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What is geography? Field of science dedicated to the study the earth: Landscapes Features Inhabitants Phenomena What can a map tell us? Political map Boundaries Locations What can a map tell us? Physical map landforms water What can a map tell us? Elevation map Relative to sea level What can a map tell us? Population map How many people live in a certain area Population density measured per capita What can a map tell us? Climate map weather patterns temperature What can a map tell us? Natural resource map Shows where certain types of natural resources can be found How do we read maps? Compass Also known as cardinal directions Instrument used to show directions North, South East, West How do we read maps? Map key Also known as a legend Uses symbols to identify locations of real things How do we read maps? Distance scale Used to help calculate actual distance between locations on a small map How do we read maps? Map grid Usually numbers and letters that divide a map into small sections that are easy to find How do we read maps? Latitude Horizontal lines on a world map/globe Also known as parallels Run East/West across the world Middle point called the equator How do we read maps? Longitude Vertical lines on a world map or globe Also known as meridians Run North/South around the world Middle point called “prime meridian” How do we read maps? Hemispheres Equator runs East/West and splits Earth into Northern and Southern hemispheres Prime meridian runs North/South and divides Earth into Eastern and Western hemispheres What are landforms? Natural features of the of the earth’s surface What kind of landforms are there? Mountains High elevation Top known as a peak Usually formed through tectonic activity What kind of landforms are there? Valleys Depression between hills or mountains Often caused by water erosion— river valleys What kind of landforms are there? Plains Flat area Important for agriculture— usually fertile What kind of landforms are there? Plateaus Flat terrain that is raised above surrounding area Also known as high plain Often formed by volcanic activity What kind of landforms are there? Glaciers Dense ice Flow very slowly Created the great plains What kind of landforms are there? Hills Above surrounding terrain Doesn’t have a high peak What kind of landforms are there? Desert Arid climate Lacks vegetation and animal life Not always sand dunes What kind of landforms are there? Volcanoes Surface of Earth breaks open, allows lava, ash, and gas to escape 170 active in USA What kind of landforms are there? Wetlands Saturated with water Marshes, swamps, bogs Lots of wildlife What kind of landforms are there? Rivers Water flowing towards body of water Many flood in wet seasons What kind of landforms are there? Lakes Depression filled with water Tectonics, landslides and ice dams, oxbows, craters, glacial activity How is America divided up? United States of America States Counties, parishes, boroughs (Not CT, RI) Townships American Regions Annual Precipitation Physical Economic Vegetation Natural Disasters Northeast mountains forests coastline fishing shipping tourism thick forests Blizzards, tornadoes, hurricanes Southeast wetlands gulf coast fishing shipping oil Cypress trees Palm trees hurricanes floods Midwest plains Great Lakes agriculture grasslands tornadoes Southwest deserts Grand Canyon oil cactus, succulents some tornadoes Western mountains tundra rainforest fishing shipping tourism lumber Palm trees thick forests earthquakes tsunamis