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Download 5 Themes of geography - Townsend Harris High School
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AIM: HOW AND WHY DO THE FIVE THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY HAVE AN IMPACT ON HUMAN GEOGRAPHY? Five Themes of Geography WHAT ARE THE FIVE THEMES? Tools geographers use to study features on earth. Location Place Region Human Environment Interaction Movement AKA MR. HELP Movement (Spatial Interaction) Region Human Environment interaction Location Place Logically the order would be LPRH(EI)M 1. LOCATION Describes where places are on Earth. Types of Location: ABSOLUTE: exact location on earth (fixed) Doesn’t change Latitude/Longitude Hemispheres Grid System Address RELATIVE: compared to other places (variable) Changes dependent upon where you’re comparing it to. Miles Distance Direction ABSOLUTE LOCATION Examples: Rome is located at 41 N, 12 E Argentina is located in the southern hemisphere. THHS is located at 149-11 Melbourne Ave. RELATIVE LOCATION Examples: Rome is located near the Mediterranean Sea. Argentina is near Brazil. Ecuador is south of Mexico. New York is located in the North East Problems ? SITE Lousy Site VS. SITUATION Great Situation 2. PLACE A place is defined by it’s unique characteristics. Physical characteristics Cultural characteristics PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS Specific to THAT place, not generic. Created by nature. The way a place looks. Mountains Rivers, Lakes, Seas Climate Vegetation Examples: Andes Mountains are in South America. Amazon River flows through Brazil. Pampas are located in Argentina. The Panamanian Isthmus connects Central & South America. CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS Specific to THAT place, not generic. Man-made or invented. Peoples activities change the way a place looks or is represented. Language Unique buildings Religious Practices Celebrations/traditions/holidays Examples: Portuguese is the official language of Brazil. Many Mexicans are Catholic. Mayan ruins are located in Mexico. Cinco de Mayo is a national holiday in Mexico. CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS EXERCISE “Name that Place!” Think of a place. State, act out some cultural characteristics that you think are associated with the particular place in mind. No negative stereotypes please!!! AIM: HOW AND WHY DO THE FIVE THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY HAVE AN IMPACT ON HUMAN GEOGRAPHY? Five Themes of Geography 3. REGION The world is divided into different regions based upon similarities & differences. Climate Location Beliefs Languages Ethnicity/Race Types: Formal Functional Perceptual (Vernacular Region) FORMAL REGION Most common/familiar. Determined by the distribution of a uniform characteristic (physical or cultural) i.e.: homogenous characteristic Location Climate Religion Examples Central America (Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama) Latin America FORMAL REGION E.G.: LINGUISTIC REGION FORMAL REGION CULTURAL REGION POLITICAL REGION Cultural, Linguistic, and Political Region Linguistic and Cultural (Religious) Regions FORMAL REGION ENVIRONMENTAL REGION Bioregion (biome) Ecotone E.g.: The Sahel Bioregion (biome) Ecotone = transitionary region between two biomes. Note Human Geography words. CORE (HEARTLAND), CORE PERIPHERY AND BORDER ZONES FUNCTIONAL REGION Serves a purpose that affects places around it. Distributes goods/people Serves specific purpose Examples: Panama Canal Hollywood Havana, Cuba Any market town and even a mall. The area a mall serves / influences is NOT formal. However, it’s influence does exist… hence functional. What mall do you associate with? Or are you… What mall? NODE (NODAL POINT) Nodal points can be part of multiple regions. However, they apply best to functional regions. DISTANCE DECAY Applicable to many aspects of Human Geography. WITHIN A FUNCTIONAL REGION CORE PERIPHERY AND BORDER ZONES PERCEPTUAL REGION (VERNACULAR REGION) Groups of areas that provoke a certain stereotype or feeling. Examples: The The Ghetto was a formal region whereas the ghetto is a perceptual region. How so? What’s the difference between vernacular and linguistic? Bronx (Da Bronx) The “ghetto” as opposed to the Ghetto* China Town BTW, any idea as to why perceptual The Midwest regions are frequently referred to as “The Valley” see next slide vernacular regions? What and where is this? EXERCISE Where is the Midwest? Identify the Perceptual Region by naming states that you think are part of the Midwest. How do you complete the process of identifying the Midwest? MENTAL MAPS Mental maps invariably map Perceptual Regions… Get it? Thinking. What type of Region is the “Corn Belt”? 4. HUMAN ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION The environment & people are interconnected. Consequences to those actions depend upon how people choose to interact with the world and use their resources. Positive/Negative Intentional/Accidental Favorable/Destructive HEI Current Environmental Issues: Climate Change (global warming) Energy Resources Water Conservation Deforestation 5. MOVEMENT Places do not exist in isolation. Interconnectedness places “look.” Today: People, of the world changes the way “globalization” goods & ideas move from place to place. Examples: Immigration from anywhere E.g.: Latin America to USA. War in Iraq (troops, supplies, ideas, people) Internet E.g.: Facebook (ideas), Twitter, Youtube Rapid Transportation Sat in my living room in New Rochelle, NY, USA and watched Springboks vs. All Blacks in South Africa on a Japanese television station in Japanese and English using a service provided by a company located in Luxembourg, Europe. PTO BTW, what type of map? To what extent is this a real or perceived threat to various cultures and countries around the world? Get it? “…The fundamental source of conflict in this new world will not be primarily ideological or primarily economic. The great divisions among humankind and the dominating source of conflict will be cultural. Nation states will remain the most powerful actors in world affairs, but the principal conflicts of global politics will occur between nations and groups of different civilizations. The clash of civilizations will dominate global politics.” (Huntington, 1993) Harvard University Professor Samuel Huntington “Jihad vs. McWorld.” Benjamin Barber Aka “Traditional values” vs. Globalization. HMMM…. TWE HAS THE INTERNET HAD AN IMPACT ON THE WORLD? “The Innocence of Muslims” and “The Life of Brian” Productions of the secular world. Big problem: they actually believe in human rights, freedom of speech, democracy and similar concepts. Country A Democracy All people have same legal rights Freedom of speech Freedom of religion 18 or older to marry Polygamy illegal Same sex marriage legal Universal healthcare Alcohol legal Problem: All gambling legal they Prostitution legal increasingly Medical marijuana & have to decriminalization interact. Country B COUNTRY B Happy Valentine’s Social Mixing The Movies Music School Bacon! Gyms for Girls Every Other God Women At Work Roaming Women Women Behind the Wheel Other / Similar Issues: Religious Police Male guardianship Child Marriage Rape laws Alcohol Religious Conversion Homosexuality Democracy Slavery (1962, UAE, 1963, Oman, 1970) Fruits and Vegetables www.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/12/09/181654.html AKA MR. HELP Movement (Spatial Interaction) Region (Formal, Functional, & Perceptual) Human Environment interaction Location (Absolute & Relative) Place (Site & Situation) Logically the order would be LPRH(EI)M FIN
