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IP Addressing
Laboratorium Teknik Informatika
Universitas Gunadarma
Stefanus Vlado Adi Kristanto
[email protected]
Version 1.4
IP Terminology
 Bit: A bit is one digit; either a 1 or a 0
 Byte: A byte is 7 or 8 bits, depending on wheter
parity is used. For the rest of this training, always
assume a byte is 8 bits
 Octet: An octet, made up of 8 bits. Is just an ordinary
8 bit binary number.
 Network Address: This is the designation in routing
to send packets to a remote network. For example:
10.0.0.0, 172.16.0.0, 192.168.10.0
 Broadcast Address: The address used by application
and host to send information to all nodes on a
network. For example: 172.16.255.255, which is all
subnets and hosts on network 172.16.0.0
Network Address
• Help to identify route through the network cloud
• Network address divided into two parts: Network and
host
Network Address Range
 Class A
00000000 = 0
01111111 = 127
27 =128 network
224 = 16.777.216 host
 Class B
10000000 = 128
10111111 = 191
214 = 16.384 network
216 = 65.536 host
 Class C
11000000 = 192
11011111 = 223
221 = 2.097.152 network
28 = 256 host
Subnet Mask
10.0.0.0
Subnet Mask:
255.0.0.0 or /8
172.16.0.0
Subnet Mask:
255.255.0.0 or /16
192.168.10.0
Subnet Mask:
255.255.255.0 or /24

1st octet
2nd octet
3rd octet
4th octet
Network
Host
Host
Host
11111111
00000000
00000000
00000000
Host
Host
00000000
00000000
Network Network
11111111
11111111
Network Network Network
11111111
11111111
11111111
Host
00000000
/n “slash” tells us how many “1” bits are in the subnet mask.
IP Addressing
192.168.1.0
10.2.0.0
192.4.0.0
172.0.0.0
Broadcast Address
 Used to send data to all devices on the network
 All ones on host portion of the address
 All devices pay attention to a broadcast
 Broadcast addresses cannot be used as an address
for any device that is attached to the network
Subnet Mask – Your turn!!
What is the broadcast address of each network:
Network Address Subnet Mask
Broadcast Address
172.0.0.0
255.0.0.0
172.16.0.0
255.255.0.0
192.168.1.0
255.255.255.0
192.168.0.0
255.255.0.0
192.168.0.0
255.255.255.0
10.1.1.0
/24
10.2.0.0
/16
10.0.0.0
/16
Subnet Mask – Your Turn!!
What is the broadcast address of each network:
Network Address Subnet Mask
Broadcast Address
172.0.0.0
255.0.0.0
172.255.255.255
172.16.0.0
255.255.0.0
172.16.255.255
192.168.1.0
255.255.255.0
192.168.1.255
192.168.0.0
255.255.0.0
192.168.255.255
192.168.0.0
255.255.255.0
192.168.0.255
10.1.1.0
/24
10.1.1.255
10.2.0.0
/16
10.2.255.255
10.0.0.0
/16
10.0.255.255
Subnetting
 Smaller Broadcast domain
 Low level security provided
 Increased address flexibility
 Reduced network traffic
 Optimized network performance
 Invisibility to Public Internet
 No Need To Request New IP Addresses
Subnetting Analogies
 Street
 House Number
 Pak RT
Subnetting Analogies
 Network Address - Street
 Host Address - House
Number
 Broadcast Address Pak RT
Subnetting Calculation – who’s scare?
 Up till now, I've been talking about IP addresses and
specifying the netmasks by spelling them out:
network 192.168.1.0 with a netmask of 255.255.255.0
 We can represent networks or subnets another way.
The network 192.168.1.0 with that 255.255.255.0
netmask can be expressed as 192.168.1.0/24. The
"24" is the number of bits set to "1" (remember, 8 bits
in each section of a mask).
11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
(255.255.255.0).
 This concept is called CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain
Routing), has been recognized in 1992 by IETF.
Subnetting - Example
 Subnetting seperti apa yang terjadi dengan sebuah
NETWORK ADDRESS 192.168.1.0/26 ?
 Analisa:
192.168.1.0 berarti kelas C dengan Subnet Mask /26
berarti
11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000
255.255.255.192).
Subnetting - Example
 Jumlah Subnet = 2x, dimana x adalah banyaknya
binari 1 pada oktet terakhir subnet mask. Jadi Jumlah
Subnet adalah 22 = 4 subnet
 Jumlah Host per Subnet = 2y - 2, dimana y adalah
adalah kebalikan dari x yaitu banyaknya binari 0 pada
oktet terakhir subnet. Jadi jumlah host per subnet
adalah 26 - 2 = 62 host
 Blok Subnet = 256 - 192 (nilai oktet terakhir subnet
mask) = 64. Subnet berikutnya adalah 64 + 64 = 128,
dan 128+64=192. Jadi subnet lengkapnya adalah 0,
64, 128, 192
Subnetting – Your Turn!!
 172.16.0.0/25
 10.0.0.0/16
 172.16.0.0/18
Subnetting Chart
Subnet Scheme
Subdividing The Host Octets
Reserved, Loopback and Private IP
C:\ipconfig /all
Arigato Gozaimasu
Laboratorium Teknik Informatika
Universitas Gunadarma
February, 18 2006
[email protected]