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CANADA--NORTHERN
NEIGHBOR
QUICK FACTS
1. OCCUPIES MOST OF NORTHERN NORTH
AMERICA
2. EXTENDS TO 3 OCEANS, THE ATLANTIC
OCEAN IN THE EAST, THE PACIFIC OCEAN
IN THE WEST, AND THE ARCTIC OCEAN IN
THE NORTH
3. WORLD’S SECOND LARGEST COUNTRY BY
AREA
4. CAPITAL OF ALL OF CANADA IS OTTAWA.
CANADA’S PROVINCES AND
TERRITORIES
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Alberta(Edmonton)
British Columbia(Victoria)
Manitoba(Winnipeg)
New Brunswick(Fredericton)
Newfoundland and Labrador(St. John's)
Nova Scotia(Halifax)
Ontario(Toronto)
Prince Edward Island(Charlottetown)
Quebec(Quebec City)
Saskatchewan(Regina)
Northwest Territories(Yellowknife)
Yukon Territory(Whitehorse)
Nunavut Territory(Iqaluit)
POLITICAL DIVISIONS OF
CANADA
• CANADA IS DIVIDED INTO 10 PROVINCES
AND 3 TERRITORIES.
• THESE AREAS ARE DIVIDED INTO 5
REGIONS BASED ON:
– PHYSICAL FEATURES
– CULTURE
– ECONOMY
THE CANADIAN MAP.
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CANADIAN PROVINCES-ATLANTIC PROVINCES
• NEW BRUNSWICK--FREDERICTON
• NOVA SCOTIA--HALIFAX
• PRINCE EDWARDS ISLAND-CHARLOTTESTOWN
• NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR-ST. JOHN’S
NEWFOUNDLAND
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ATLANTIC PROVINCES
• LANDFORMS
– BORDER ON THE ATLANTIC OCEAN
– APPALACHIAN MTS RUN THRU THIS
REGION
– THICK DECIDUOUS FORESTS
– THOUSANDS OF LAKES AND SMALL
PONDS
– 5% 0F CANADIAN LAND AND 8% OF
PEOPLE
ATLANTIC PROVINCES
• MARITIME PROVINCES--RELATED TO THE
SEA
• ECONOMICS OF THE REGION
– FISHING OFF THE GRAND BANKS
• OVERFISHING--DEPLETED COD POPULATION
– FORESTRY
– FARMING(Fruit, vegetables, dairy)
• CLIMATE
– MILDER CLIMATE
CANADIAN PROVINCES-GREAT LAKES-ST. LAWRENCE
PROVINCE
• ONTARIO--TORONTO
• QUEBEC--QUEBEC
• CENTER OF CANADA’S ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
• LARGEST AMOUNT OF POPULATION LIVE HERE-60% OF ALL OF CANADA’S POP.
• DIVIDED INTO 3 REGIONS:
– CANADIAN SHIELD-NORTH-POOR SOILS BUT RICH IN
MINERALS--COLD CLIMATE--TUNDRA REGION
– HUDSON BAY LOWLANDS--FLAT SWAMPY REGION
BETWEEN HUDSON BAY AND CANADIAN SHIELD.
– ST. LAWRENCE LOWLANDS--RICH SOIL AND A MILD
CLIMATE--GOOD GROWING SEASONS
ONTARIO
• SEAWAYS & CANALS CONNECT GREAT
LAKES TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER.
– CREATES HYDROELECTRIC PLANTS
• RICH SOILS AND ABUNDANT MINERALS
– FARMING AND MINING
• INDUSTRIAL REGION
– CARS, FOOD PRODUCTS, CLOTHING,
BUILDING MATERIALS
• TORONTO-BANKING / FINANCE CENTER
– LIKE NEW YORK IS TO THE U.S.
ONTARIO
QUEBEC
• LARGEST PROVINCE BY AREA
• MOST OF POPULATION LIVES SOUTH OF CANADIAN
SHIELD
• CONTINENTAL CLIMATE IN THE SOUTH
• PEOPLE IN QUEBEC ARE “SEPARTISTS”
– PEOPLE WHO ARE OF FRENCH HERITAGE
– WANT TO CREATE THEIR OWN COUNTRY.
• FARMING DONE IN ST. LAWRENCE VALLEY.
