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Sedimentary Rock Notes Weathering • Weathering is a process that breaks down preexisting rocks into sediment. – Caused by • • • • • Wind Water Ice Sunlight Gravity Erosion • Through the process of erosion, sediment is moved from one place to another and deposited in layers. Sedimentary Rock Formation • Sedimentary rock is formed when sediment is compacted and cemented together. Strata • The most noticeable feature of sedimentary rock is its strata (or layers). Sedimentary Rock Classification • Sedimentary rock is classified by the way it forms – 3 main types: • Clastic • Chemical • Organic Clastic Sedimentary Rock • Clastic sedimentary rock forms when rock or mineral fragments, called clasts, stick together. Chemical Sedimentary Rock • Chemical sedimentary rock forms when minerals crystallize out of a solution, such as sea water, to become rock. Organic Sedimentary Rock • Organic sedimentary rock forms from the remains of once-living plants and animals. Sedimentary Rock Structures Stratification: The process in which sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers. Mud cracks: Form when finegrained sediments at the bottom of a shallow body of water are exposed to the air and dry out. Indicate the location of an ancient lake, stream, or ocean shoreline Ripple marks: Marks in rock made by water and wind Preexisting Rock Weathering Sediment Erosion Deposition Compaction & Cementation Sedimentary Rock