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Lesson Overview Climate Lesson Overview 4.1 Climate Lesson Overview Climate Weather and Climate What is climate? Lesson Overview Climate Weather and Climate 1. Weather is the day-to-day condition of Earth’s atmosphere. 2. Climate refers to average conditions of temperature and precipitation. Lesson Overview Climate Factors That Affect Climate What factors determine global climate? Lesson Overview Climate Solar Energy and the Greenhouse Effect The 4. main force that shapes our climate is solar energy that arrives as sunlight that strikes Earth’s surface. things can happen to sunlight: it gets reflected by earth’s surface, escapes into space as heat, trapped by greenhouse gases, absorbed by earth’s surface Lesson Overview Climate Solar Energy and the Greenhouse Effect Some of the heat also radiates back into space, and some is trapped in the biosphere. 6. The balance between heat that stays in the biosphere and heat lost to space determines Earth’s average temperature. Lesson Overview Climate Solar Energy and the Greenhouse Effect 7. Earth’s temperature is largely controlled by concentrations of three atmospheric gases—carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor, greenhouse gases These “greenhouse gases” function like glass in a greenhouse, allowing visible light to enter but 8. trap heat through a phenomenon called the greenhouse effect. Lesson Overview Climate Solar Energy and the Greenhouse Effect 9. If greenhouse gas concentrations rise, they trap more heat, so Earth warms. If concentrations falls, more heat escapes, and Earth cools. Without them, Earth would be about 30°C cooler than it is. Lesson Overview Climate Latitude and Solar Energy 10. Near the equator, solar energy is intense, as the sun is almost directly overhead at noon all year. The 11. since the earth is curved as u move toward the poles, the same amount of sunlight is spread over a larger area Lesson Overview Climate Latitude and Solar Energy Earth’s polar areas annually receive less intense solar energy, and therefore heat, from the sun. 12. The difference in heat distribution creates three different climate zones: tropical, temperate, and polar. Lesson Overview Climate Latitude and Solar Energy The 13. tropical zone, which includes the equator, is located between 23.5° north and 23.5° south, always warm. This zone receives nearly direct sunlight all year. On either side of the tropical zone are the two 14. temperate zones, between 23.5° and 66.5° north and south has seasonal weather. Beyond the temperate zones are the 15. polar zones, between 66.5° and 90° north and south, always cold, Lesson Overview Climate Heat Transport in the Biosphere 16. The unequal distribution of heat creates wind and ocean currents, Earth has winds because warm air is less dense and rises, and cool air is more dense and sinks. Lesson Overview Climate Heat Transport in the Biosphere These upward and downward movements of air create winds. 17. Winds transport heat from warm regions to cold regions 18. Earth’s rotation causes winds to blow generally from west to east in temperate zones and east to west in tropics and the poles. Lesson Overview Climate Heat Transport in the Biosphere 19. warm ocean currents make the nearby land warm Surface water is pushed by winds. 20. cold ocean currents make the nearby land cold.