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Three planes in networks Prof. Malathi Veeraraghavan Elec. & Comp. Engg. Dept/CATT Polytechnic University [email protected] M. Veeraraghavan 1 Polytechnic University User plane, control plane, and management plane • Management plane: consists of all the protocols needed to “configure” data tables for the operation of the network – For example, protocols for routing data dissemination (distributed or centralized) – Other functions: performance, fault mgmt., accounting, security • Control plane: – Connection control protocols • in CO networks, this includes connection setup at each switch (connections at the network layer) • in CL networks, this includes connection setup only at the endpoints (connections at the transport layer, if the TL protocol is reliable) – Call control protocols • User plane: protocols for the actual flow of data M. Veeraraghavan 2 Polytechnic University Routing protocol in all three types of networks - Phase 1 Dest. Next hop B B II Host A I Dest. Next hop III-* IV Routing protocol Routing protocol Routing protocol IV Dest. Next hop III-* III Host B III V Routing tables • Routing protocols exchange topology/loading/reachability information • Routes to destinations are precomputed and stored in M. Veeraraghavan 3 Polytechnic University routing tables Signaling protocol for NL connection setup in a PS CO network - Phase 2 Connection setup (B) II d/L1 b a Host A IN Port /Label I c Connection setup b a a/L1 OUT Port/Label c/L2 Connection setup IV III d IN Port /Label b Host B c V d Connection setup OUT Port/Label a/L2 • b/L3 a c IN Port /Label OUT Port/Label c/L1 Virtual circuit Connection setup consists of each switch on the path – Route lookup for next hop node to reach destination – CAC (Connection Admission Control) for buffer and BW – Writing the input/output label mapping tables and programming the scheduler M. Veeraraghavan 4 Polytechnic University Signaling protocol for NL connection setup in a CS CO network - Phase 2 Connection setup (B) Host A II d/2 b a I IN OUT Port /Timeslot Port/Timeslot c a Connection setup b Connection setup a a/1 c/2 IV III d c IN OUT Port /Timeslot Port/Timeslot b/1 b Host B c V d Connection setup IN OUT Port /Timeslot Port/Timeslot a/2 c/2 Circuit • Connection setup consists of each switch on the path – Route lookup for next hop node to reach destination – CAC (Connection Admission Control) for BW (note: no buffers) – Writing the port/timeslot/l M. Veeraraghavan 5 mapping table Polytechnic University User-plane packet forwarding in a PS CO network - Phase 3 II L1 b Host A IN Port /Label a/L1 a I c L1 III c d b a OUT Port/Label c/L2 L3 a IV d b Host B c V L2 • Labels are VPI/VCIs in ATM • Labels are translated from link-to-link M. Veeraraghavan 6 Polytechnic University User-plane actions in a circuit-switched network - Phase 3 II 1 2 b Host A a I 1 a 1 c 2 b d c a IV III d 2 b Host B c V IN OUT Port /Timeslot Port/Timeslot a/1 c/2 1 2 • Bits arriving at switch I on time slot 1 on port a are switched to time slot 2 of port c M. Veeraraghavan 7 Polytechnic University User-plane packet forwarding in a CL PS network - Phase 3 II b Host A a I c B B a B III c d b a IV d b Host B c V B • Packet headers carry destination host address (unchanged as it passes hop by hop) • Each CL packet switch does a route lookup to determine the outgoing port/next hop node M. Veeraraghavan 8 Polytechnic University Addressing • Where are endpoint addresses used: – In CL PS networks, endpoint addresses are carried in packet headers – In CO networks, be it PS or CS, endpoint addresses are carried in connection setup messages M. Veeraraghavan 9 Polytechnic University Summarized addresses • What are summarized addresses? • Why summarize addresses? M. Veeraraghavan 10 Polytechnic University Summarized addresses • What are summarized addresses? – An address that represents a group of endpoint addresses – e.g., all 212 numbers, 128.238 IP addresses • Why summarize addresses? – Reduces routing table sizes – hold one entry for a summarized address instead of a large number of individual addresses – Reduces routing message lengths that convey reachability information M. Veeraraghavan 11 Polytechnic University Examples of signaling protocols • SS7 (Signaling System No. 7) network (with its SS7 protocol stack) carries signaling messages to set up and release circuits in a telephone network M. Veeraraghavan 12 Polytechnic University Examples of routing protocols • In the Internet: – Link-state routing protocols, such as Open Path Shortest First (OSPF) – Distance-vector based routing protocols, such as Routing Information Protocol (RIP) • In telephone networks: – Real-Time Network Routing (RTNR) M. Veeraraghavan 13 Polytechnic University Examples of addressing schemes • Internet – 4-byte IP addresses • Telephone networks – 8-byte E.164 address (telephone number) • ATM networks – 20-byte ATM End System Address (AESA) M. Veeraraghavan 14 Polytechnic University