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HSD SOHO • Small Office / Home Office – For many users the most important service – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_office/home_of fice • Many Data Providers target this market – http://business.comcast.com/ – http://www.centurylink.com/small-business/ – http://www.wavebroadband.com/business/ http://www.sparkplugging.com/sparkplugceo/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/brad-shorrcartoon-work-at.jpg CMTS / OSS • Cable Modem Termination System (headend) • Operational Support System (headend) • The above manage a group of cable modems and provide the gateway • See figure 12.1 pg. 12.2 – Appendix A-2, A-4 have symbol keys for cable maps Web Browsers • See text eMTA • Embedded Multi Media Adapter • Provides both Voice and Data 2 phones, if REN for one phone is 5… Broadband Definition • Broadband refers to a communication bandwidth of at least 256 Kbps. • Each channel is 6 MHz wide and it uses an extensive range of frequencies to effortlessly relay and receive data between networks. [4] • “In telecommunications, a broadband signaling method is one that handles a wide band of frequencies. Broadband is a relative term, understood according to its context. The wider (or broader) the bandwidth of a channel, the greater the information-carrying capacity, given the same channel quality.” Wikipedia Qualifying the Drop • Details of qualifying a drop were addressed in module 10 • Forward and reverse path must be functional – What frequencies are required to support a Cable Modem? – How can data only connection be configured? PC Minimum Requirements • See pg 12.4 – RAM – Processor – Browser – Hard drive space – USB port Outside Only Installation • Self install—do it yourself – Kit in a box • Cable Tech only completes what is necessary outside (perhaps a filter on the tap) • eMTA Terminated Ethernet cable • Means….RJ-45 connector is connected (terminated) to cable • How to terminate, though we won’t – http://www.wikihow.com/Make-a-Network-Cable Installation of Modem pg. 12.6, Diagram on pg. 12.7 • May be required for install documentation – Model – Serial number – MAC address • GETMAC command • ILEC (from diagram) Incumbent Local Exchange carrier---existing phone company wiring. • NID Network interface device Installation Modem • Insure Tap is tagged for proper service • Some filters can be a problem – Those that block return path or high freq where HSD forward path resides. • Sometimes high pass filters are installed to reduce noise in return path frequencies – – – – – Remote control car Hair dryers Impulse noise frequencies Micro-reflections Ingress Installation • Verify that all HSD equipment is operational • Confirm PC and peripherals meet minimum requirements • Connect AC adapter to AC outlet • Provision to work order requirements • “IW” inside wiring Provisioning a Cable Modem Physical & MAC, OSI Model DHCP: auto IP configuration The OSS (operational support system) uses TFTP to configure specific configuration / permissions /speed etc. http://blog.ikoa.in/2012/06/cablemodem.html Provisioning a cable modem • Provisioning is automatic once it is initiated – Pg. 12.13 – US = Upstream – DS = Downstream • Required if customer has an alarm system • More to come in voice chapter • Alerts security company through telephony • http://wiki.homet ech.com/tikiindex.php?page= How+to+Wire+an +RJ31X+Jack RJ-31x Don’t open cable modem • It will self destruct…….????? • In researching could only find warnings to not modify the equipment in any way. Keep modem away from Customer Electronics equipment • At least 3 inches • Heat & ventilation WGR • Wireless Gateway Router • http://customer.comcast.com/help-andsupport/internet/setup-a-wireless-network Modem & WiFi together Express Card slot • For laptop to add LAN access Trap • Allow only frequencies that pertain to data • http://www.eaglecomtronics.com/productscabletvsat.html – Data Only – 2/78 blocks channels 2-78 • Allows return path and channels above 78 • • • • • • • • • eMTA Power DS downstream US upstream Online Link Telephone 1 & 2 Battery 1 & 2 Standby • www.cisco.com/we b/consumer/pdf/ug -dpc-2607.pdf • See above pdf – Pg 39 • 5 ren per line, 2 lines = 10 ren REN IPV6 • IPV6 is natively supported by DOCSIS 3 – Firmware upgrade is required to support DOCSIS 2 • 128 bits expressed in Hex 340 undecillion ip addresses 2 128 = 340,282,366,920,938,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 2 32 = 4,294,967,296 Compression of IPV6 address • Up to 3 leading zeros • Consecutive zeros Compression of IPV6 address • Some types of addresses contain long sequences of zeros. • In IPv6 addresses, a contiguous sequence of 16-bit blocks set to 0 in the colon-hexadecimal format can be compressed to :: (known as double-colon). • The following list shows examples of compressing zeros: – The link-local address of FE80:0:0:0:2AA:FF:FE9A:4CA2 can be compressed to FE80::2AA:FF:FE9A:4CA2. – The multicast address of FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:2 can be compressed to FF02::2. IPV6 address Customer IP address NAT • Network address translation • The process of modifying IP address information in IP packet headers while in transit across a traffic routing device. • Commonly used to convert a private IP to a public IP address MSO • Multiple System Operators – Multiple system operators (MSO) are operators of multiple cable television systems. The majority of system operators run cable systems in more than one community and hence most of them are multiple system operators. • Cable companies BPI Not all cable companies use BPI Function of DOCSIS (Data Over Cable Systems Interface Specification) • Baseline privacy interface – "Baseline Privacy Interface", provides a data encryption scheme that protects data sent to and from cable modems in a data over cable network. – BPI gives subscribers data privacy across the RF Network between CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System) and CM (Cable Modem). – Quoted from http://www.birdseye.net/definition/b/bpibaseline_privacy_interface.shtml – The secondary goal of BPI is to provide basic protection from theft of service for cable operators. http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/cable/cmts/ubr7200/co nfiguration/guide/cr72scg/u72_bpi.pdf DOCSIS • http://www.cablelabs.com/news/newgeneration-of-docsis-technology/ • See above link concerning 3.1 – 10Gbps downstream – 1Gbps upstream Static vs. Dynamic IP • http://business.comcast.com/SMB/services/in ternet/ipaddress Security • Norton Free for Comcast HSI users • http://xfinity.comcast.net/constantguard/Prod ucts/CGPS/?cid=NET_33_611 • http://constantguard.comcast.net/products/p rotection-for-pc/?cid=Net_33_611 Home modem accessed at 192.168.100.1 DOCSIS 2 Modem Home modem accessed at 192.168.100.1 DOCSIS 3 Modem Daily provisioned EXTRA STUFF Link-Local Address • In the Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6), the address block fe80::/10 has been reserved for link-local addressing.[2] • The actual link local addresses are assigned with the prefix fe80::/64.[6][note 2] – The 64 bits here is the network identification (ID) TFTP • Trivial file Transfer Protocol • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trivial_File_Transfer _Protocol • is a file transfer protocol notable for its simplicity. It is generally used for automated transfer of configuration or boot files between machines in a local environment. Compared to FTP, TFTP is extremely limited, providing no authentication, and is rarely used interactively by a user. • Due to its simple design, TFTP could be implemented using a very small amount of memory Static IP Address • • • • /30 1 ip address /29 3 /28 5 This contradicts the subnet calculator – http://www.subnet-calculator.com/ • /30 indicates the size of the subnet mask – 30 out of 32 bits are 1s – 2 bits are left for hosts (one of those bits identifies the network and broadcast which cannot be used) – Only one bit remains which will allow for 2 static ip addresses Wikipedia Prefix size Network mask Available subnets Usable hosts per subnet Total usable hosts /24 255.255.255.0 1 254 254 /25 255.255.255.128 2 126 252 /26 255.255.255.192 4 62 248 /27 255.255.255.224 8 30 240 /28 255.255.255.240 16 14 224 /29 255.255.255.248 32 6 192 /30 255.255.255.252 64 2 128