._VI.pdf

THE MAHARAJA SAYAJIRAO UNIVERSITY
OF BARODA
FACULTY OF SCIENCE
PHYSICS DEPARTMENT
PROPOSED CURRICULUM
OF
B. Sc. Semester - VI
PHYSICS
EFFECTIVE FROM 2014-15 ONWARDS
Distribution of credits in B. Sc. Physics (Honors) Programme Sem.-VI
Sr.
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
Course code
Title of core courses (Core – Principal)
Credit
PHY1601C18
PHY1602C19
PHY1603C20
PHY1604C21
PHY1605C22
PHY1606C23
QUANTUM MECHANICS AND SPECTROSCOPY
SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY
ELECTRONICS
ELECTROSTATICS AND MAGNETOSTATICS
COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS
LAB COURSE : GENERAL PHYSICS
Total
4
4
3
4
3
6
24
PHYSICS DEPARTMENT, FACULTY OF SCIENCE
THE M. S. UNIVERSITY OF BARODA, VADODARA
B. Sc. Semester - VI Physics Syllabus (Effective from 2014-15)
PHY1601C18: QUANTUM MECHANICS AND SPECTROSCOPY (4 credits)
UNIT-I
The harmonic oscillator, Energy levels, wave functions, Rigid rotator, Solution of
Schrödinger equation for finite potential well and potential barrier, 3-D Schrödinger
equation, Schrödinger equation for the hydrogen atom, separation of variables
[15 hours]
UNIT-II
Total quantum number, Orbital quantum number, Torque on a magnetic dipole in a
magnetic field, Angular momenta and magnetic moment, Gyro-magnetic ratio,
Larmor frequency and Larmor precession, Magnetic quantum number, electron
probability density, system of two identical particles.
[15 hours]
UNIT-III
Orbital magnetic dipole moment, space-quantization, Stern- Gerlach experiment and
its significance, Quantum numbers – general account, Spin-Orbit coupling, LS and j-j
couplings, interaction energy in spin-orbit coupling, characteristics of Vector atom
model, spectroscopic terms and their notations, Pauli’s Exclusion principle, electron
configurations, the Periodic table.
[15 hours]
UNIT-IV
One electron spectra, Two electron spectra, molecular formation, ionic bonding,
covalent bonding, electron sharing, theories of bonding- the valence-bond approach,
molecular orbital, the H2+ molecular ion, the H2 molecule, electro negativity,
molecular spectra : rotational energy levels of diatomic molecules, rotational
spectra, vibrational energy levels of diatomic molecules, Vibration-Rotation spectra,
electronic spectra
[15 hours]
Text Books:
1. Quantum Mechanics – G. Aruldhas; Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. 2002.
2. Atomic and Molecular spectra- Rajkumar; Kedarnath Ramnath, 2004, Meerut.
3. Quantum Mechanics – J. L. Powell and B. Craseman, 2nd edition, B. I. Publication,
Delhi, 1971.
4. Perspectives of Modern Physics – Arthur Beiser, McGraw Hill,
New York 1969.
Reference Books:
1. Modern Physics (Concepts and Applications) – Sanjiv Puri; Narosa Publishing House.
2004.
2. Introduction to Modern physics – H. S. Mani and G. K. Mehta, Affiliated East-West
Publication Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi 1988 (Reprint 1999)
3. Modern physics by R. Murugeshan & K. Sivaprasath, 13th edition S. Chand
Company Ltd., New Delhi 2007
1
PHYSICS DEPARTMENT, FACULTY OF SCIENCE
THE M. S. UNIVERSITY OF BARODA, VADODARA
B. Sc. Semester - VI Physics Syllabus (Effective from 2014-15)
PHY1602C19: SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY (4 credits)
UNIT-I
Inertial and accelerated frames of reference, the earth as a reference frame, fixed
stars and inertial reference frame, forces in inertial reference system, absolute and
relative acceleration, fictitious forces, accelerometer, centrifugal (also pseudo force :
Coriolis force) and centripetal forces, acceleration in uniformly rotating frame,
Foucault pendulum, mechanics of N-particle system.
