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Organ Mechanical Action Tears, crushes, grinds food into small pieces. Entrance into body Digestion Some – via enzymes in saliva (from salivary glands) Absorption None Pharynx Passage from mouth to esophagus None None Epiglottis Blocks food from entering trachea None None Upper esophageal sphincter Controls passage into esophagus None None Esophagus Passage from pharynx to stomach None None Lower esophageal sphincter Controls passage into stomach. Prevents contents of stomach from entering esophagus None None Stomach Grinds, crushes, and mixes food Lots – via acid and enzymes secreted by stomach Some absorption of water, alcohol, minerals, and drugs Pyloric sphincter Controls passage from stomach to small intestine None None Small intestine Passage from stomach to large intestine. Breaks up chyme via segmentation Lots – via intestinal enzymes and receives bile and pancreatic juices. Most absorption nutrients into blood and lymph. Ileocecal valve Controls passage from small to large intestine None None Large intestine Passage from small intestine to rectum Some via bacteria living in large intestine. Reabsorption of water and minerals. Absorbs some nutrients. Rectum Stores waete prior to excretion. None None Anus Controls exit of waste from the body None None Mouth DIGESTION Organ Salivary Glands Chemicals Enzymes What chemicals do Facilitate break down carbohydrates Stomach Enzymes and hydrochloric acid Acid denatures proteins. Enzymes facilitate break down fats and proteins Pancreas Enzymes and sodium bicarbonate Enzymes facilitate break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Sodium bicarbonate neutralizes stomach acids Liver Bile Emulsifies fats Small intestine Enzymes Facilitate break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins Bacteria in large intestine Bacteria break down food