• MINING AND FORESTRY ALSO ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
• LARGEST CITY IS MONTREAL
• QUEBEC CITY--OLDEST CITY IN CANADA
QUEBEC
TOURISM IN CANADA
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CANADIAN PROVINCES-THE PRAIRIE PROVINCE
• ALBERTA--EDMONTON
• SASKATCHEWAN--REGINA
• MANITOBA--WINNEPEG
THE PRAIRIE PROVINCES
• BETWEEN THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS AND
THE CANADIAN SHIELD.
• LONG FLAT LANDS. WITH 50% OF
POPULATION LIVING IN CITIES.
• PROVIDES MOST OF CANADA’S GRAIN
AND CATTLE.
• OIL AND NATURAL GAS FOUND IN
ALBERTA
• CONTINENTAL CLIMATE
THE CANADIAN SHIELD
• The Canadian Shield is a large geographic
area in eastern and central Canada
composed of bare rock.
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mostly thin soil lying on top of
bedrock,
with many
bare
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thousands of lakes. This was caused during
the last ice age, when glaciers covered the
area and scraped the rock clean as they
moved
CANADIAN PROVINCES
• BRITISH COLUMBIA--VICTORIA
• CANADA’S WESTERN PROVINCE STANDS
ALONE
MOSTLY COVERED WITH MOUNTAINS
FROM THE ROCKIES.
• 80% OF POPULATION LIVE IN
VANCOUVER OR VICTORIA
• VANCOUVER--PROVINCES LARGEST
CITY!
BRITISH COLUMBIA
• ECONOMY BASED ON FORESTRY
(LUMBER), SALMON, AND MINERALS.
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• The climate ofareBritish
Columbia
varies from
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marine to continental.
• Winter snowfall in the BC Rockies averages
between 171 cm (67 inches) in the south
and 206 cm (81 inches) in the north.
THE NORTHERN
TERRITORIES
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THE NORTHERN 40% OF CANADA
YUKON TERRITORY--WHITEHORSE
NORTHWEST TERRITORY-YELLOWKNIFE
NUNAVUT-IQALUIT
WEALTH OF NORTHERN
TERRITORIES
• GREAT AMOUNTS OF MINERALS
– GOLD, SILVER, COPPER, ZINC, LEAD, IRON,
URANIUM.
– COLD WEATHER MAKES IT DIFFICULT TO
MINE.
• VAST AMOUNTS OF OIL AND NATURAL
GAS.
– ESTABLISHED PIPELINES TO TRANSFER OIL
PRODUCTS AND GAS PRODUCTS TO
PROCESSING PLANTS.
LAND & CULTURE OF
NORTHERN TERRITORIES
• COLD, MOSTLY TREELESS TUNDRAS
• FEW INHABITANTS (1% OF TOTAL
POPULATION OF CANADA
• PEOPLE ARE CALLED INUIT (NOT
ESKIMOS!)
• PEOPLE ARE HUNTERS--SELF
SUFFICIENT
INUIT TRIBES
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CHAP. 8 SECTION 2
• THE HISTORY OF CANADA
– SETTLED BY NATIVE AMERICANS AND THE
“INUIT”
• HUNTERS AND GATHERS ALONG THE PACIFIC
COAST
• SETTLED BY THE FRENCH AND BRITISH
IN THE EAST IN THE 1600’S.
– FOUGHT FOR CONTROL IN 4 WARS 1689-1763
– BRITISH WIN BATTLE OF QUEBEC IN 1763,
GAIN CONTROL OF ALL OF CANADA
• DOMINION OF CANADA CREATED IN 1867
• INDEPENDENT NATION IN 1931
CULTURAL CONFLICT IN
CANADA
• 25% OF CANADA’S POPULATION IS FRENCH
SPEAKING, MOST LIVE IN QUEBEC.
• MANY OF THE FRENCH SPEAKING PEOPLE ,
CALLED THE QUEBECOIS, ARE SEPARTISTS.
– WANT TO “SEPARATE OR SECEDE” AND FORM
THEIR OWN COUNTRY
• INUIT LIVE IN NORTHERN TERRITORIES.
• 555,000 NATIVE AMERICAN CANADIANS LIVE
ON RESERVES.
• HIGHEST IMMIGRATION RATE IS FROM ASIA
SECTION 3--CANADA
TODAY