[15 hours]
UNIT II
Doppler Effect, Space-time diagram, world-line, the Twin Paradox, relativity in
electromagnetism, variation of mass with velocity. relativistic formula for kinetic
energy, Experimental verification of Time dilation, Lorentz transformation, Minkowski
space, time like and space like intervals
[15 hours]
UNIT-III
Four vectors, four velocity, four momentum, four force, General Introduction to
Tensor, invariant, covariant and contravariant tensors and their products, Einstein’s
summation convention, problems invariance of electric charge, addition of velocities,
problems in relativistic dynamics, Acceleration of a charged particle by constant
longitudinal and transverse electric fields
[15 hours]
UNIT –IV
Charged particle in a magnetic field, Covariant formulation of motion of a charge
particle in the electromagnetic field (Lagrangian method) Relativistic elastic
scattering, centre of mass system and threshold energy, examples from photo
production of pion and antiproton, General Theory of Relativity (Elementary)
[15 hours]
Text Books :
1. Concepts of Modern Physics – Arthur Beiser, 6th Edition, 2005
Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.
2. The special theory of Relativity : S. Banerji and A. Banerji, 2002
Prentice Hall Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
3. Berkeley Physics Course – Vol. I (Mechanics),
Kittle, Knight, Ruderman, Helmholtz, Mayer 2nd Edition, 1981,
McGraw Hill International (Asia Student edition).
REFERENCE BOOKS :
1. Feynman Lecture Series (Vols. I and II) Feynman, Leighton
and Sands MIT reading, Addission Wesley 1964, (Narosa pub. India 1995).
2. Classical Mechanics by Goldestein, Poole and Safko, Pearson
education Asia, 2002
3. Analytical Mechanics by L. H. Hand amd J. D. Finch Cambridge
University press, reprint 2001
4. Introduction to Special Relativity R. Resnick (1989) Wiley Eastern Ltd.,
New Delhi.
2
PHYSICS DEPARTMENT, FACULTY OF SCIENCE
THE M. S. UNIVERSITY OF BARODA, VADODARA
B. Sc. Semester - VI Physics Syllabus (Effective from 2014-15)
PHY1603C20: ELECTRONICS (3 credits)
UNIT-I :
Transistor Stabilization:
Transistor Amplifier circuit design in CE, its load line analysis, voltage and Current gains,
Analysis of a Common emitter Transistor amplifier in low, mid and high frequency range.
Amplifier: Principles of feed back Negative. Feed back:- Effect of negative feedback on Band
width, voltage shunt and voltage series feed back, current shunt and current series feedback,
Emitter Follower and circuit analysis, Darlington amplifier its current and voltage gain,
input and output impedance.
UNIT-II
Transistor Oscillators: Principle of feedback in oscillators, Tuned Collector oscillator and its
operation and circuit analysis, Tuned emitter oscillator and its operation and circuit analysis
and Blocking oscillator. Multivibrators: Switching characteristics and switching times of a
transistor, Astable multivibrator: Circuit conditions and frequency of oscillator Schmitt
trigger, Clamping circuits:- Positive & Negative peak clamping, zero level clamping,
Clipping circuits:- Diode clipper (negative, positive peak), double ended zener diode and
p-n junction diode clipping.
UNIT-III
Operational Amplifier: Characteristics:- Concept of Differential mode, Input off set voltage,
Common mode rejection ratio, Bias Current, Input off set current, slew rate, input-output
impedance, negative feedback in Op-Amp, Inverting, non-inverting, Summing, voltage
follower, zero level detector & Comparator circuit analysis. Digital Electronics:- Binary
number System its Conversion to decimal hexdecimal and octal system and vice versa, BCD
code, Excess-3code, Gray code. Digital gates, Buffers and other gate formation by universal
gates, Boolean algebraic laws and De Morganization, Simplification of Boolean algebraic
expressions, Parity generator and parity checker.
