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Defining Problem for LP Properties • Objective: Maximize or minimize? • Constraints • Other alternative? • Linear mathematical relationship Assumptions • Certainty • Proportionality in objective and constraints • Additivity, total of all activities = the sum of the individual activities • Divisibility, solution not neccesarily be integer number • Nonnegative variable, negative quantity is imposible Formulating LP Problems • Sepenuhnya memahami permasalahan manajerial yang • • • sedang dihadapi Mengidentifikasi tujuan dan kendala Tentukan variabel keputusan (decision variable) Gunakan decision variable untuk memformulasikan ekspresi matematis fungsi tujuan dan kendala Graphical Solution C Area of positive numbers Constraint #1 Constraint #2 Objective/iso profit 0 T Maksimasi: Geserlah garis isoprofit kearah kanan atas dengan tidak mengubah gradien/slope/kemiringan garis tsb. Titik terjauh yang bisa dicapai oleh isoprofit line dalam feasible region merupakan solusi optimumnya. Corner Point Solution C Area of positive numbers Constraint #1 Constraint #2 Objective/iso profit 0 T Pada masing-masing titik, cari koordinatnya, kemudian masukkan koordinat tsb kedalam fungsi tujuan! Computer Solution (Algorithm/Iterations) • • • • Use QM for windows POM for windows Microsoft Excel with Solver Manual: Simplex method Special Cases: Infeasibility C Area of positive numbers Constraint #1 Constraint #2 Constraint #3 Objective/iso profit Satisfying region for respective constraints 0 T Special Cases: Unboundedness C Area of positive numbers Constraint #1 Constraint #2 Constraint #3 Objective/iso profit Feasible region for maximization 0 T Special Cases: Redundancy C Area of positive numbers Constraint #1 Constraint #2 Redundant Constraint #3 Objective/iso profit Satisfying region for respective constraints 0 T Special Cases: Alternate Optimal Solution C Area of positive numbers Constraint #1 Constraint #2 Redundant Constraint #3 Objective/iso profit Satisfying region for respective constraints 0 T Sensitivity Analysis • Seberapa sensitifkah solusi optimal yang didapat • terhadap perbahan profit/unit, resources, dan parameter input lainnya? Sensitifitas terhadap: – Perubahan constraint – Perubahan fungsi tujuan • Cek kembali apa dampak perubahan di atas terhadap • kemiringan garis fungsi tujuan dan fungsi kendala Teliti kembali akibatnya terhadap perubahan feasible region • Apakah solusi optimalnya masih sama? Seberapa besar perubahan fungsi kendala dan fungsi tujuan tidak mengubah solusi optimal?