Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
What is Geography? Geography is a representation of the whole known world together with the phenomena which are contained therein. Ptolemy, Geographia 2nd Century A.D. Geography is the science of place. Its vision is grand, its view panoramic. It sweeps the surface of the Earth, charting the physical, organic and cultural terrain, their areal differentiation, and their ecological dynamics with humankind. Its foremost tool is the map. Leonard Krishtalka, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 20th Century A.D. Organized knowledge of the earth as the world of people (Balogh). Okay, but what exactly is it? Well, it’s a way of thinking about intellectual problems, both natural and societal, which emphasizes the importance of spatial relationships.. Take any social, environmental, or physical question or problem and ask yourself whether there is a spatial aspect to it. Chances are that space and place play a role in the answers to that question. Mike Reed, Making It Up As I Go Divisions of Academic Geography • • • • • • • • • • • • Physical Geography Rocks and Minerals Landforms Soils Animals Plants Water Atmosphere Rivers and Other Water Bodies Environment Climate and Weather Oceans Human or Cultural Geography Population Settlements Economic Activities Transportation Recreational Activities Religion Political Systems Social Traditions Human Migration Agricultural Systems Urban Systems The Geography of Breakfast a geographic thinking demonstration COFFEE Top Ten Coffee Growing Countries CHOCOLATE Chocolate was “discovered” for Europe by Christopher Columbus, but it’s commercial possibilities were recognized by Hernan Cortez who was served a drink made from cocoa beans by Moctezuma, leader of the Aztecs (whom he later executed). The cacao tree, like coffee, grows only in the tropics. Today it is grown primarily for export to the U.S. and Europe. Breakfast Foods Food Place of Origin Current Production coffee Ethiopia Tropics oranges South Asia, India US, Mediterranean pork China, South Asia Worldwide wheat Near East US, Russia, Argentina tea China Asia oats Near East Temperate Climates pepper South America Americas, Asia THE 5 THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY CH 1 SECTION 1 NOTES THE FIVE THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY • • • • • Location Place Human-Environment Interaction Movement Regions LOCATION Where are we? • Absolute Location – A latitude and longitude (global location) or a street address (local location). – Paris France is 48o North Latitude and 2o East Longitude. – The White House is located at 1600 Pennsylvania Ave. • Relative Location – Described by landmarks, time, direction or distance. From one place to another. – Go 1 mile west on main street and turn left for 1 block. PLACE What is it like there, what kind of place is it? • Human • Physical Characteristics Characteristics • What are the main languages, customs, and beliefs. • How many people live, work, and visit a place. • Landforms (mountains, rivers, etc.), climate, vegitation, wildlife, soil, etc. Key Concept: Movement (Interconnections) Tobler’s 1st Law of Geography • All things are related. However, all other things being equal, those things that are closest together are more related. • Related Concepts: – Distance Decay Key Concepts • Diffusion - the processes by which a feature, idea, or peoples spread to new places. • Migration - the movement of people on the planet. • Globalization – the increasingly interconnected nature of worldwide trade and exchange. CONNECTIONS (Key Concepts) Diffusion • Relocation • Contagious • Stimulus • Hierarchical Ideas, goods, and people move and diffuse across the earth. When people are involved we call this MIGRATION. Place (versus Space) Why do places feel different to us? Why and how do they represent and reflect different meanings and even personal identity. Every place is unique. Imagine where you lived as a child. What is home? – – – – All five senses Physical and cultural elements Architecture Symbolic • Place and Placelessness (Relph, 1978) Sense of Place Groveland, CA Bourbon Street HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION • How do humans and the environment affect each other? – We depend on it. • People depend on the Tennessee River for water and transportation. – We modify it. • People modify our environment by heating and cooling buildings for comfort. – We adapt to it. • We adapt to the environment by wearing clothing suitable for summer (shorts) and winter (coats), rain and shine. Human-Environment Interaction • Successful cultures are those that adapt well to their environments. (Chaco Canyon, North Africa, Fertile Crescent, Easter Island) Chaco Canyon, New Mexico Easter Island, Polynesia Where are we? What values are reflected in each? What relation to physical environment? Timber House, Switzerland Mosque in Istanbul, Turkey Yurt on Mongolian Steppe Suburban Home, Chicago MOVEMENT • How are people, goods, ideas moved from place to place? – Human Movement • Trucks, Trains, Planes – Information Movement • Phones, computer (email), mail – Idea Movement • How do fads move from place to place? TV, Radio, Magazines REGIONS • How are Regions similar to and different from other places? – Formal Regions • Regions defined by governmental or administrative boundaries (States, Countries, Cities) • Regions defined by similar characteristics (Corn Belt, Rocky Mountain region, Chinatown). – Functional Regions • Regions defined by a function (newspaper service area, cell phone coverage area). – Vernacular Regions (Not in your book) • Regions defined by peoples perception (middle east, the south, etc.) Overlapping Formal and Functional Regions Vernacular Regions Remembering the 5 themes • If you can’t remembering what they are just ask MR. HELP!!! • M – Movement • R – Regions • HE – Human Environment interaction • L – Location • P - Place Your assignment • Describe you and your family using the 5 Themes of Geography. • Make sure you use every theme. • Type your biography, double space.