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Defining Problem for LP
Properties
• Objective: Maximize or minimize?
• Constraints
• Other alternative?
• Linear mathematical relationship
Assumptions
• Certainty
• Proportionality in objective and constraints
• Additivity, total of all activities = the sum of the individual activities
• Divisibility, solution not neccesarily be integer number
• Nonnegative variable, negative quantity is imposible
Formulating LP Problems
• Sepenuhnya memahami permasalahan manajerial yang
•
•
•
sedang dihadapi
Mengidentifikasi tujuan dan kendala
Tentukan variabel keputusan (decision variable)
Gunakan decision variable untuk memformulasikan
ekspresi matematis fungsi tujuan dan kendala
Graphical Solution
C
Area of positive
numbers
Constraint #1
Constraint #2
Objective/iso profit
0
T
Maksimasi: Geserlah garis
isoprofit kearah kanan atas
dengan tidak mengubah
gradien/slope/kemiringan garis
tsb. Titik terjauh yang bisa
dicapai oleh isoprofit line dalam
feasible region merupakan solusi
optimumnya.
Corner Point Solution
C
Area of positive
numbers
Constraint #1
Constraint #2
Objective/iso profit
0
T
Pada masing-masing titik, cari
koordinatnya, kemudian
masukkan koordinat tsb
kedalam fungsi tujuan!
Computer Solution
(Algorithm/Iterations)
•
•
•
•
Use QM for windows
POM for windows
Microsoft Excel with Solver
Manual: Simplex method
Special Cases: Infeasibility
C
Area of positive
numbers
Constraint #1
Constraint #2
Constraint #3
Objective/iso profit
Satisfying region
for respective
constraints
0
T
Special Cases: Unboundedness
C
Area of positive
numbers
Constraint #1
Constraint #2
Constraint #3
Objective/iso profit
Feasible region
for maximization
0
T
Special Cases: Redundancy
C
Area of positive
numbers
Constraint #1
Constraint #2
Redundant Constraint #3
Objective/iso profit
Satisfying region
for respective
constraints
0
T
Special Cases: Alternate Optimal
Solution
C
Area of positive
numbers
Constraint #1
Constraint #2
Redundant Constraint #3
Objective/iso profit
Satisfying region
for respective
constraints
0
T
Sensitivity Analysis
• Seberapa sensitifkah solusi optimal yang didapat
•
terhadap perbahan profit/unit, resources, dan parameter
input lainnya?
Sensitifitas terhadap:
– Perubahan constraint
– Perubahan fungsi tujuan
• Cek kembali apa dampak perubahan di atas terhadap
•
kemiringan garis fungsi tujuan dan fungsi kendala
Teliti kembali akibatnya terhadap perubahan feasible
region
• Apakah solusi optimalnya masih sama? Seberapa besar
perubahan fungsi kendala dan fungsi tujuan tidak
mengubah solusi optimal?