Download oceanic crust

Earth, Planet Earth, the World, Terra
Radius rata2
6,371.0 km
Radius
ekuator
6,378.1 km
Radius kutub
6,356.8 km
148,940,000 km² land
(29.2 %)
Luas
permukaan 361,132,000 km² water
(70.8 %)
Volume
1.0832073×1012 km³
Massa
5.9736×1024 kg
Densitas
rata2
5.5153 g/cm³
Inti
Core
Mantel
Mantle
Kerak
Crust
Chemical/Compositional layers
CRUST
OCEANIC CRUST
kerak samudera
CONTINENTAL CRUST
Kerak benua
CRUST
OCEANIC CRUST
kerak samudera
CONTINENTAL CRUST
kerak benua
KOMPOSISI
KETEBALAN
DENSITAS
UMUR
Granitik; kaya Si dan Al, miskin Mg dan Fe
Diorit dan basalt di bagian bawah
20-70 km
2.7 g/cm kubik
Tua; paling tua 4.4 Ga
CRUST
OCEANIC CRUST
kerak samudera
CONTINENTAL CRUST
kerak benua
KOMPOSISI
KETEBALAN
DENSITAS
UMUR
Basaltik; kaya Mg dan Fe, miskin Si dan Al
7-10 km
3.0 g/cm kubik
muda; paling tua 200 Mya
KOMPOSISI
KETEBALAN
POSISI
Peridotit
2.890 km
10 km-2900 km
10-670 = upper mantle
670-2890 = lower mantle
DENSITAS
- 80% volume bumi
3.4-5.6 g/cm kubik
MANTLE
KOMPOSISI
Besi (88%), nikel (5.8%), Sulfur (4.5 %)
1 % trace elements
TEMPERATUR
DENSITAS
POSISI
KETEBALAN
4000-6000º C
10-13 g/cm kubik
2900-6371 km
3471 km
INTI
O
Si
Al
Fe
Mg
Ca
K
Na
Other
46%
28%
8%
6%
13%
2.4%
2.3 %
2.1%
<1%
Fe
O
Si
Mg
Ni
S
Ca
Al
35 %
30 %
15 %
13 %
2.4%
1.9%
1.1%
1.1%
Litosfer
Lithosphere
Astenosfer
Asthenosphere
Mesosfer
Mesosphere
Inti dalam
Inner core
Inti luar
Outer core
Physical/Mechanical layers
LITOSFER lithosphere
KETEBALAN
PENYUSUN
SIFAT
100-150 km
kerak dan mantel atas
Solid.
Rigid.
Brittle.
ASTENOSFER asthenosphere
KETEBALAN
TEMPERATUR
DENSITAS
PENYUSUN
SIFAT
100-200 km
1400-3000 C
3.4-4.3 g/cm kubik
mantel
Solid.
Ductile.
MESOSFER mesosphere
POSISI
PENYUSUN
KOMPOSISI
TEMPERATUR
DENSITAS
SIFAT
300-2900 km
mantel
peridotit
av. 3000 C
4.3-5.4 g/cm kubik
Solid
makin ke dalam,
struktur kristal makin kompak
Transitional Mantle I: 390-450 km
Transitional Mantle II: ~670-670 km
POSISI
KOMPOSISI
DENSITAS
TEMPERATUR
SIFAT
2900-5200 km
Besi, nikel, 10% lighter elements
9.9–12.2 g/cm kubik
4000-5000 C
Liquid
INTI LUAR outer core
INTI DALAM inner core
POSISI
KOMPOSISI
DENSITAS
TEMPERATUR
SIFAT
5200-6371 km
Besi, nikel, lighter, trace elements
12.8–13.1 g/cm kubik
5000-6000 K
Solid.
100 350
2900
5200
6371
2900
35
More about earth’s layer html
Plate tectonics theory
James Hutton
VERTICAL MOTION due to local difference of mantle’s heat rate
Tapi…
ada hal-hal yang
ga bisa dijelaskan!
Aha! Saya punya teorinya!
It is_
PLATE TECTONIC THEORY
Alfred Lothar Wegener (1880-1930)
litosfer
Mantel atas
Litosfer, yang terdiri atas kerak benua atau kerak samudera dan mantel
atas, mengapung di atas lapisan Astenosfer, lapisan batuan cair.
Itulah lempeng tektonik_
Volcano distribution
And they are MOVING???? How?
WOW, MEREKA bergerak!
How come???
Kalau menurut saya sih,,,.
konveksi inilah yang menggerakkan kerak bumi.
Source: Dietmar Muller, Sydney University
di
?
Volcano distribution
THE MAJOR LITHOSPERIC PLATES
Eurasian Plate
Pacific Plate
12 cm/yr
5-6 cm/yr
India-Australian Plate
ACTIVE TECTONICS of INDONESIA: Crustal motions from GPS study (Bock et al, 2004)
Sorry, Sir.
Today’s researches show
something different.
DIVERGENT
Sea floor spreading
(ocean-ocean)
SWF
Rift valley
(continent-continent)
SWF
PEMEKARAN SAMUDERA ATLANTIK
THE MAJOR LITHOSPERIC PLATES
TRANSFORM FAULT
Banyak gempa bumi di sepanjang transform fault
THE MAJOR LITHOSPERIC PLATES
EQ 1906
EQ 1984
CONVERGENT
ocean-ocean,continent
ocean-continent
Subduction zones
continent-continent
THE MAJOR LITHOSPERIC PLATES
GERAKAN LEMPENG
(TUMBUKAN)
COLLISION
(PENUNJAMAN)
SUBDUCTION
SUPERBENUA
SIKLUS WILSON
RIFTING
( PERETAKAN /
PEMISAHAN )
SPREADING
(PEMEKARAN SAMUDERA)
Siklus berlangsung beberapa ratus juta tahun
Hot-spots.
SWF
Hotspots around the world
That’s all…Thanks!
Mau tantangan baru?
WHY?
A
CHEMICAL THING
WHY THE EARTH HAS SO MUCH IRON?
A
PHYSICAL THING #1
WHY A PART IS LIQUID/DUCTILE WHEREAS ANOTHER IS RIGID?
A
CHEM-PHYS THING
WHY THE FARTHER THE DENSER?