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The Internet
Rachel Zhang
ICS4U1-01
Mr. Krnic
History & Development
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The history of the Internet begins with the development of
electronic computers in the 1950s. Initial concepts of packet
networking originated in several computer science laboratories
in the United States, Great Britain, and France. The US
Department of Defense awarded contracts as early as the
1960s for packet network systems, including the development
of the APRANET (which would become the first network to use
the Internet Protocol.) The first message was sent over the
ARPANET from computer science Professor Leonard
Kleinrock's laboratory at University of California, Los Angeles
(UCLA) to the second network node at Stanford Research
Institute (SRI)
History & Development
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1969: ARPANET was born. 4 nodes were inter-connected: UCLA, SRI, UCSB,
U. of Utah.
1974: IP was the connectionless datagram service in the original Transmission
Control Program introduced by Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn in 1974; the other
being the connection-oriented Transmission Control Protocol(TCP). The
Internet protocol suite is therefore often referred to as TCP/IP.
1975: Altair produces the first portable computer .
1983: Domain Name System (DNS) pioneered by Jon Postel, Paul
Mockapetris and Craig Partridge. DNS gives us the ability to use plain
language web addresses.
1984: four UC Berkeley students wrote the first Unix name server
implementation, called the Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND) Server.
1990: The world’s first website, a text-only effort describing the World Wide
Web or “W3” browser, goes live on the world’s first server. It was run on Tim
Berners-Lee’s NeXT computer at CERN, which is now on display at the
organization’s museum.
1991: The World Wide Web is launched to the public on August 6, 1991.
History & Development
Infrastructure – World Wide Web
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The World Wide Web (WWW) is
an open source informatio
space where documents and
other web resources are identified
by URLs, interlinked
by hypertext links, and can be
accessed via the Internet.
The World Wide Web was invented by
English scientist Tim Berners-Lee in
1989. He wrote the first web browser
in 1990 while employed at CERN in
Switzerland.
The World Wide Web was central to
the development of the Information
Age and is the primary tool billions of
people use to interact on the Internet
Infrastructure
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URL: URL is an acronym for Uniform Resource
Locator and is a reference (an address) to a
resource on the Internet.
HTTP: The Hypertext Transfer
Protocol (HTTP) is an application protocol for
distributed,
collaborative, hypermedia information
systems. HTTP is the foundation of data
communication for the World Wide Web.
Web Servers: Web services are open standard
(XML, SOAP, HTTP etc.) based Web
applications that interact with other web
applications for the purpose of exchanging data.
Application Ports: In computer networking,
a port is an endpoint of communication in
an operating system.
Infrastructure
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ISP: An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that
provides services for accessing, using, the Internet. Yak and
Rogers are top internet service provider in Canada now.
Mbps:Mbps is the ISP industry-standard. Mbps is short for
megabits per second, a measure of data transfer speed (a
megabit is equal to one million bits).
Domain names: A domain name is an identification string that
defines a realm of administrative autonomy, authority or control
within the Internet. Domain names are formed by the rules and
procedures of the Domain Name System (DNS). Any name
registered in the DNS is a domain name.
IP addresses: An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a
numerical label assigned to each device (e.g., computer, printer)
participating in a computer network that uses the Internet
Protocol for communication. An IP address serves two principal
functions: host or network interface identification and
location addressing.
Scripting
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Scripting is a high-level programming language that is interpreted by another
program at runtime rather than compiled by the computer's processor as other
programming languages (such as C and C++) are. Scripting languages, which
can be embedded within HTML, commonly are used to add functionality to a
Web page.
Scripting languages came about largely because of the development of the
Internet as a communications tool.
JavaScript, ASP, JSP, PHP, Perl, Tcl and Python are examples of scripting
languages.
PHP: Personal Home Page (PHP) is a server-side scripting language
designed for web development but also used as a general-purpose
programming language. Originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994,
JavaScript: JavaScript is a high-level, dynamic, untyped, and interpreted
programming language that adds interactivity to your website
jQuery: jQuery is a JavaScript library that allows web developers to add
extra functionality to their websites. It is open source and provided for free
under the MIT license.
actionScript
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ActionScript is an object-oriented
programming (OOP) language that is
designed specifically for Web site animation.
ActionScript is used primarily for the
development of websites and software
targeting the Adobe Flash Player platform,
used on Web pages in the form of embedded
SWF files.
Developed by Macromedia Inc.
Markup Language
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a system (as HTML or SGML) for marking or tagging a
document that indicates its logical structure (as paragraphs)
and gives instructions for its layout on the page especially for
electronic transmission and display
The language specifies code for formatting, both the layout and
style, within a text file. The code used to specify the formatting
are called tags.
HTML: HyperText Markup Language is the standard markup
language used to create web pages. Along with CSS,
and JavaScript, HTML is a cornerstone technology, used by
most websites to create visually engaging web pages, user
interfaces for web applications, and user interfaces for many
mobile applications.
Summary
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The Internet nowadays is one of the most important thing in our
lives. It helps us day by day to communicate, to do research.
The history of the Internet is intricate, so the Internet has great
variety.
Internet Infrastructure consisting of a top5 areas :data centers,
network connectivity, computer equipment, storage services,
server applications
A scripting language is a programming language designed for
integrating and communicating with other programming
languages.
Some of the most widely used scripting languages are
JavaScript, VBScript, PHP, Perl, Python, Ruby, ASP and Tcl.
Bibliography
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Internet
http://www.internetsociety.org/internet/what-internet/history-internet/briefhistory-internet#Origins
http://www.salon.com/2014/03/14/25_biggest_moments_in_internet_history_pa
rtner/
http://www.datesandevents.org/events-timelines/11-internet-history-timeline.htm
http://glenfarrelly.blogspot.ca/2012/02/top-20-most-historical-events-of.html
http://www.newmedia.org/history-of-the-internet.html?page=2
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web
https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/networking/urls/definition.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address
http://www.tutorialspoint.com/webservices/index.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_(computer_networking)
http://searchsoa.techtarget.com/definition/ActionScripthttps://en.wikipedia.org/w
iki/ActionScript
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scripting_language