Text Books:
1 Text Book of Electronics – S. L. Kakani and K. C. Bhandari, 1st Edition,
New age Pub. New Delhi 2004.
2 Principles of Electronics – V. K. Mehta 3rd Edition, S. Chand, Company
Ltd, New Delhi.
Reference Books :
1 Electronic Devices and Circuits – Allen Mottershed, 2003 Edition,
Prentice-Hall, Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.
2 Electronics Principles – Albert Malvino, 6th Edition, 1999
Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
3
PHYSICS DEPARTMENT, FACULTY OF SCIENCE
THE M. S. UNIVERSITY OF BARODA, VADODARA
B. Sc. Semester - VI Physics Syllabus (Effective from 2014-15)
PHY1604C21: ELECTROSTATICS AND MAGNETOSTATICS (4 credits)
UNIT I
(S.I. Unit to be followed)
Energy in Electrostatics: Introduction to Electrostatic Potential, Relation between the Field
and the potential) Equipotential Surfaces, Electrostatic Energy, Electric Dipole, Dipole in
Uniform Electric Field, Electric Dipole in a Non-uniform Electric Field, Mutual Potential
Energy of Two Dipoles, Electric Double Layers, Electric Quadruple.
[15 hours]
Unit II
Electrostatics in Dielectrics: Revision of Boundary Conditions, Gaseous Non-Polar
dielectrics, Gaseous Polar Dielectrics, Non-Polar Liquids.
Boundary Value Problems in Electrostatics Fields: Poisson and Laplace Equations,
Earnshaw’s Theorem, Boundary Conditions and Uniqueness Theorem, Solution of Lap lace’s
Equation in Spherical Polar Coordinates, The multi-pole Expansion, Method of Electrostatic
Images, Images in Dielectrics.
[15 hours]
UNIT III
Magnetostatics: The laws of Magnetostatics, The Magnetic Potentials, Current Loops in
External Fields-Magnetic Dipole, Magnetic Dipole in a Non-uniform Magnetic Field,
Magnetic Vector Potential due to a small Current Loop, An Alternative Method for Finding
the Vector Potential A and, hence, the Field B due to a Current Loop, magnetic Media,
Magnetization, Magnetic Field Vector, Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability.
[15 hours]
Unit -IV
Boundary Conditions (Magnetic Field), Uniformly Magnetized Sphere in External Magnetic
Field, A comparison of Static Electric and Magnetic Fields.
Electromagnetic Induction: Electromotive Force, Faraday’s law of Electromagnetic
Induction, Induction law for Moving Circuits, Integral and Differential Form of Faraday’s
law, Self-Inductance and Mutual Inductance, Energy in Magnetic Fields, Hysteresis,
Maxwell’s Equations.
Electromagnetic Waves: Plane Waves in Non-conducting Media, Polarization, Energy Flux
in a Plane Wave, Plane Waves in a Conducting Medium, The Skin Effect.
[15 hours]
Text Books:
1. Electromagnetics by B. B. Laud , 2nd Edition, 1987, 3rd reprint 1992
WILEY EASTERN LIMITED
2. Electricity and Magnetism, Berkley Physics Course volume II by Edward M.
Purcell McGraw Hill Book Company New York 1965
3. Introduction to Electrodynamics by D. J. Griffith, 3rd Ed. PHI-EEE 1998.
Reference Books :
1. Feynman’s Lectures on physics Vol. II by Feynman, Leighton
and Sands MIT reading, Addission Wesley 1964, (Narosa pub.
India 1995).
