Download Diversity of predator of paddy plant pests on paddy field that

Diversity of predator of paddy plant pests on paddy field that managed by
integrated pest management in South Kalimantan
SAMHARINTO SOEDIJO, M. INDAR PRAMUDI
Department of Plant Protection Lambung Mangkurat University. Jl.Jend A. Yani Km 36 Banjarbaru 70714 South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Tel./Fax. +62511-4772240,
email: [email protected]
manuscript received…………………..(the date of paper submission) Revision accepted…………..2016
ABSTRACT
Has done research on the diversity of species predators plant pest rice on paddy fields in the village of Pasar Kamis, Districs of Banjar the
province of South Kalimantan in June - October 2011. Research objectives are to studying the effect of the management of rice fields done
by alumni Famer Field School of Integrated Pest Management (FFS-IPM) of the presence of predatory pest rice than done by non-alumni.
To know the species of predators done caught predators with a sweep insects. The research results show that diversity of species predators in
paddy field managed by alumni based on the order, the family and types relatively number is higher compared with rice fields managed by
non-alumni. In paddy fields managed by farmers of alumni, predators were 6 order, 20 family and 24 species, while managed non-alumni
were 6 order, 17 family and 20 species.
Key words: diversity, the predator of paddy plant pest, integrated pest management, paddy field, South Kalimantan
INTORDUCTION
Integrated pest management (IPM) has provided to the community through Farmers Field School of IPM (FFS IPM
or SLIPM ) since 1980’ beginning in plants rice. At several areas in Indonesia these activities have been successful, the
farmers have applied the concept of IPM in fields. A positive impact of the application of IPM is declining the use of
pesticides in controlling organisms as plant pest that will indirectly correct ecosystem. One of the alleged to improve the
ecosystem biodiversity of organisms that is around plants. The study is done by comparing the presence of arthropods
predators on paddy undertaken by farmers alumni FFS IPM and non-alumni.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The research was done in the village Pasar Kamis sub-district Kertak Hanyar district Banjar South Kalimantan in
June- October 2011. Materials used in this research is the rice plant Pandak local variety that planted on paddy rice fields. To
find out pest predators rice plants in a rice culture carried out the arrest of arthropods by using a sweep net of insect that they
are shaken they 10 times double swing since the rice plant from a month old until towards the harvest (15 times) with a period
of arrest once a week. Predatory arrest carried on the area of the experiments unit with size is 10 x 50 m2 on five point
consisting of four points on the corner and one point in the middle. To identify arthropods used book composed by Shepard, et
al. 1995. The identification then grouped into groups pests, parasitoids, and other predators and referred to the Laboratory of
Entomology belonging to LIPI Cibinong in Bogor.
RESULTS AND DISCCUSION
The results from the arrest and identification have been found complex predators inhabiting paddy fields undertaken
farmers alumni and non-alumni FFS IPM each consisting of 6 order, 20 family and 24 species to paddy fields IPM and 6
order, 17 family and 20 species to paddy fields non IPM. The total number of individual to paddy fields IPM as many as 4.676
individuals, while rice fields non IPM as many as 2.557 individuals (Table 1.).
Table 1. Residents of the complex predators paddy IPM and non IPM in village Pasar Kamis sub-district Kertak Hanyar district Banjar South
Kalimantan
NAME OF ORDER AND
FAMILY
SPECIES
IPM
ABUNDANCE IN PADDY FIELDS
Non IPM
1. Araneae
1.1. Lycosidae
-
Pardosa pseudoannulata
70
49
-
Oxyopes javanus
Oxyopes salticus
57
49
17
17
-
Tetragnatha maxillosa
3074
1452
-
Carrhotus sannio
Maripissa magister
3
35
0
18
-
Ophionea nigrofasciata
109
72
-
Scymnus auritus
Micraspis sp
13
324
0
261
-
Axinotarsus marginalis
129
50
-
Anthocomus rufus
103
100
-
Atheta coriaria
Paederus fuscipes
7
23
0
19
-
Microvelia douglasi douglas
21
14
-
Limnogonus fossarum
10
4
-
Deraecoris vittatus
41
0
-
Nabis sternoferus
24
0
-
Euborellia stali
0
21
-
Polytoxus fuscovittatus
70
