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Chapter 3 Section 2 Latitude and Climate How does Latitude influence Climate? Earth/sun relationship ○ More or less direct sun based on Latitude Bands or Zones group climates by Latitude Low Latitudes Between the Tropics Northern Boundary = Tropic of Cancer Southern Boundary = Tropic of Capricorn Always receive direct rays Warm to hot temperatures Known as “The Tropics” High Latitudes North of the Artic Circle South of the Antarctic Circle Experience continuous but indirect sunlight for 6 months of the year Never receives direct sun rays Mid-Latitudes Tropic of Cancer north to Artic Circle Tropic of Capricorn south to Antarctic Circle Most variable weather Temperate ○ Lacking extremes Elevation and Climate Elevation: distance above sea level Thinner air holds less heat -3.5 F for every 1000ft Wind Currents Wind= air moving across the face of the earth Occurs due to uneven heating of atmosphere and surface High pressure and low pressure ○ Create movement of air masses Wind Patterns Prevailing winds Global winds in consistent patterns Determined by latitude and Earth’s movement Coriolis Effect Directionality of winds in Southern and Northern Hemispheres ○ Prevailing winds blow diagonally Trade winds The Horse Latitudes Doldrums Generally windless area around the equator ○ Also north and south of the tropics Ships were stranded Dwindling supplies Need to Lighten the load Ocean Currents Currents: predictable steams of warm and cold water moving through the ocean Causes: Earth’s rotation Changing air pressure Differences in water temperature Coriolis Effect Weather and the Water cycle Water affects and is affected by Temperature Evaporation Condensation Precipitation El Nino A periodic change in the pattern of ocean currents and water temperature in the Mid-Pacific Reverse of Air pressure over the Pacific Domino Effect Landforms and Climate Same latitude + different land forms = different climate Large Bodies of Water High Specific Heat More consistent temperatures Land Forms and Climate cont. Mountain Ranges: Air rises to pass over mountains affecting temperature and precipitation Windward: side facing the wind Leeward: opposite side not facing wind Rain Shadow: Dry area found on leeward side of Mountains Review What Factors affect climate?