2. Electricity and Magnetism A Mahajan, A Rangwala, McGraw Hill, 2004.
4
PHYSICS DEPARTMENT, FACULTY OF SCIENCE
THE M. S. UNIVERSITY OF BARODA, VADODARA
B. Sc. Semester - VI Physics Syllabus (Effective from 2014-15)
PHY1605C22: COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS (3 credits)
UNIT- I : Numerical Solution Of Differential Equations:
Solution of 1st order Differential Equations:[I.V.P.] Euler’s method, Runge-Kutta Method
(2nd and 4th order), Simultaneous 1st order D.E., predictor-corrector method.
[B.V.P.] Finite difference approximation.
Solution of 2nd order linear Partial Differential Equations: Applying different methods. (i)
Laplace equation [Gauss Elimination method], (ii) Poisson’s equation [Iterative method:
Successive Over Relaxation scheme], (iii) One dimensional Heat flow equation [CrankNicholson method], (iv) Wave equation [Central difference method].
[15 hours]
UNIT- II :
COMPUTER PROGRAMMING: FORTRAN 90 & 95 (Introduction to computer characteristic,
algorithm and Flow chart.) Characters, Constants, Variables, Data types, Operators:
Arithmetic, Relational etc. Arithmetic statements. I/O & O/P statements. Control
statements: IF, IF-ELSE, GO TO, DO loop. Arrays, Statement function, Programs:
Bisection method, Newton-Raphson method, Matrix multiplication.
.
[15 hours]
UNIT- III :
Programs:
Applications of numerical methods to problems in physics
1. Decay of radio active disintegration.
2. Growth of charge/potential on a capacitor [1st order ODE].
3. Flow of current in closed LCR circuit with source [Runge-Kutta method].
4. Find area under curve to calculate velocity of electron in e/m experiment
[discrete data set].
5. Motion of a particle in a viscous field [numerical integration].
6. Bending of Beam supported at the two ends.
Programs:
Applications of numerical methods to problems in physics
1. Motion of a simple pendulum under gravitational field (frictionless) [2nd order ODE]. 2.
Current passing through R-C series combination [Predictor-Corrector method].
3. Application of Kirchhoff’s Law for electrical circuit [Iterative method].
4. Eigen value of 2 2 matrix [Power method].
5. Evaluate the spring constant from a given data set [Least square approximation].
6. Calculate One dimensional heat flow [Crank Nicholson method]
[15 hours]
Text Books:
1 Introductory methods of Numerical Analysis by S.S. Sastry, 4th Edition, 2005,
Prentice Hall Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
2. Numerical Methods for mathematics; science and engineering by J. H. Mathews
2nd Edition 2007, Prentice Hall Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
3. Computer programming in FORTRAN – 90 & 95 by V. Rajaraman, 2004
Prentice Hall Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
4. Numerical analysis by Fleris & Burden
5. Numerical Methods by E. Balaguruswami 2006, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.
5
PHYSICS DEPARTMENT, FACULTY OF SCIENCE
THE M. S. UNIVERSITY OF BARODA, VADODARA
B. Sc. Semester - VI Physics Syllabus (Effective from 2014-15)
PHY1606C23: LAB COURSE: GENERAL PHYSICS (6 credits)
LIST OF PRACTICALS
1.
BABINET COMPENSTOR
2.
TEMPERATURE OF A FLAME
3.
R. P. OF GRATING
4.
G. M. COUNTER
5.
CAPICITY OF A CONDENSER
6.
SELF INDUCTANCE (RAYLEIGH’S METHOD)
7.
‘h’ BY PHOTOCELL
8.
HIGH RESISTANCE BY LEAKAGE
9.
POSITIVE FEED BACK
10. MULTIVIBRATOR
11. OWEN`S BRIDGE
12. EDSER BUTLER FRINGES
13. ABERATION METER
14. R. P. OF A TELESCOPE
15. ‘e/m’ BY HELLICAL METHOD
16. REGULATED POWER SUPPLY
17. BAND GAP OF SEMICONDUCTOR
18. PUSH-PULL AMPLIFIER STUDY
19. STUDY OF DIFFERENT DIFFRACTION PATTERNS USING LASERS
6