42
1.2. Oxyopidae
1.3. Tetragnathidae
1.4. Salticidae
2. Coleoptera
2.1. Carabidae
2.2. Coccinellida
2.3. Malachiidae
2.4. Melyridae
2.5. Staphylinidae
3. Hemiptera
3.1. Coreidae
3.2. Gerridae
3.3. Miridae
3.4. Nabidae
3.5. Lauxaniidae
3.6. Reduviidae
NAME OF ORDER AND
FAMILY
SPECIES
IPM
ABUNDANCE IN PADDY FIELDS
Non IPM
3.7. Pentatomidae
-
Andrallus spinidens
38
19
-
Solenopsis geminata
20
0
-
Agriocnemis femina femina
235
223
-
Acisoma panorpoides
21
8
-
Gryllus veletis
0
37
-
Metioche vittaticollis
28
14
172
120
4.676
2.557
4. Hymenoptera
Formicidae
5. Odonata
5.1. Coenagrionidae
8.2. Libellulidae
6. Orthoptera
6.1. Gryllidae
6.2. Tettigoniidae
-
Conocephalus longipennis
Total
From the table can be seen the contrast between the total number of individual predators those managed in an IPM
with nonIPM. The number of families and the species of predators, IPM relatively higher than those non IPM systems. It is
suspected because in paddy IPM farmers have reduced application chemicals as well as fertilizer or pesticide. They have
switched fertilizer with fertilizers organic while pesticides they are using especially in the nursery and weed control. When a
nursery pesticides chemicals used is carbofuran to control orong-orong Gryllotalpa orientalis) attacking rooting of paddy. To
control of weeds, they should still use herbicides chemistry in the preparation of land because of high costs. An herbicide
used is herbicides with the active ingredient glyphosate which is a systemic herbicide.
Predator that arrested consisting of a species of spiders and insects. Spiders are predators that commonly found in
various habitats. According to Shepard et al. (1995) least there are 8 spiders predators type often found at the ecosystem rice
farming, namely Araneidae (2 species), Lycosidae (1 species), Lynipidae (1 species), Oxyopidae (2 species), Salticidae
(1 species) and Tetragnathidae (1 species).
In the ecosystem of paddy fields according to Herlinda et al (2004) that natural enemies especially parasitoid and
predators always present in paddy fields. This characteristic highly profitable in lowering population pest, because every stadia
pest there is always an enemy natural help to pressing the population. The results of the study Rizali, Buchori and Triwidodo
(2002) diversity insects on rice-fields the banks of the forest found 14.352 individual of insects consisting top 16 order, 110
family, and 435 species. The individual abundance of the largest insects is the order Hymenoptera (45,4 %) and from 435
species identified the abundance of species, highest is on the order Diptera (37,9 %). Paddy fields ecosystem, wealthy of
organic matter and not contaminated by pesticides, biodiversity to improve. The ecosystem paddy field laborers containing 765
species of insects and arthropods relatives. Biodiversity consisted of detrivores, herbivorous (including insect pests),
parasitoid and predators (Saengyot, 2008). A complex and rich web of general and specialist predators and parasitoids live in
or on the rice plant, rice weed, water and soil keep most of the rice pests (Edirisinghe and Channa, 2006).
From the number and types of predators that caught hence the application of the concept of IPM in a rice culture has
shown that biodiversity particularly organisms in the form of predatory more diverse with an abundance of individual far
higher if compared between paddy who managed in an IPM with non IPM. Thus, the concept of IPM proved to be correct
ecosystem paddy fields.
REFERENCES
Edirisinghe J.P. Channa N.B.B. 2006. Rice fields : An Ecosystem Rich in Biodiversity. J. Natn.Sci.Foundation Sri Langka
2006 34(2): 57-59.
Herlinda S, A. Rauf, S. Sosromarsono, U. Kartosuwondo, Siswadi, P. Hidayat. 2004. Artropoda Predator Penghuni Ekosistem
Persawahan di Daerah Cianjur, Jawa Barat. J. Entomologi Indonesia 1(1):9-15. (2004)
Saengyot S. Banpot N. 2008. Spiders in Paddy Fields in Northern Thailand J. ISSAAS Vol. 14, No 1:60 -66 (2008).
Shepard, B.M. A.T. Barrion, and J.A. Litsinger. 1995. Friend of The Rice Farmer. Helpful Insects, and Pathogens.
International Rice Research Institute. Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines. 136 p.
Rizali, A. , D. Buchori dan H. Triwidodo. 2002. Keanekaragaman Serangga pada Lahan Persawahan-Tepian Hutan: Indikator
untuk Kesehatan Lingkungan. Jurnal Hayati. Vol. 9, N0. 2 Juni 2002.